Transcript Test Review 2012 ppt

WATER
TEST REVIEW
What
percent of our
planet is water?
70%
What
percent of the Earth’s
water is fresh water?
3%
Where is most of the earth’s
fresh water located?
Icebergs and glaciers
What
is the number one use
of water in our homes?
Flushing toilets!
“EVERYONE
LIVES
DOWNSTREAM.”
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN
TO YOU?
Why
do scientists
study
macroinvertebrates
in water?
They can indicate the health
of a stream
How
many children die
of diarrhea every year?
1.5 million
How
many gallons of
water does the average
American use every
day?
150 gallons
What
is the largest
watershed in the US?
The Mississippi River
watershed
What
are the 2 main
uses of water in the
US?
Agriculture and
industry
What is an artificial lake
created by a dam?
A
reservoir
What is surface water?
Water
found in lakes,
rivers and streams
LIST THE 3 REASONS BUFORD
DAM WAS CONSTRUCTED
REDUCE FLOODING
 BARGE TRAFFIC
 GENERATE ELECTRICITY

WHAT ARE THE GEORGIA
WATER WARS?

DISPUTE BETWEEN GA, FLA AND AL
CONCERNING THE AMOUNT OF WATER
REACHING THE STATES
ALABAMA- WATER FOR NUCLEAR POWER
 GEORGIA – WATER FOR THE
APALACHICOLA BAY
 GA- DRINKING WATER

What is an
underground rock
formation that holds
water?
an
aquifer
What are examples of
nonpoint pollution?
Construction
sites, stormwater run-off from
streets, and pesticides
from yards and farms
What
is an area of land that
is drained by a river called?
a watershed
What is the
The
largest
Mississippi
watershed in
River
the US?
What
happens when too much
water is removed from an
aquifer?
An aquifer cannot rechargeWater table will fall and wells
will go drySUBSIDENCE, SINKHOLES
This is what is happening to
the Ogallala Aquifer in the
Midwest
Name
3 disadvantages of
dams
 Loss
of jobs
 Fish species can die out because the
water flow is altered
 People may lose their homes and land
 Siltation builds up behind the dam
 Destruction of cultural sites
 Loss of water due to evaporation
List
3 examples of point
source pollution
 Septic
tanks, storage lagoons for
polluted waste
 Landfills
 Underground storage tanks
containing pollutants such as
gasoline.
 Effluent pipes
What causes eutrophication?
 When
an input of excess nutrients
(nitrates/phosphates from fertilizers)
are added to water. The algae
reproduces, dies, falls to the water floor
and is decomposed by bacteria which
consume oxygen in the process
What is a hypoxic zone?

An area where there is little, if any oxygen

The Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico
List
2 facts about the
Dead Zone in the Gulf of
Mexico.
Is
an area of eutrophication
Has few fish
Is created by nitrates and
phosphates from agriculture flowing
from the Mississippi River
THE AREA OF LAND FROM
WHICH GROUNWATER
ORIGINATES IS CALLED
WHAT?
THE
RECHARGE ZONE
WHAT ARE THE 2 TYPES
OF DESALINIZATION?
Distillation
osmosis
and reverse
Give
3 advantages of a dam.
Can provide:
 hydroelectric power- clean energy
 Recreation areas
 Jobs
 Flood prevention
 Irrigation water for farmers
 Drinking water
WHAT
IS AN
INDICATOR SPECIES?
AN
ORGANISM WHOSE
ABSENCE OR PRESENCE
INDICATES THE HEALTH OF A
BODY OF WATER
Give
one species that indicates
a healthy stream.
Stone
fly
Caddis fly
Mayfly
(nymph shown here)
GIVE
ONE EXAMPLE OF
AN INDICATOR SPECIES
THAT INDICATES AN
UNHEALTHY BODY OF
WATER.
LEECHES
WORMS
What pollutant is found in
fertilizers and detergents?

PHOSPORUS
What is biological magnification?
Process by which increasing
amounts of toxins are stored
in the bodies of organisms as
toxins move up a food chain
What makes a chemical
bioaccumulate in an organism?
In order for a pollutant to bioaccumulate,
the following conditions must be met:
 The pollutant must be long-lived
(persistent).
 The pollutant must be concentrated by the
producers.
 The pollutant must be
fat-soluble
How
many different
types of water
pollution can you
name?











Phosphates
Nitrates
Heavy metals like mercury, lead, cadmium and
Litter
Pathogens
Organic matter like plants, animals and feces
Sedimentation
Pesticides
Thermal pollution
pH from mines or acid rain (alkaline or acidic
water)
Habitat modification
What
waterborne
disease is affecting
the population in
Haiti?
 Cholera



Cholera is an infection of the small intestine
caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The
main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea,
vomiting and abdominal pain. Transmission is
primarily through contaminated drinking water or
food.
The primary symptoms of cholera are profuse
diarrhea, severe dehydration, abdominal pain,
and fever. An untreated cholera patient may
produce around 10 liters of diarrheal fluid a day.
As of Jan. 24th, the number of cholera cases in Haiti
totaled 209,034 with over 4,000 deaths.
Why
are swimming pools
associated with so many
diseases?
So many people are concentrated in a
small area
 Lots of diaper and toddler-aged children
 Communal bathing

Name 3 chemicals that biomagnify
DDT
 PCBs
 Mercury

List 3 ways mercury enters the
environment
Forest fires, volcanoes, rocks
 Burning coal
 Mining for gold
 Burning medical waste/other waste that
contains mercury

 NAME
SOME PRODUCTS THAT
CONTAIN Hg

batteries, jewelry, dental fillings,
thermometers, barometers
What was the largest oil spill in the
US?

Horizon, Deepwater rig in April 2010
Why did the Exxon Valdez spill its
oil?

Went off route to avoid ice
 WHAT
STRUCTURAL FEATURE DID
THE VALDEZ NOT HAVE THAT MAY
HAVE PREVENTED THE OIL FROM
LEAKING?

A double hull
People who study diseases are ___.
EPIDEMIOLOGISTS!
Name
as many waterborne
diseases as you can








Cholera
Typhoid
Giardia
E. coli
Legionaire’s disease- Legionnaires' disease is a
type of pneumonia caused by bacteria. You
usually get it by breathing in mist from water
that contains the bacteria. The mist may come
from hot tubs, showers or air-conditioning units
for large buildings.
Cryptosporidiosis
Salmonellosis
Hepatitis A- 3rd most common in US
(inflammation of the liver)