Transcript predation - Houston ISD

12A
Interpret relationships
(predation, parasitism,
commensalism, mutualism,
competition) among organisms
An organisms role in its
environment…
• An organisms habitat is the area where it
lives.
• In any environment, every species fills a
unique niche.
• A niche includes the conditions and resources
a species’ needs for survival and how it
obtains these resources.
Relationships between Organisms
COMPETITION
THE DEMAND BY TWO OR MORE
ORGANISMS FOR LIMITED RESOURCES
SUCH AS FOOD, WATER OR SHELTER
PREDATION
INTERACTION IN WHICH ONE
ORGANISM CAPTURES AND FEEDS
ON ANOTHER ORGANISM
PREDATOR
•LION
• THE ORGANISM
CAPTURING AND
FEEDING ON
ANOTHER
ORGANISM (THE
PREY)
PREY
•HIPPO
• ORGANISM
BEING EATEN
PARASITISM
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH
ONE ORGANISM LIVES IN OR ON
ANOTHER ORGANISM & CAUSES IT
HARM
PARASITE
•TICK
• ORGANISM
LIVING IN OR
ON ANOTHER
ORGANISM
CAUSING IT
HARM
HOST
•DOG
• ORGANISM
BEING
HARMED BY
PARASITE
COMMENSALISM
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH
ONE ORGANISM BENEFITS & ANOTHER
ORGANISM IS NEITHER HARMED NOR
BENEFITS
Whale & Barnacle
Egrets & Cattle
MUTUALISM
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH
BOTH ORGANISMS BENEFIT
Clown Fish & Anemone
Flowers & Bees
12C
Analyze the flow of matter & E
through trophic levels using
various models (food webs,
food chains, and ecological
pyramids).
AUTOTROPH
• aka
PRODUCER
• an organism that captures E from
sunlight or chemicals & use it to
produce its own food
ex: most plants
HETEROTROPH
• aka
CONSUMER
• an organism that obtains E from the
food it consumes
ex: humans, snakes, rhino, jaguar
PRIMARY
CONSUMER
SECONDARY CONSUMER
TERTIARY CONSUMER
QUATERNARY CONSUMER
HERBIVORE
• Organism that obtains E from eating
plants
OMNIVORE
• Organism that obtains E by eating
both plants & animals
CARNIVORE
• Organism that obtains E by eating
animals
DETRITIVORE
• aka DECOMPOSER
• Organism that feeds on dead plant &
animal material & other dead matter
SCAVENGER
• Animals that eat dead animals
Ex: Vultures, Tasmanian devils
FOOD CHAIN
• the sequence of who eats whom in a
biological community (an ecosystem)
to obtain nutrition.
• starts with the primary energy
source
• Ends with the top predator
FOOD CHAIN
Quaternary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Secondary consumer
Primary consumer
Producer
FOOD WEB
• Let’s put some food chains
together…
Label the
organisms in
your notes.
*organisms
can have
more than 1
label.
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID
• Represents the producers and
consumers in an ecosystem in a
pyramid shaped-diagram.
Where does all E come from?
As you go up trophic levels,
10% of Energy is lost. Why?
Most of the E is
available at
what level?
Biological Magnification
the increasing concentration of
toxic substances within each
successive link in the food chain
As you go up trophic levels, the
number contaminants increases.
Fill in the
boxes with
dots to
represent the
toxic
contaminant.
Do your
boxes look
like this?