Transcript Competition - University at Buffalo

Habitat vs. Niche
• Habitat is a place
• Niche is a pattern of living
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Space utilization
Food consumption
Temperature range
Appropriate mating conditions
Competition
What is needed for competition to occur?
an individual must have the ability to acquire
resources and in doing so, makes those resources
limited to others
Resource competition = A
inhibits
inhibits
B
Types of Competition
Interference Competition
fighting over resources
Exploitative Competition
consuming shared resources
Results of competition
1. One species wins and the other becomes extinct
Competitive Exclusion Principle
complete competitors cannot co-exist
(Gause’s Principle)
2. Co-existence shared habitat
a. Shifting advantages e.g. Flour beetles
b. Populations are maintain below
competitive levels e.g. Influences
such as disease and predation
Example
Results of competition cont
c. Resource
partitioning: species require different
parts of the same resource e.g.. Wood Warblers
http://aves.net/photoindex/wood-warblers.html
Results of competition cont
d. Evolution and Character Displacement
e.g. Galapagos Finches
Competition
Relationships between species
species A
species B
Neutralism =no interactions producing effects on A/B
Mutualism
A
(+)
(+)
B
Competition
A
(-)
(-)
B
Predation
A
(+)
(-)
B
Predator
prey
Mutualism
Symbiotic relationships between species
Parasitism
A
(+)
Parasite
(-)
B
host
Commensalism
A
(+)
B
Amensalism
A
(-)
B
Commensalism and Amensalism
Parasitism
Keystone
species
http://divebums.com/FishID/Page
s/giant_spined_star.html
http://divebums.com/FishID/Pages/sunflower_star.html
Competition
Extinction
Co-existence
Evolution
Low
Population
density
Extinction
Extinction
More competition
Less
competition
Resource
partitioning