Transcript Homeroom Time 7:45-8:30

Interactions
• How doORGANISMS in anECOSYSTEM
interact?
– ORGANISMS in an ecosystem interact with plants,
animals and theirENVIRONMENT.
– INTERACTIONS can cause populations toINCREASE
or DECREASE.
– INTERACTIONS can also cause theECOSYSTEM to
change.
Stability
• What is a stableECOSYSTEM?
– A stableECOSYSTEM is one in which
thePOPULATION and resources change in
aPREDICTABLE manner.
– In a stableECOSYSTEM, there is healthy
balance betweenPREDATOR and PREY.
Predation
• What isPREDATION?
– AnINTERACTION
species in
whichPREDATORS eat
PREY.
– This
healthyRELATIONSHIP
balances the
populations within
anECOSYSTEM.
– Example:lions eating
gazelles in a grassland
regulate the number
ofgazelles in the
grassland.
Impact of Predation
• How does thePREDATOR/ prey
relationship affect POPULATION ?
– If the number of prey in aPOPULATION
increases then the number ofPREDATORS
will also increase.
– If the number ofPREDATORS decreases,
then the number of prey willINCREASE.
Competition
• What isCOMPETITION?
– When species within
anECOSYSTEM
compete for the
sameRESOURCES.
– Organisms in
anECOSYSTEM
compete for:
• FOOD
• WATER
• SPACE
– Example: In the ocean,
dolphins, whales and
large fish all compete
for smaller fish.
Symbiotic Relationships
Living together in a close environment
• Symbiosis = __________________________
– Sym = same time, together
– Bio = life
• Co-exist: synonym or antonym?
To work together towards
• Cooperate means ___________________
a common end goal or purpose (think group work)
_______________________________________
Attack of the Killer Fungi!
• Cordyceps - Planet Earth
• Make note:
– Is an organism benefiting?
– Is an organism being harmed?
– Can you connect this type of relationship
to something you have already learned?
The 3 symbiotic relationships
• A. Mutualism (+/+)
– Both organisms benefit
• B. Parasitism(+/-)
– 1 organsism benefits, another is harmed
• C. Commensalism(+/o)
– 1 organism benefits, other is unaffected
Let’s recall…
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
both organisms
benefit
one organism
benefits
one organism
is unaffected
one organism
benefits
one organism
is harmed
Mutualism
Both organisms benefit from interaction
Organism One
Organism Two
Anemone & Clown Fish
This fish lives its entire
adult life among the
tentacles of a bulb- tentacle
sea anemone. Clown fish do
not get stung by the
anemone as would most
other fish so they get
protection from predators.
The fish often drop food
scraps which the anemones
can eat.
Commensalism
One organism benefits, the other is not affected.
Organism One
Organism Two
Shark & Remora
The remora attaches itself
to the shark and saves
energy since it doesn’t
have to swim, and it gets to
snack on the sharks kills.
The shark doesn’t get
anything.
Parasitism
One organism benefits and the other organism (host) is
harmed
Organism One
Organism Two
Loa Loa Worm & Human
This worm
infects the
human blood
stream and gets a
nice warm safe
home there. The
human may go
blind or have
other
complications as
a result.
Cooperation
Working together so all organisms benefit
Ants!
Despite having different jobs, all
ants work together for the
good of their colony.
Competition
• Fighting for resources- food, water, shelter,
mates
Red Deer
During mating season,
red deer males will
get in many fights to
be considered the
best male for the
females to mate.
Predation
One animal hunts, the other is the food
Predation
The killer whale
swims beneath the
seals and then goes
up towards the
surface, scooping
part of the seal in
its mouth.
What kind of interaction?
You will see real life examples of the interactions
addressed in the powerpoint.
Honey bees
Honey bees
have specific
roles to
complete for
the success of
the colony.
What interaction is this?
cooperation
Boxer Crab & Anemones
This Boxer Crab
carries a pair of
stinging anemones in
its claws, which it uses
to defend itself from
predators. The
anemones get to move
around which
increases their food
supply.
What interaction is this?
mutualism
Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber
This tiny emperor shrimp is
riding along on the back of a
sea cucumber (a long wormlike starfish relative) while it
crawls along a sandy bottom.
The shrimp gets to travel
around under the protection of
its much larger partner, and
the sea cucumber doesn't
seem to mind.
What interaction is this?
commensalism
The Purple Sea Star
The purple sea star
consistently feeds
on the barnacles
that are the
greatest number.
They all feed on the
same type of
barnacles.
What interaction is this?
competition
Cattle & Cattle Egrets
As these cattle walk
around eating grass they
stir up lots of insects. The
egrets hang around and
get a yummy meal of
insects.
What interaction is this?
commensalism
Antelope & Ox Bird
This ox bird
hangs out on the
antelope and gets
a delicious meal
of bugs living on
the antelope. The
antelope gets rid
of parasites.
What interaction is this?
mutualism
Dragonflies and mosquitoes
predation
Dragonflies eat
mosquito
larvae and fully
mature
mosquitoes.
What interaction is this?
Goby and Alpheid Shrimp
This alpheid shrimp (on
the right) uses its strong
claws like a bulldozer to
create a burrow in the
sand. The shrimp is nearly
blind. It relies upon its
partner, the sharp-eyed
goby, to warn of danger.
When a potential predator
approaches, both animals
disappear quickly into the
burrow
mutualism
What interaction is this?
Exit Ticket
1. A tick has caused a dog to be diagnosed with Lyme disease. What type of
relationship would this suggest exists between the tick and the dog?
a. mutualism
b. parasitism
c. commensalism d. adaptive
Read the following passage to answer the following 2 questions:
The Green Algae grows on a Tree Sloth. The Green Algae protects and camouflages the
Tree Sloth like a suit of armor.
2. What is this symbiotic relationship?
a. Mutualism
b. Parasitism
c. Commensalism d. Symbiosis
3. What would happen to the population of each species?
a. Green Algae increases; Tree Sloth increases
b. Green Algae increases; Tree Sloth stays the same
c. Green Algae stays the same; Tree Sloth increases
d. Green Algae decreases; Tree Sloth decreases