Transcript 幻灯片 1
Brainstorming invention evidence equipment scientific discovery research science lab method do carry out experiment perform The stages of a scientific research ⑦ ③ ④ ② ① ⑤ ⑥ draw a conclusion think of a method collect results make up a question find a problem analyse the results repeat if necessary John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” deadly = causing death infectious = that can be spread quickly SARS Bird flu AIDS John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” deadly infectious severe serious Many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. whenever cholera broke out. a person died of cholera, John made a mark on the map. Every time a person died of cholera, John made a mark on the map. John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” deadly infectious severe serious mysterious Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. Cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. Only when its cause was found would cholera never be controlled . John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” John Snow (1813-1858) A famous doctor in London Attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. He was so expert. He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed it. who weretoexposed to it. How did John defeat cholera? Nobody knew the cause or the draw a conclusion 1.The problem cure⑦ of cholera. think of a method ③disease Is the absorbed into 2.The question collect results ④ with bodies meals? He marked onup a map where all a question ② make 3.The method the dead hadalived. problem ① find Many the deaths near the were results ⑤ofanalyse 4.The result the water pump. ⑥ repeat if necessary 5.The conclusion The water was to blame. Finding the cause: two theories Theory 1: Cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. Theory 2: People absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. John Snow's Cholera Map 16 pump 37 38 1.Many of the deaths were near the water pump. 2.Some families who had not drunk the water from the pump had no deaths. 40 7 8 9 Water ! John Snow's Cholera Map 16 pump 37 38 40 7 8 9 It seemed that the water was the troublemaker. It seemed that the water was the cause of the problem. Water ! Finding more supporting evidence 1.The source of water came from the river polluted. 2.The disease slowed down soon after the handle was removed from the pump. 3. A woman and her daughter drank the water and died. They had it delivered to their house every day. They asked someone to deliver the water to their house. What did John do after his discovery? • Suggest that the source of all the water supplies be examined. should • Instruct the water companies not to expose people to polluted water. = officially tell somebody to do … The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air was (be) His pale face suggested that he _____ without reasons. be sent seriously ill. And we suggested that he _________ The second suggested that people absorbed this disease (send) the hospital atmeals. once. into theirtobodies with their Summary ttended xpert that he a________Queen John Snow was so e ______ Victoria . He wanted to find the c_____ ause of cholera in order efeat it. He was determined to face the c_________ to d_____ hallenge so that people e_______ xposed to it would not be v________ ictims of the eadly disease. In 1854 when a cholera b______ d______ roke out, he began to c_______ ollect information. He m______ arked on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many ump people who had drunk the dirty water from the p______ arried the died. So he decided that the polluted water c_______ andle He s________ uggested virus. He told people to remove the h______. ource of all water supply be e_________ xamined and the that the s_____ nstructed not to e________ water companies were i__________ xpose people to polluted water any more. He eventually efeated d_______“King Cholera”.