Transcript symbiosis
Symbiosis:
Living Together
3 types of symbiotic relationships
mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
Parasitism:
a parasite expliots the
resources of its host to its own benefit,
while harming the host
Commensalism:
two specifies form a close association
where one organism benefits and the
other is neither harmed nor helped.
Shrimp and anemone
Commensalism
Mutualism:
an intimate association between
two species that offers advantage to both species
Examples
Bread mold and
bacteria
algal blooms can
lead to the death of
many species of
fish, however the
algae do not benefit
from the deaths of
these individuals.
Amensalism
occurs when one
species hurts
another, but does
not benefit from this
interaction
-/0 relationship
a nitrogen producer selling excess heat
and CO2 to a greenhouse grower that is
then able to increase yields and cut
energy costs
a construction company using discarded
car tires to line a drainage ditch, avoiding
fresh materials.
Industrial Symbiosis
Attack of the Bot Flies!!
Order Diptera,
Family
Cuterebridae,
Dermatobia
hominis
Torsalo or “Human
Bot Fly” is native
to Central and
South America
Exhibits both
Commensalism
and Parasitism
Life Cycle
Female torsalos glue their
eggs to the abdomen of a
mosquito or fly
Body heat from the host
triggers rapid hatching of
the torsalo's eggs. The
tiny maggots burrow
quickly into the skin (even
through clothing) and
begin development as
internal parasites.
Larvae develop over a
period of 5-10 weeks,
forming a painful cyst
under the skin. When
mature, they emerge from
the host, fall to the
ground, and pupate. The
adult fly emerges several
weeks later.
General Characteristics
An adult torsalo is a rather
large insect (10-15 mm)
with a bluish-black body,
brown wings, and yellow
markings on the face and
legs.
Fastest flies in the world
(80/kph)!!
Adults lack maxillary palps
and are thought to be
unable to feed due to their
atrophied mouthparts. Rely
on food reserve from larval
stage.
Larvae have sharp spikes to
anchor themselves to host
Bacteria microhabitat?
Treatment
Bot Flyoramma!
Cattle Bot Fly
Rodent/Tree Squirrel Bot
Fly
Nose (Sheep) Bot Fly
Stomach (Horse) Bot Fly
Rodent/Tree Squirrel Bot Fly
Eggs are layed on
habitat substrates
rather than directly
on host animal.
Nose (Sheep) Bot Fly
Living maggots are
deposited in the nostrils of
sheep.
Harmful to sheep due to
migration of larvae
through the nasal
passageways and sinuses.
The larvae remain in the
sinuses for 8 to 10 months
and then are sneezed out
of the nostrils.
Horse Bot Fly
Adult females deposit eggs on
the horse's legs, shoulders,
chin, throat and the lips.
Bot eggs enter the horse's
mouth and develop into
larvae. The larvae migrate and
attach themselves to the
mucus lining of the horse's
stomach, remaining there
during the winter.
After about 10 months, they
detach themselves and are
passed in the feces. The
larvae burrow into the ground
and mature into adult flies.
References
Symbiosis – Torsalo
Botfly
The Bot Fly - Insects, Bugs, Flies
http://entomology.unl.edu/ent108/BOTW/BOTW3_rabbit_botfly.ht
ml
Screwworm flies as agents of wound myiasis
The Associated Microflora to the Larvae of Human Bot Fly
Dermatobia hominis L. Jr. (Diptera: Cuterebridae) and its
Furuncular Lesions in Cattle
Bot Flies Are Our Friends – About
Human Botfly, Bot Fly, Botflies, Torsalo, Dermatobia hominis
biology, economic effects and early efforts to eradicate hypoderma
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Symbiosis
Close interactions
between two or more
different species
Clown Fish and Sea Anemone
African Crocodile and Blackbird
Plover
Bees and Flowers
Mutualism
◦ Both species benefit from the interaction
Symbiotic Relationships
Parasitism
◦ One species benefits and the other species is harmed
◦ Parasite
Organism that lives on or within a host species
Symbiotic
Relationships
Tapeworm (Taenia
Deer Tick (Ixodes
scapularis)
solium)
Parasitic Wasp
Amensalism
◦ One species is harmed
and the other species is
neither harmed nor
benefits from the
relationship.
◦ Antibiosis and
Competition
Bread Mold
Penicillium
Overgrowth of algae
Symbiotic Relationships
Commensalism
◦ One species benefits and the other species does not gain or
lose anything
Symbiotic
Barnacles and Relationships
Whales
Cattle and Egrets