Transcript Energy Flow - SchoolRack

ECOLOGY &
FOODWEBS
S7L4
• Students will examine the dependence of
organisms on one another and their
environments.
– Recognize that changes in environmental
conditions can affect the survival of both
individuals and entire species.
– Categorize relationships between organisms
that are competitive or mutually beneficial.
– Describe the characteristics of Earth’s major
terrestrial biomes and aquatic communities.
EQ’s to be answered in this unit:
• How is life like a web?
• Why is it necessary for everything in an
ecosystem to work together?
• How do YOU fit into the larger world?
• How does a change in temperature and/or
precipitation affect the living things in the
environment?
• Why can’t there be a lone survivor?
• What effect does the environment have on
organisms?
• How does the environment affect us?
ENERGY FLOW
• Energy is transferred from
one organism to another.
• Two methods of transfers
–Food Chain
–Energy Pyramid
FOOD CHAIN
• Shows how energy passes from one organism to another.
– A producer will ALWAYS be first. Producers make
their own food.
– CONSUMERS will be next:
• A herbivore will be second.
– An organism that eats only plants (ex: rabbit,
deer)
• A carnivore will be next.
– An organism that eats other animals (ex: hawk,
wolf)
• An omnivore can also be next.
– An organism that eats both plants and animals
(ex: bear, human)
EXAMPLE
GRASS
RABBIT
Producer
Herbivore
WOLF
Carnivore
Example of a Food Chain
Grass  Grasshopper 
Frog  Snake  Hawk
• GRASS (is eaten by a) GRASSHOPPER
(which is eaten by) a FROG (which is eaten by
a) SNAKE (which is eaten by a) HAWK
ENERGY PYRAMID
• Shows how much energy is at each level
of food chain
• Pyramid Levels
– 1st level is carnivores
• Larger animals
• least energy
– 2nd level is carnivores
– 3rd level is herbivores
– 4th level is producers
• Plants
• Most energy
ENERGY PYRAMID
Carnivores
(Larger Animals)
Least Energy
Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
(Plants)
Most Energy
Where Does Energy
Comes From?
•SUN
–Provides energy for life on Earth
2 Ways To Obtain Energy
Producers
– Make own energy
through the Sun
– Example: Plants
Consumers
– Can’t make own energy
– Eat other organisms
– Example: Animals
SYMBIOSIS
• Relationship between species
• Types:
–Mutualism: both benefit
–Commensalism: one benefits,
the other is not affected
–Parasitism: one benefits, the
other is harmed
Mutualism – Bees & Flowers
Commensalism – Fish &
anemones
Parasitism – Ticks
NICHE-Organism Survival
–How does it find food and shelter?
–How does it avoid danger?
–How does it care for its young?
–Does it have predators?
–Can it cooperate with other animals?
–Can it find prey (food)?
• A Niche is a term describing the relational
position of a species or population in an
ecosystem.
Interactions Within Communities
Living Things
–Any plant or animal;
biotic factors
Non-Living Things
–Objects that do not have
living characteristics;
abiotic factors
–Example: water, rock
BRAIN POP
http://www.brainpop.com/science/population
sresourcesandenvironment/foodchains/zo
om.weml
BrainPop Time Again!
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/livingsys
tems/symbiosis/
Biosphere
• Earth’s crust
• All water that covers the
Earth
• Atmosphere around Earth
• Includes all ecosystems (ex:
Ocean)
• Contains all plants and
animals
– Ecology = Study of the
Earth, Type of Science
Population vs. Community
• Population
– One group of organisms
of the same species
– Example: deer, birds
• Community
– Several groups of
organisms living together
– Example: birds, bears,
snakes, all living in the
forest
Habitats
• All places where an
organism might live
–Provides food and
shelter
–Example: tree, nest,
cave
• Organism
–A single living thing
(plant, animal, fungus,
protist, bacteria)
BRAIN POP
http://www.brainpop.com/science/population
sandecosystems/ecosystems/zoom.weml
Let’s see if you can answer the EQ’s:
• How is life like a web?
• Why is it necessary for everything in an
ecosystem to work together?
• How do YOU fit into the larger world?
• How does a change in temperature and/or
precipitation affect the living things in the
environment?
• Why can’t there be a lone survivor?
• What effect does the environment have on
organisms?
• How does the environment affect us?