Transcript Unit 3 Part 3 Ecosystems of the world

p. 101 - 109
Differentiate the terms producers, consumers decomposers. P. 93
Other examples:
Grasses
Trees shrubs
Water lilies
Flowers
Vegetables
Fruits
 Producer = a plant which can synthesize carbohydrates using
carbon dioxide and the sun’s energy.
 Actually “produce” their own food and food for the rest of
the ecosystem
Define Ecosystem
Ecosystem = the network of relationships
(interactions) among living (plants, animals) and
the non-living parts (soil, climate, water etc.) in an
environment.
Define Food Pyramid
 Diagram showing each
trophic level as a horizontal
bar.
LESS
 Producers are located on
bottom
 Higher consumers are
placed on top of each other.
 Each bar is drawn in
proportion to the mass of
organisms
 More mass at the lower
levels, less at the top…hence
the triangular shape!
MORE
What happens to energy?
85-90% is LOST
or USED up:
10-15% is stored:
 Available or
transferred to
 maintaining
the organism
(Ex.
metabolism,
reproduction
etc.)
other animals
when it is
eaten.
 And as heat!!!
IF NOT EATEN:
Energy is
transferred
to the
decomposers
.
Consumer- eats 3 fox
Coyote
= 300 units of toxins
built up
Consumer- eats 5
rabbits
Fox
= 100 units of toxins
built up
Consumer- eats 20
shrubs
Rabbit
= 20 units of toxins
built up
Producer
Shrub
= 1 unit of toxin
Define “climax vegetation” p. 102
 Climax vegetation is
stable/dominant
vegetation
 in balance with the
climatic AND soil
conditions
 It should change very little
if left undisturbed.
 Best suited!!!
 Each ecosystem has its own
climax vegetation.
Example: The “climax vegetation” in boreal /
coniferous forest. P. 102
 Evergreen trees
 Needle like leaves
 Thick bark
 Conical shape
 Dense growing
which blocks sun
Coniferous forests
World Ecosystems
Different Animals
Different Vegetation
Ecosystems
Different Soil
Different Climate (Temp. & Precip.)
Climate Zones
Different Locations
Ecosystems
Climate zones
Ecosystems AND climatic regions p.104
 Ecosystems of the world
are largely defined by their
climax vegetation.
Ecosystem
zones
 Examples!!! tropical rain
forest, grasslands, boreal
forests, cacti, etc.
 Climax Vegetation is
determined by climate (and
soils).
Climate
zones
 Therefore, ecosystems
match-up with climate
zones…
Altitudinal succession vs. latitudinal succession p. 104
Altitudinal succession vs. latitudinal succession
 The changes in ecosystems & vegetation that occur
as one moves from the equator to the poles
Altitudinal
succession
vs. latitudinal
succession succession
Altitudinal
succession
vs. latitudinal
 The changes in ecosystems & vegetation that occur
as one moves from the base of an tropical mountain
to the summit.
Altitudinal
succession
vs. latitudinal
succession succession
Altitudinal
succession
vs. latitudinal
 The changes in ecosystems & vegetation that occur as one
moves from the equator to the poles is very similar to the
changes in ecosystems & vegetation seen moving from the
base of an tropical mountain to the summit.
World Ecosystems
Different Animals
ADAPTATIONS
Different Vegetation
Different Soil
Different Climate (Temp. & Precip.)
Different Locations
Analyze world ecosystem map. P. 102
Boreal Forest & tundra
are wide spread in high
latitudes
b. Tropical Rain Forests
occur in low latitudes
c. Tropical Rain forest is
most predominant in
South America.
d. South America, Africa,
Australia and
Antarctica do not have
tundra.
e. Coniferous/Boreal
forest is our ecosystem
a.
Introduction of new species?
• What could be the probable impact that:
• the recent arrival of coyotes on the island of Newfoundland may have on the
local ecosystem?
 the introduction of snowshoe hare or even the moose to the
island of Newfoundland?
 the introduction of chinch bugs when it arrived through sods
imported from mainland Canada?
Possible Effects ???
 Elimination/disruption of their food sources/species.
 Competition for food sources may cause decline or endanger other
native species that eat same food source.
 Diseases or DANGER may be introduced causing decline or
disruption.
 May cause interruption or decline in economic activity related to
lost/declining species. (ex. Moose & Caribou)
 Financial cost to subsequently control new species.
 May cause the CREATION OF NEW BUSINESSES… to control the
species, tourism etc..
 The new plant/animal could be a FOOD SOURCE for the local
ecosystem.