Transcript Cholera
http://www.oddee.com/item_90608.aspx Bacteria that cause the disease. Discovery ◦ Pacini- 1854 ◦ Koch- 1883 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera Host ◦ Humans Stomach Intestines Host ◦ Humans Stomach Intestines Vector ◦ Marine Life ◦ Shellfish ◦ Oysters ◦ Zooplankton http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topi c/114078/cholera# •Pass through stomach •Activated in small intestine http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/f/f6/Vibrio_cholerae.jpg •Pass through stomach •Activated in small intestine •Flagella production •Mucus layer http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/f/f6/Vibrio_cholerae.jpg •Pass through stomach •Activated in small intestine •Flagella production •Mucus layer •Epithelial cell surface •Produce: Cholera Toxin http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/f/f6/Vibrio_cholerae.jpg Sodium: Na+ ◦ 20-30g Sodium: Na+ ◦ 20-30g SGLT1 Proteins ◦ Na+ ◦ Glucose Section A enters Stimulation Pathway Germann, William J., Cindy L. Stanfield. Principles of Human Physiology. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005 Section A enters Stimulation Pathway Cl- flowing out Na+ follows it H20 follows them Germann, William J., Cindy L. Stanfield. Principles of Human Physiology. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005 Section A enters Stimulation Pathway Cl- flowing out Na+ follows H20 follows them Na+ /glucose uptake can’t keep up. Germann, William J., Cindy L. Stanfield. Principles of Human Physiology. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005 Extremely watery diarrhea: “rice-water” stool http://smartabouthealth.net/diseases/2009/03/10/cholera-deaths-in-zimbabwe-tops-4000/ Extremely watery diarrhea: “rice-water” stool Vomiting Dehydration Extreme thirst ** Low urine output Lack of tears http://smartabouthealth.net/diseases/2009/03/10/cholera-deaths-in-zimbabwe-tops-4000/ Extremely watery diarrhea: “rice-water” stool Vomiting Dehydration Extreme thirst ** Low urine output Lack of tears Hypovolemic shock Death http://smartabouthealth.net/diseases/2009/03/10/cholera-deaths-in-zimbabwe-tops-4000/ Mode of transmission ◦ Fecal to oral Host Collected as drinking water (Human) Water source not filtered/treated Diarrheal Response Feces contaminate water source Mode of transmission ◦ Fecal to oral Host Collected as drinking water (Human) Diarrhea Is this the body’s evolved defense mechanism? Or cholera’s evolved infection method? Water source not filtered/treated Diarrheal Response Feces contaminate water source 3rd world predominantly Drinking water No filtering No processing No purifying Lack knowledge ◦ Children Little to no water Infrastructure http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/114078/cholera# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/tmp-pmv/info/cholera-eng.php Oral Rehydration therapy (ORT): ◦ Oral rehydration salts ◦ H2O ◦ Intravenous rehydration Public health is the main way (right now) ◦ Water infrastructure Clean drinking water Sanitation Hygiene Education Vaccine http://fieldnotes.unicefusa.org/photos/ www.wikipedia.org ◦ Cholera, Vibrio Cholerae, Cholera Toxin, Zooplankton, Small Intestine, SGLT1 Protein, Enterotoxin, ORT, Cholera Toxin Pathway: ◦ Germann, William J., Cindy L. Stanfield. Principles of Human Physiology. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005 Effects on Heatlh ◦ https://health.google.com/health/ref/Cholera As Usual: ◦ Weekly epidemiological report- 4 AUGUST 2006, 81st YEAR http://www.who.int/wer/2006/wer8131.pdf ◦ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/114078/cholera# Incidence Reports ◦ http://www.who.int/topics/cholera/surveillance/en/index.html Treatment ◦ WHO/CDS/CSR/ISR/2000.1 WHO Report on Global Surveillance of Epidemic-prone Infectious Diseases- http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/surveillance/en/cholera.pdf