Transcript Review for Test

Ch. 6
Population and Community
Ecology Review
Define:
1. Population
2. Community
3. Ecosystem
1. All the individuals of the same species that live
in a given area at a particular time.
2. All the populations or organisms within a given
area.
3. All the biotic and abiotic factors in a given
area.
2
Predation is similar to _____ in
that both types of relationship
benefit one of the interacting
species while the other is harmed
Parasitism
3
An ecosystem’s carrying capacity
for a population is determined by…
Space, food, energy, water
4
The concept that two species
cannot occupy the same ecological
niche is called…
The Competitive Exclusion principle
5
The dividing up of limited assets,
materials, and other desired items so
that species with similar needs use
them at different times, in different
ways, or in different places is known
as….
Resource Partitioning
6
Which survivorship curve you would
expect to find for a mosquito?
Type III
7
After a forested area such as a
national forest is clear-cut, what
type of succession occurs?
Secondary
8
Some predators feed preferentially on
the most abundant prey. This
influence on an individual’s survival
and reproduction due to the size of
the population is called…
Density dependent
9
Which of the following survivorship
curve would correspond best with a
species that is a k-strategist?
A
B
A
C
10
A population of rabbits, introduced to
an island, has rapid growth for a few
years; then its growth slows. The
population becomes stable because…
It reaches carrying capacity
11
The first plant community that
forms on bare rock…
Lichen and moss
12
During the winter of 1999, minimum
temperatures did not get much below
freezing in an Oregon pond, and the
following summer large mosquito
populations were observed. In the
winter of 2000, frost came early, and
most ponds froze for 3 months. In the
following summer, very low mosquito
populations were observed. This is an
example of…
Density Independent factor
13
If similar species each occupy a
smaller niche when they live
together than they would if they
lived alone, they are said to be….
Partitioning resources
14
Which type of population
distribution…
1. Is the most common
2. can enhance protection from
predators
3. Rare in nature
1. Clumped
2. Clumped
3. Random
15
1. What is the population doubling
time in years for a country with
an annual growth rate of 3.5
percent?
2. 5%
1. 20 years
2. 14 years
16
Which of the following is NOT likely to
characterize pioneer plant species
involved in primary succession?
a. able to tolerate intense sunlight
b. able to tolerate low nutrient levels
c. produces many small seeds that can
travel great distances
d. slow-growing, long-lived perennial
e. small size
d
17
Ecologist Paul Ehrlich likened species in
a community to rivets holding together
an airplane. To paraphrase he implied
that airplanes can lose some of their
rivets with no ill effects, but may suffer
catastrophic failures if one too many are
lost. We could extend this analogy to
state that some rivets are so crucial that
they must be retained for the integrity
of the airplane. These “crucial” rivets
represent
Keystone species
18
On the slopes of the Carolina Appalachian
Mountains, ecologists have studied some
closely related plethodontid salamander
species for decades. Many of these
salamander species, when they occur in
separate valleys from each other, tend to
have very similar food size choices.
However, when these species occur together
in a mountain valley, their food choices tend
to differ, with some species selecting small
insects and others feeding exclusively on
larger insects. This may be an example of…
Resource partitioning
19
How do metapopulations
contribute to the preservation of
biodiversity?
Small populations are more vulnerable,
occasional immigrants can add to the
size of a small population and introduce
genetic diversity.
20
T or F
As we move from the equator
toward the North or South pole the
number of species declines.
True
21
What two factors are the basis for
the theory of island biogeography?
Size of the habitat and the distance of
that habitat from a colonizing species
22
1. Parasitism
2. Parasitism
3. Mutualism
4. Commensalism
5. Mutualism
6. Mutualism
7. Mutualism
8. Predation
Identify the Relationship
1. Tapeworms in the human gut
2. Humans and the protozoa that
cause malaria
3. Cows and the bacteria in their
gut
4. A bird building its nest in a tree
5. Fungi and algae within a lichen
6. Flowering plants and their
pollinators
7. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and
legume plants
8. A carnivorous plant and the
insect it captures and digests.
23
Draw two graphs…
1. One representing logistic growth.
2. The other representing exponential
growth.
1. Logistic growth
2. Exponential growth
24