Transcript Review Integumentary System

Week 6
Body Structure test
after test complete pg. 56 in syllabus,
review homework-oral practice,
Chapter 6-pgs. 120-151-lecture,
getting ready for integumentary testusing pgs. 56 and 67 in the syllabus,
Medical Language Lab
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Review Integumentary System
 What are the three layers of skin? What
structures are found in each?
 Name the three types of burns, describe
and tell the layers that each affects
 Name the two types of glands found in skin(use medical terms)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Define the following:
dermatosis
autograft
alopecia
ecchymosis
hirsutism
erythema
epidermis
diaphoresis
gangrene
melanoma
decubitus ulcer
laceration
dermatitis
SLE
urticaria
cellulitis
abrasion
nevus
liposuction
biopsy
onychomalacia
cyanosis
macule
incision
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Gastrointestinal System
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Anatomy and physiology of
the Digestive System
 Functions of the digestive system
 Digestion- the mechanical and
chemical breakdown of food
 Absorption- the process of absorbing
nutrients into the body after digestion
 Elimination- the process of removing
waste from the body
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Upper GI System
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Structures and Medical Terms of
the Upper GI tract and their
function
 Mouth - oro, stomato
an opening that holds the food
 Teeth - donto, dento
mastication by chewing, grinding, tearing
 Gum - gingivo
structure to hold the
teeth, needs to remain
healthy
 Tongue - glosso, linguo
manipulation of the
food
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Salivary Glands
Salivary – sialo
moisten food
(three glands)
1. Sublingual
2. Submandibular
3. Parotid
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Other structures and terms associated
with the upper GI system
 Bolus - a piece of chewed food
 Pharynx - throat
 Epiglottis - a piece of tissue that covers the
trachea when swallowing
 Esophagus - the food tube, lined with rings
of muscle, peristalsis occurs
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Stomach- gastro
 Lies in the upper-left
side of the abdominal
cavity
 Has three layers of smooth muscles
(Circular, long, and oblique)
 Lined with mucous membranes
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Function of the stomach
*mechanical and chemical*
 Bolus enters by way of the
cardiac/esophogeal sphincter and is mixed
with gastric juices
 Churned until semi liquid formed- chyme
 Process takes 3-5 hours
 Peristalsis (the involuntary constriction and
relaxation of the muscles) moves the
chyme to the pyloric valve
 Pyloric valve (sphincter) relaxes and lets
chyme proceed in small amounts to the
duodenum
 Stomach empties and lies in folds called
rugae
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Duodenum
first part of the small intestine
 Small intestine- entero
 Digestion occurs in proximal
duodenum
 C-shaped and is 10-12 inches in
length
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Function of the Duodenum
 Chyme enters duodenum
 Digestive enzymes are added by the
pancreas and gallbladder to further break
down the chyme
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Structures and Medical Terms
of the Lower GI System
Small intestine – entero - is
divided up into three segments
Duodenum – duodeno - (part of the
upper GI system) complete
digestion occurs in the proximal
duodenum and absorption in the
distal duodenum
Jejunum – jejuno - more absorption
Ileum - ileo - final absorption of
nutrients
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Small Intestine
(Entero)
primary function
Receives enzymes from
accessory organs
Breaks down fats, CHO, and
proteins to be absorbed by the
blood and lymph capillaries
Absorption of nutrients
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Villi
Throughout the whole length of the
small intestine are tiny finger-like
projections called ‘villi’. Through
the villi 85% of all nutrients are
absorbed into the bloodstream for
delivery to cells
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 Completion of digestion and absorption
of nutrients occurs in the small intestine
Completed in 4-6 hours
Once completed the waste will move into
the cecum
The orange arrow
Indicates the ileocecal
Valve. The cecum is the
first part of the large I
Intestine.
The green arrow is
the appendix
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Large Intestinecolo, colono
 Water and waste products stored here
 Wide and about 5’ in length
 Has no villi, does not coil or lie in folds, and
is divided into different areas by nameascending, transverse, descending, and
sigmoid
 Water reabsorbed back into the body
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Rectum and Anus (procto)
Rectum – (recto) - 5 inches and
terminates at the anal canal
Anus – (ano) - has internal and
external sphincter muscles
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Accessory Organs
and
their functions
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 Liver
Largest glandular organ in the body
Manufactures bile (chole)-exocrine
function
Liver Hepato
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Gallbladder
(cholecysto)
Muscular sac
Function is to store and release bile
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Pancreas- pancreato
Long fish tail shaped
adds digestive juices to breakdown
CHO, fats, proteins- exocrine
function
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Peritoneum
Lining of the walls of the
abdominal cavity
Large sheet of serous
membranes
Contains small amounts of
fluid that permits organs to
glide freely without friction
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Folds of peritoneum that support the
small intestine
Between the folds are blood, lymph
and nerve supply for the small intestine
Mesentery
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Pathology of the
Digestive System
 Oral Cavity
Stomatitisinflammation of the
mouth
Gingivitisinflammation of the
gums
Halitosisbad breath
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Esophagus/ esophago
 Dysphagia- difficulty swallowing
 Gastroesophageal reflux diseasebackflow of gastric contents into the
esophagus
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* Hiatal Hernia
The hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm
-- the muscular wall separating the chest
cavity from the abdomen. Normally, the
esophagus (food pipe) goes through the
hiatus and attaches to the stomach. In a
hiatal hernia (also called hiatus hernia)
the stomach bulges up into the chest
through that hiatus.
There are two main types of hiatal hernias:
sliding and paraesophageal (next to the
esophagus).
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Stomach- gastro
 Gastritis- inflammation of the stomach
 Dyspepsia- indigestion
 Nausea-a feeling of sickness in the
stomach causing an urge to vomit
 Emesis- vomiting
 Eructation- burping
 Ulcer (gastric)- an open sore of the
mucus membrane
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Small and Large
Intestine
Ileitis- inflammation of the ileum
Enteritis- inflammation of the small
intestine
Crohn’s disease- inflammation in the
small intestine- usually the ileum
Colitis- inflammation of the large
intestine
Flatus- a reflex that expels intestinal
gas through the anus
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 Obstipation- Severe constipation
 Borborygmus- bowel sounds
 Ascites- abnormal build-up of fluid in the
abdomen
 Appendicitis- inflammation of the appendix
 Diverticulitis- inflammation of a sac or
pouch in the intestinal tract
 Celiac sprue- a genetic disorder caused by
an allergy to gluten, sets off an
autoimmune response that causes damage
to the small intestine which causes
malabsorption
 Hemorrhoids-veins around the anus or
lower rectum are swollen and inflamed
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Liver- hepato
Hepatitis- inflammation of the liver
Jaundice- yellowing condition
Cirrhosis- condition characterized
by irreversible scarring of the liver
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Gallbladder- cholecysto
Cholecystitis- inflammation of the
gallbladder
Cholelithiasis- gallstones
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Pancreas- pancreato
Pancreatitis- inflammation of the
pancreas
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Psychological
Anorexia nervosa - without appetite
Bulimia - binging and purging
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Procedures of the
Digestive System
 Gastrectomy- removal of the stomach
 Colectomy- removal of the colon
 Cholecystectomy- removal of the
gallbladder
 Stomaplasty- surgical repair of the mouth
 Biliary lithotripsy- crushing of gallstones
 Appendectomy- removal of the appendix
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Vagotomy- incision of the vagus
nerve
Colostomy- forming an opening in
the colon
Colotomy- incision of the colon
Anastomosis- a surgical connection
between two tubes
Ileostomy- forming an opening in
the ileum
Bariatric surgery- treatment for
morbid obesity
(stapling,banding,shortening)
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Colostomy
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Bariatric Surgery
Vertical banded gastroplasty
Roux-enY gastric
bypass (RGB)
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Diagnostic Procedures
Sigmoidoscopy- visual examination
of the sigmoid colon
Hemoccult- hidden blood
Stool culture- lab testing feces for
microorganisms
Upper GI series- (UGIS) Upper
gastrointestinal series-testing the
structures of the upper digestive tract
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Colonscopy- visual examination of
the large intestine
Liver biopsy- excision of liver tissue
for pathological study
Endoscopy- visual examination
within
Lower GI series- (LGIS) lower
gastrointestinal seriestesting the
structures of the lower digestive
tract
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Abbreviations
TPN- total parenteral nutrition
po- by mouth
BM- bowel movement
ac- before meals
NG- nasogastric
PUD- peptic ulcer disease
UGIS- upper gastrointestinal
serier
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GI- gastrointestinal
NPO- nothing by mouth
pc- after meals
FBS- fasting blood sugar
BaE, BE- barium enema
BS-n bowel sounds
HAV, HBV, HCV- hepatitis A,B,C
virus
RGB- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
GER(D)- gastroesophageal
reflux (disease)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Medications
 Laxatives- purgatives
Senokot, Miralax, Dulcolax
 Antispasmodics- against spasm-IBS
Robinul
 Antiemetics- against vomiting
Compazine, Zofran
 Antacids- against acid
Mylanta, Rolaids, Tums
 Antidiarrheals- against-to relieve diarrhea
Imodium
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Homework
Study for integumentary test using pgs. 56 and 67
in syllabus
Complete pgs. 63-67 (syllabus)
Complete pgs. 152-164(book)
Term Plus Digestive-TE and MV
www.fadavis.com study questions for chapter 6
Read pgs. 166-194 (book)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Review for Integumentary Quiz
Page 67
Define the followingSLE
Alopecia
Nevus
Cellulitis
Hirsutism
Autograft
Dermatitis
Dermatosis
Abrasion
Liposuction
Diaphoresis
Gangrene
Biopsy
Onychomalacia
Erythema
Epidermis
Ecchymosis
Xeroderma
Urticaria
Hidrosis
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Name the two glands (use medical
terms) located in skin
Describe burns and tell what areas of
skin they affect
Name the three layers of skin
ANY QUESTIONS??
Business 86, Medical Terminology