Transcript build words that mean

The Digestive System
Lecture 3
The organs that compose the digestive
system digest, absorb and process nutrients
taken in as food.
 Materials not absorbed into the lining of the
intestine form the feces and leave the body
through the anus.
 Our study of the digestive system begins at
the point where food leaves the mouth and
enters the esophagus.

Word Root

Esophag
◦ From a Greek word oisophagos, meaning
esophagus or gullet.

Combining forms
◦ esophag/o

The difference between:

-stomy
-stomy and -tomy
◦ This means a mouth or opening.
◦ Usually a stoma is formed by surgery, e.g. a
colostomy is an opening or the formation of an
opening into the colon.
◦ A stoma can be temporary or permanent.

-tomy
◦ Means an incision as at the beginning of an
operation.
Word Exercise 1
Find the meaning of:
A. esophago/scope…………………….

◦ Remember that, to understand the meaning of
these medical terms, we read the components
from the suffix towards the beginning of the
word.
B.
C.
D.
esophag/ectomy ………………
esophago/tomy ………………..
esophag/itis ……………………..
Word Root

Gastr
◦ (From a Greek word gaster, meaning stomach.)

Combining forms
◦ Gastr/o
Word Exercise 2
 write
the meaning of:
A. gastro/scope …………….
B. gastr/ectomy ……………..
C. gastro/tomy ………………
D. gastr/itis …………………..
Word Exercise 2

Build words that mean:
E.
F.
G.

disease of the stomach ………………
study of the stomach ………………..
pertaining to upon/above the stomach
…………………..
Remember, when building words the combining
vowel is usually dropped if the suffix begins
with a vowel.
Nasogastric tube

A naso gastric tube (nas/o meaning nose) that
passes through the nose to the stomach can be
used for suction, irrigation or feeding.
Word Root
 Enter
◦ From a Greek word enteron, meaning
intestine or gut.
 Combining
◦ Enter/o
forms
Word Exercise 3
write the meaning of:
A. enter/itis ……………
B. entero/pathy …………..
C. entero/tomy ……………
D. entero/stomy ………………..
E. entero/lith …………………

 build
F.
G.
words that mean:
study of the intestine ………………….
a person who studies the intestines
…………………….
Word Root
 Pylor
◦ From a Greek word pylouros, meaning
gate-keeper.
 Combining
◦ Pylor/o


forms
Between the stomach and the small intestine
there is a sphincter muscle known as the
pylorus.
This acts as a valve which opens periodically to
allow digested food to leave the stomach.
Word Exercise 4
write the meaning of:
A. pyloro/gastr/ectomy …………………
B. pyloro/scopy …………………

The Small Intestine
 The
small intestine which consists of
three parts,
◦ duodenum,
 concerned mainly with digestion of food
◦ jejunum
◦ and ileum.
 jejunum and ileum are specially adapted for the
absorption of nutrients.
Word Roots

Duoden
◦ From a Latin word duodeni, meaning twelve. It
refers to the duodenum

Combining forms
◦ Duoden/o

Jejun
◦ From a Latin word jejunus, meaning empty. It
refers to the jejunum, part of the

Combining forms
◦ Jejun/o
Word Roots
 ile
◦ From a Latin word ilia,
 Combining
◦ ile/o
forms
ILEOSTOMY
A permanent opening is
made when the whole of
the large intestine has
been removed.
 This acts as an artificial
anus.
 The ileum opens directly
on to the abdominal wall
and the liquid discharge
from it is collected in a
plastic ileostomy bag

The Large Intestine



The large intestine has a
wider diameter than the small
intestine and it is shorter.
Its main function is to absorb
water from the materials that
remain after digestion and
eject them from the body as
feces during defecation.
The large intestine is made
up of the cecum, appendix,
colon, rectum and anus.
Word Roots

Cec
◦ From a Latin word caecus meaning Blind.

Combining forms
◦ Cec/o

Append
◦ From a Latin word appendix, meaning
appendage

Combining forms
◦ Append/o

Col
◦ From a Greek word kolon, meaning colon, the
large bowel extending from caecum to rectum.)

Combining forms
◦ Col/o, colon/o
Word Exercise 6
Find the meaning of:
A. mega/colon …………..
B. appendic/itis ………………..
C. col/ectomy …………………
D. colo/stomy ……………………

build words that mean:
E. formation of an opening into the cecum
……………….
F. removal of the appendix ………………
G. formation of an opening between the
stomach and colon …………………..

Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)





Miss B, a 35-year-old, presented to her general
practitioner complaining of pain emanating from the
epigastric and right hypochondrial regions
radiating to the back.
The pain lasted for about 3 hours following each
meal and was accompanied by nausea and
occasional vomiting.
Her GP's initial diagnosis was biliary colic, and he
prescribed an analgesic drug.
The pain did not resolve and she was admitted to
the gastroenterology unit.
Initial ultrasound investigations revealed multiple
stones in the gall bladder and a dilated common bile
duct.
A date was set for early elective laparoscopic
cholecystectomy.
 Due to her excessive weight, laparoscopy was
deemed inappropriate by the surgeon and she
was advised of an alternative procedure.
 An open cholecystectomy was performed and
the inflamed gall bladder found to contain
three gallstones each approximately 1.5cm in
diameter.
 A bile sample was sent for culture and
sensitivity testing and a nasogastric tube
passed.

Word Help






analgesic pain relieving drug
culture and sensitivity
testing growing
microorganisms in the
laboratory and testing them
for sensitivity to antibiotics
dietician/dietitian specialist
who plans and advises on diet
with the approval of medical
staff
elective voluntary/not an
emergency/at a planned date
GP general practitioner
(family doctor)
hypochondrial the region to
the side, just below the ribs






intravenous pertaining to
within a vein
open surgery via an incision
(here into the abdomen)
peri-operative around the
time of operation
post-operative pertaining to
after/following operation
subcutaneous pertaining to
under the skin
ultrasound using sound
waves to produce an image