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Animal Digestion
Objectives
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Identify the various types of digestive
systems found in animals.
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Identify the major parts of the digestive
system and describe their functions.
Terms
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abomasum
absorption
amino acids
anus
avian digestive
system
bile
cecum
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chyme
crop
cud
digestion
digestive system
enzymes
eructated
feces
gizzard
Terms
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intestinal juice
monogastric
digestive system
omasum
organs
pancreatic
amylase
pancreatic juice
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pepsin
pseudo-ruminant
digestive system
reticulum
rumen
ruminant
ruminant digestive
system
Terms
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rumination
salivary amylase
salivary maltase
stomach
trypsin
villi
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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Digestion
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
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Absorption is the process of taking the digested
parts of food into the bloodstream.
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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The digestive system consists of the parts of
the body involved in chewing and digesting food.
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There are four basic types of digestive systems:
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____________________
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_________________
_________________
_________________
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What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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A. The ___________________________, or
simple digestive system, contains a singlechambered stomach and is the type found in
humans, swine, dogs, and cats.
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The__________is a muscular
organ that stores ingested
food and moves it into the
small intestine.
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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The stomach secretes acid that has a low pH of
___________.
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________________________________________
________________________________________
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Animals with this type of digestive system are
better adapted to the use of concentrated feeds,
such as grains, than to the use of large quantities
of roughages.
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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B. The ruminant digestive system, or
____________________________, contains one
large stomach divided into four compartments and is
the type found in cattle, sheep, and goats.
What are the various types of digestive
systems found in animals?
• ___________________________________
___________________________________
• Due to the complexity of its digestive
system, a ruminant can make good use of
roughages.
• ____________ percent of the roughages
fed are digested.
• The compartments of the stomach, in the
order of digestion, are:
• rumen
• reticulum
• omasum
• abomasum
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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1. The_______is the largest section
of the stomach and the first
compartment that the food enters.
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It accounts for approximately 60
percent of the stomach.
________________________________________
________________________________________
The rumen is designed so that food can be
ingested, eructated (belched up), chewed, and
then swallowed again.
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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2. The _____________is the second
segment of the stomach.
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It is sometimes considered an extension of the
rumen.
_____________________________________
It aids in keeping the food in the rumen mixed with
water and saliva until it is the right consistency.
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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3. The __________ is a small compartment
that is the main sight for water absorption.
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The particles are squeezed and dehydrated, as
well as sorted.
________________________________________
___________
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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4. The _______________, or “true stomach,”
is the site of digestion.
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It secretes gastric juices consisting of
____________________________________
These juices kill and then digest the microbes that
have passed with the food materials from the
rumen.
________________________________________
________________________________________
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
C. The _____________________________
is the type found in animals that eat large
amounts of roughages but do
not have stomachs with several compartments.
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This type of digestive system
performs some of the same
functions as the type found
in ruminants.
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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A pseudo-ruminant can utilize large amounts of
roughages because of its greatly enlarged cecum
and large intestine.
________________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
___________________________
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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D. The ____________________________ is
the type found in poultry.
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This system differs greatly
from any other type.
Since a bird has no teeth,
no chewing is involved.
________________________________________
_____________________
What are the various types of
digestive systems found in animals?
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The _________ is where the food is stored and
soaked.
From the crop, the food makes its way to the
gizzard.
The _________ is a very muscular
organ, which normally contains
stones or grit that grinds the
food.
________________________________________
__________________________
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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The digestive system is made up
of a number of ________, which are
parts that perform specialized
functions.
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The digestive system begins at the mouth, where
food enters the body, and continues to the anus,
where undigested material exits the body.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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A. ________________________—The
chewing action of the mouth and teeth
breaks, cuts, and tears up the food.
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This increases the surface area of the
food particles and aids in the
swallowing process.
Saliva not only stimulates the taste
of the food but also contains the
enzymes
_____________________________________.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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_____________are organic catalysts that speed
up the digestive process.
________________changes starch to maltose, or
malt sugar.
____________________changes maltose to
glucose.
Chewed food passes from the mouth to the
stomach through a muscular tube called the
esophagus.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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B.
____________________________________
____________________________________
______________
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The fluids come from
glands in the wall of
the stomach.
The juices contain
from 0.2 to 0.5 percent hydrochloric acid.
This acid stops the action of the amylase from the
mouth.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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The gastric juices also contain the enzymes
pepsin, rennin, and gastric lipase.
________________________________________
_______________________________________.
The muscular walls of the stomach churn and
squeeze the food.
________________________________________
The gastric juices then act on the solids that
remain in the stomach.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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C. Ruminant stomach—The four parts of the
ruminant stomach are rumen, reticulum,
omasum, and abomasum.
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_______________________
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______________________
The solid part of food goes
into the rumen.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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The liquid part goes into the reticulum, then into
the omasum, and on into the abomasum.
In the rumen, the solid food is mixed and partially
broken down by bacteria.
________________________________________
The food is then forced back into the mouth, and
rumination occurs.
________________________________________
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What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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On average, cattle chew their
cuds about six to eight times
per day.
____________________________________
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The rumen and the reticulum contain millions
of bacteria and protozoa.
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It is the bacterial action in the rumen that allows a
ruminant to use large amounts of roughage.
________________________________________
________________________________________
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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_________________are compounds that
contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen.
____________________________________
__________________.
Bacteria also produce
many of the vitamins
needed by the animal.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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D. Small intestine—The partly digested food
that leaves the stomach enters the small
intestine as an acidic, semifluid, gray, pulpy
mass.
__________________________
In the small intestine, the chyme
is mixed with three digestive
juices:
____________________________________
____________________________.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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1. ______________________, secreted by
the pancreas, contains the enzymes trypsin,
pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, and
maltase.
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________________________________________
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What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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Proteoses are the most complex compounds, and
peptides are the simplest.
___________________________changes starch
in the food into maltose.
Sugar and maltose are broken down even further
by maltase.
They are then changed into a simple sugar called
glucose.
________________________________________
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What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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2.
____________________________________
____________________
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Bile is stored in the
gallbladder in all animals
except the horse.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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3. Glands in the walls of the small intestine
produce ________________________.
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Intestinal juice is a fluid that contains peptidase,
sucrase, maltase, and lactase, all enzymes used
in digestion.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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E. Cecum—The cecum, or “blind gut,” is
found where the small intestine joins the
large intestine.
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________________________________________
______________________
In a pseudo-ruminant,
the roughages consumed
are digested by the
bacterial action in the cecum.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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F. Large intestine—The main function of this
organ is to absorb water.
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________________________________________
_______________________________________.
The key to absorption in the large intestine is the
small fingerlike projections on the walls, called
villi.
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their functions?
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Food materials not digested or absorbed are
called feces.
These materials are moved through the large
intestine by muscles in the intestinal walls.
The undigested part of food is passed out of the
body through the anus, the opening at the end of
the large intestine.
Review
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What are the various types of
digestive systems found in
animals?
What are the major parts of the
digestive system and their
functions?