Transcript Salt Water Biome

Salt Water Biome
Daniel Parmet
Matan Ayash
Yakir Gola
Mangrove Swamps - coastal wetlands found in tropical
and subtropical regions
 Climate
-Tropical and subtropical coasts of Africa, Australia, Asia
and North and South America.
-In the U.S., mangroves are commonly found in Florida.
-Tend to be in warmer places
Mangrove Biome
 Animal Species
-Billions of worms, protozoa, barnacles, oysters, (and other
invertebrates), which in turn feed fish and shrimp, which
support wading birds, pelicans, and the endangered
Crocodile.
 Plant Species
-halophytic (salt loving) trees, shrubs and other plants growing
in brackish to saline tidal waters
-Mangrove trees dominate this wetland ecosystem due to their
ability to survive in both salt and fresh water
Mangrove Biome
 These swamps often found in estuaries, where fresh
water meets salt water
 Human impacts on mangroves have been severe in
some places, and include dredging, filling, diking, oil
spills, and runoff of human waste and herbicides. Some
coastal development results in total loss of habitat
Oceans - Major bodies of saline water and a principal component of
the hydrosphere, and approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is
covered by oceans. 5 oceans – Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern,
Arctic
 Climate
 Average temperature of all oceans is about 39 degrees
F
 Parts of ocean near equator are warmer, whereas
those closer to far north and far south are colder
Ocean Biome
 Animals:
 Radiata
 Fish
 Cetacea such as whales, dolphins, and porpoises
 Cephalopods such as octopus and squid
 Crustaceans such as lobsters, clams, shrimp and krill
 Marine worms
 Plankton
 Echinoderms such as starfish and sea cucumbers
Ocean Biome
 Plant Species
 Seaweed, seagrass, kelp, algae
 Human Impact
 Oil Spills, overfishing, ballast water, invasive species,
etc.
Estuaries Biome
 Animals: Fish and bottom dwellers than can tolerate a wide
range of salinity, birds, crocodiles, crabs, snakes, and many
different insects.
 Human impact: very important place for human civilizations
since perfect place for commerce and shipping. Also very
important for fishing communities.
 Estuaries are bodies of water formed where freshwater from
rivers or streams connect with salt ocean water. The mixed
water is called brackish, and the salinity may fluctuate
dramatically for example depending on freshwater input
from rains and waves and tides influences from the ocean.
Estuary areas include river mouths, bays, lagoons and salt
marshes.
Coastal Biome
 Coastal Oceans are waters that lie above the continental
shelf. This is where most of fish come from, where the coral
reefs grow and we we swim and play.
 In fact, while the oceans cover 71% of Earth, only 7% of that
makes up the coastal oceans. This small strip of land is
affected adversely by humans in many ways including: overfishing, industrial pollution, and agricultural runoff.
 These practices may in turn affect us as fish availability
varies, algal blooms occasionally occur, and water quality
fluctuates through time.
Coastal Biome
 Overall, coastal oceans can be generalized more easily by dividing
them up into temperate and tropical coastal areas.
 In tropical coastlines there is a habitat for coral reefs, which have
much more biodiversity.
 This zone is also one of the most important for humans. While they
cover only a very small percentage of total ocean body, they
harbor most of the seafood caught for human consumption.
 Fish species worldwide: 28,000
 Cnidarians (seapens/Jellyfish/corals) worldwide: 11,000
 Crustaceans worldwide: 52,000
Coral Reef Biome
 Water temperature: Require warm ocean temperatures
which is 68 to 82 F, or in 20 to 28 C. Warm water flows along
the eastern shores of major land masses.
 Animal species:
Corals are colonies of made up of tiny animals called polyps.
Some examples: Sponges, nudibranchs, fish, jellyfish,
anemones, sea stars, crustaceans (like crabs, shrimp, and
lobsters), turtles, sea snakes, snails, and mollusks (like
octopuses, nautilus, and clams)
Coral Reef Biome
 Plant species: Mainly algae and seagrasses. These 2
are the most important element in the entire reef
ecosystem. The algae can range in various sizes. They
can be simple plants such as the seaweeds
 Salinity: The best salinity is between 34 and 37 parts
per 1000. The appropriate temperatures and salinities
are most often found in the tropics.
 Wind/tides: Winds and currents are really important in
shaping individual reefs and in determining the
orientation and shape of the coral reef.
Coral Reef Biome
 They commonly form on the more protected leeward
end of the reef. Wind action at low tide on these
deposits may build above the high water mark
 Human impact: Have become threatened by human
activities throughout the world. In southeast Asia, the
hot spot of coral diversity, more than 80% of the reefs
are at risk from coastal development and harmful
fishing practices
Coastal Marshes Biome
 Water temperature: As runoff flows across paved roads
and parking lots into coastal marshes, water
temperature rises. More often happens in small tidal
creeks. Because these areas are often naturally low in
dissolved oxygen, further increases in temperature can
push oxygen levels toward zero, (mostly in the
summer.)
 Animal species: In the marshes, if oil gets in it can
affect many animals. It can kill the tiny planktonic larvae
and eggs of adult fish, shrimp, jellyfish, squid, and
numerous other species.
Coastal Marshes Biome
 Plant species: They may vary geographically, however the
basic physical conditions that define the ecosystems share
similar characteristics across the region. In general, they
are defined by periodic tidal inundation, dominance of salttolerant herbaceous plants and a rate of net primary
production that is among the highest of all the world’s
ecosystems.
 Salinity: Salinity varies widely, from 1 to over 50 ppt in salt
marshes. Net primary production (above-ground plant
material) may also be highly variable. Although production
has been estimated in only a few Florida salt marshes, the
range spans from 130 to 2500 grams dry mass per square
meter per year
Coastal Marshes Biome
 Wind/tides: Marshes are susceptible to wind-driven
waves. Worsening the saltwater intrusion is coastal
subsidence, a natural compaction or sinking of marsh
sediments, which further stresses marsh vegetation by
increasing the duration of flooding.
 The wind constantly creates waves that keep the open
water turbid and unproductive. The result is a coastal
region that is eroding at an alarming rate.
Coastal Marshes Biome
 Human impact: Coastlines of marshes are highly
vulnerable to human impacts from daily activities that
put pressure on these surrounding natural
environments. Marshes were once known as coastal
‘wastelands,’ when they were causing considerable
loss and change of these ecosystems through land
reclamation for agriculture, urban development, salt
production and recreation. Ultimately there are the
indirect effects of human activities such as nitrogen
loading also play a major role in the coastal marsh
areas.
Coastal Marsh Biome
Coastal Biome
Coral Reef Biome
Mangrove Swamps Biome
Ocean Biome
Estuary Biome