Transcript Digestion ppt Sarah

Day 1 Digestion
"No legacy is so rich as
honesty."
-William Shakespeare
Today’s Agenda
Return tests
Obj 1
Anatomy of Dig.
Practice
Obj. 1
Functions of the Digestive
System
• Break down macromolecules
found in food into smaller parts
• Absorb nutrients into circulatory
& lymphatic systems
Obj. 1: Alimentary Canal
• The continuous
hollow tube
that extends
from the
mouth to the
anus
Alimentary Canal:
Examples
• Mouth (Oral Cavity)
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Large Intestine
Accessory Digestive
Organs
• Organs and glands which lie
outside of the alimentary
canal, but assist the
process of digestive
breakdown
Accessory Organs:
Examples
• Liver
• Pancreas
• Gall Bladder
• Teeth/Tongue
What is the
difference between
the alimentary canal
and the accessory
organs?
Are these organs in the A.C. or
are they accessory organs?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stomach
Liver
Esophagus
Large Intestine
Gall Bladder
Mouth
Pancreas
Are these organs in the A.C. or
are they accessory organs?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Stomach – A. C.
Liver – Accessory
Esophagus – A. C.
Large Intestine – A. C.
Gall Bladder – Accessory
Mouth – A. C.
Pancreas – Accessory
Digestion
Worksheet
Today’s Agenda
1. Objective 2
2. Teeth: Obj. 5
3. Saliva, Chewing &
Swallowing: Obj. 7-8
4. Intro to the Stomach
Obj. 2: Major Digestive
Processes
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ingestion
Propulsion
Mechanical Digestion
Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Egestion
Peritoneum
• Peritoneum is the serous
membrane lining the
interior of the abdominal
cavity & covering the
surfaces of abdominal
organs
Peritoneum
• Includes the omenta and
the mesentary
Functions of the Mouth
• Mechanical Breakdown
– Mastication
• Chemical Breakdown
– Salivary Amylase:
Carbohydrates
Obj. 5
Tooth Structure
Obj. 5 cont
Tooth Structure
• Enamel: acellular, brittle, mineralized
• Dentin: bonelike material, forms bulk
of tooth
• Pulp: supplies nutrients & provides
tooth sensations
• Cementum: calcified connective
tissue
Obj. 5 cont
Diagram of a
CAVITY
In each of the next frames,
what part of the tooth is
being effected?
Obj. 5
cont
Deciduous & Permanent Teeth
•
Obj. 5
Deciduous Teeth
• Also called baby or milk teeth
• 20 teeth by 2 years old
Permanent Teeth
• 32 teeth, start erupting by 6-7 yrs old
• Dental Formula:
Right
Left
• 2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M X 2 = 32 teeth
2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M
• Incisors, Cuspids, Bicuspids, Molars
Teeth
• How many permanent teeth do you have if
you had your wisdom teeth taken out?
• What is the hardest part of the tooth?
• Name the 4 categories of teeth.
• Where is the root canal of the tooth
located?
Go to 7 show
Today’s Agenda
• Review
• Quiz
• Cat Dissection Lab
• Stomach:
– Notes on Obj. 6, 9 & 10
Review
• Name the organs of the alimentary
canal and the accessory organs.
• What are the differences between
deciduous and permanent teeth?
• How does saliva help you to digest
your food?
Review
**Take a look at your
digestive diagram**
QUIZ
Cat Dissection Lab
Today’s Agenda 2/28
• Stomach: Obj. 6, 9 & 10
• Small Intestine: Obj. 6,
11, & 12
What did you
remember about the
pig stomach we saw
yesterday?
Functions of the Stomach
• Mechanical Breakdown
– Food is liquefied
– Mixing
• Chemical Breakdown
– Protein digestion (Pepsin)
Final Result: Chyme
Gastric juice?
Obj. 9: Gastric
Juices
• 3-4 L/day
• HCl
produceds by
parietal cells
• Zymogenic
cells secrete
pepsin.
Obj. 10 Regulation
• Cephalic phase- sight, smell
• Gastric phase-stomach
distension and pH
• Intestinal phase-food
reaches small intestine,
stimulates
The Stomach
• How is the stomach designed
to do its job?
• Name the 3 different phases
of stomach regulation and how
each effects hunger.
• What is in gastric juice?
What are the regions
of the Small Intestine?
What are the regions
of the Small Intestine?
• Duodenum
• Jejunum
• Ileum
Functions of the Small
Intestine
• Mixes chyme with bile,
pancreatic juice, and
intestinal juice
• Propels food to the large
intestine
Functions of the Small
Intestine
• Digestion and Absorption
of:
– Carbohydrates
– Proteins
– Lipids
– Nucleic Acids
Nutrients are actively transported
from microvilli to the bloodstream:
Objective 11: Absorption in
the small intestine
• Complete the handout entitled
– “Digestion in the the small
intestine” to cover the
information as to how nutrients
are absorbed in the small
intestine.
Today’s Agenda
• Obj. 12 Notes
• Stomach Acid Review
• Antacid Lab
Obj. 12: Role of bile,
bicarbonate ions in pancreatic
juice
• Bile:
• Made continuously in liver and
stored in gallbladder
• Contains electrolytes, bile
salts, bile pigments
• Enters at duodenum
• Fuction: Emulsifies lipids
Obj. 12: Role of bile,
bicarbonate ions in pancreatic
juice
• Bile:
• Fuction: Emulsifies lipids
Obj. 12: Role of bile,
bicarbonate ions in pancreatic
juice
• Bicarbonate Ions:
– Fuction: neutralizes the acidic
chyme
– Act as buffers to prevent large pH
changes
• The release of bile and
bicarbonate ions are controlled
by hormones
Stomach Acid
• What’s in your gastric juice?
• What’s heartburn?
Antacid Lab
Today’s Agenda
• Finish Small Intestine WS and
Lab
• Obj. 14: Large Intestine
• Large Intestine Disorders
Obj. 14: Structure & Function of
Large Intestine
• Functions include:
a. Absorption of water
b. Absorption of electrolytes
c. Absorption of vitamins (B&K)
made by bacteria
d. Defecation
Obj. 14 (cont.)
• Defecation is triggered by feces
entering the rectum.
• The walls of the rectum contract to
move stool.
• Movement is aided by the Valsava
maneuver. In this maneuver we close
the glottis, contract the diaphragm and
abdominal walls to create pressure
distally.
Can you name 3
accessory organs?
Functions of the Liver
• Produces bile and other
LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT
digestive enzymes
SLIDES
Function of Gall Bladder
• Stores and
releases bile
Function of the Pancreas
• A gland that produces many
digestive enzymes and
bicarbonate