Transcript Persons involved

Interaction Ecologies
Henrik Enquist, Konrad Tollmar.
Lund University
Aino Vonge Corry
Aarhus University
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Complementing visions
Ubiquitous computing
Palpable computing
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invisibility
scalability
construction
heterogeneity
change
automation
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
visibility*
understandability
de-construction*
coherence
stability
user control*
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Application areas
• Healthcare
• Emergency services
• Landscape architecture
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
www.istpalcom.org
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Case study
• Pregnancy and early maternity
• Skejby Hospital, Denmark
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
It’s not only complex…
Some issues:
• Paper work
• Coordination
• Visibility
• Locations
• Participation
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
…it’s a jungle !
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Designers to the rescue!
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Work
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Field studies
Workshops
Cultural probes
Prototyping
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Experimental prototypes
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Prototype design
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Some findings
• Design issues
• Yet another device!
– Swiss army knife
– It is something special
• Empowerment
• Gender issues
• New (mental) model of information and
interaction
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Aspects of interaction
• Privacy / control
• Overview / inspection
• Clinical / personal data
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
To sum up
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Lots of devices
Lots of people
Lots of activities
Lots of possibilities
– Open but fairly stable situation
• Two related examples:
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Vision of the Future
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Some issues
• How are we affected by this situation in our
everyday life?
• How does this inform us as designers in a
constructive way?
• How will this change our view on artefacts
and their use?
• How do we communicate this change of the
way we relate to clusters of artefacts?
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Ecology in biology
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applied ecology, the practice of employing ecological principles and understanding to solve real world problems
(includes agroecology and conservation biology);
biogeochemistry, effect of biota on global chemistry, and the cycles of matter and energy that transport the Earth's
chemical components in time and space.
biogeography, the study of the geographic distributions of species ;
chemical ecology, which deals with the ecological role of biological chemicals used in a wide range of areas including
defense against predators and attraction of mates;
conservation ecology, which studies how to reduce the risk of species extinction;
ecological succession, which focuses on understanding directed vegetation change;
ecophysiology which studies the interaction of physiological traits with the abiotic environment;
ecotoxicology, which looks at the ecological role of toxic chemicals (often pollutants, but also naturally occurring
compounds);
evolutionary ecology or ecoevolution which looks at evolutionary changes in the context of the populations and
communities in which the organisms exist;
fire ecology, which looks at the role of fire in the environment of plants and animals and its effect on ecological
communities;
functional ecology, the study of the roles, or functions, that certain species (or groups thereof) play in an ecosystem;
global ecology, which examines ecological phenomena at the largest possible scale, addressing macroecological
questions;
landscape ecology, which studies the interactions between discrete elements of a landscape;
macroecology, the study of large scale phenomena;
marine ecology, and aquatic ecology, where the dominant environmental milieu is water;
microbial ecology, the ecology of micro-organisms;
microecology, the study of small scale phenomena;
paleoecology, which seeks to understand the relationships between species in fossil assemblages;
restoration ecology, which attempts to understand the ecological basis needed to restore impaired or damaged
ecosystems;
soil ecology, the ecology of the pedosphere;
theoretical ecology, the development of ecological theory, usually with mathematical, statistical and/or computer
modeling tools;
urban ecology, the study of ecosystems in urban areas.
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Interdisciplinary ecology
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Ecological Engineering
Ecological Economics
Human Ecology
Social Ecology
Anthropological Ecology
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Metaphoric ecology
• Media Ecology
– Media environments
• Information Ecology
– (Nardi & O’Day)
– Library as an example
• Ecology of Artefacts
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(Krippendorff)
Species of artefacts
Ecological meanings
Different interaction types
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Key properties
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System
Diversity
Coevolution
Keystone species
Locality
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Possible (inter)actor categories
• Software represents any component such as
computational code, policies, norms, rules,
procedures, practices, and any other formal or
informal rules that defines the way in which the
different components of the system interact with each
other and with the external environment.
• Hardware represents any physical and
nonhuman/non-living component of the system, such
as equipment, vehicles, tools, manuals, and signs.
• Liveware represents any human (or other living)
components in their relational and communicational
aspects.
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Affordance
”The affordance of anything is a
specific combination of the physical
properties of the environment that is
uniquely suited to a given animal”
(Gibson 1977)
• Relationships and properties (Gibson)
• Perceived affordance (Norman)
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Interaction Ecology
• Focus on interaction and meaning
– Making sense of complex relationships and
activities
• It’s a living thing
– Semi-permeable system
– Dynamically created and maintained
• Non-hierarchical ’interactors’
– Actants (ANT)
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Where do we go from here?
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...model for inspiration
...model for informing designers
...model for evaluation of a design
...model for describing a design
…(fill in the blanks)
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies
Thank you
Questions ? (…please ;)
SeFun International Seminar / 6th Nordcode Seminar & Workshop, Helsinki, 6-8 May 2007
Henrik Enquist et al. Interaction Ecologies