Transcript Structure and Property of Matter

Structure and Property
of Matter
States of Matter--Review
 Remember 2 things about states of matter:
1.
2.
…shape and ….. Volume
Kinetic energy of the particles
 3 States of Matter
1.
2.
3.
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Solids
 Solids have a definite volume and a definite shape.
 Particles in a solid vibrate
(jiggle) but generally do
not move from place to place.
 Not much KE.
Liquids
 Liquids have a definite volume, but no definite
shape.
 Particles in a liquid vibrate, move about, and slide
past each other.
 Increased KE.
Gases
 Gases have neither a definite volume or a definite
shape.
 Particles in a gas vibrate and move freely at high
speeds.
 Most KE.
Kinetic Energy of Solids, Liquids,
and Gases:
Click Here to Examine!!
Which phase of matter has the most kinetic
energy in its particles?
A. Solids
B. Liquids
C. Gases
Which phase of matter has the least kinetic
energy in its particles?
A. Solids
B. Liquids
C. Gases
Which phase of matter has a definite
volume, but no definite shape?
A. Solids
B. Liquids
C. Gases
Which phase of matter has the a definite
volume and a definite shape?
A. Solids
B. Liquids
C. Gases
Which phase of matter does not have a
definite volume or a definite shape?
A. Solids
B. Liquids
C. Gases
Behavior of Gases
 The behavior of gases is dependent upon several
variables:
 These factors are described in the Gas Laws:
Boyle’s
Law
Charles’ Law
Pressure
 Pressure is force per unit area.
• Unit is either Pascals(Pa) or atmospheres(atm)
“Why is it that if you step
on a nail, it will go right
through your foot, but this
guy is able to lay on a
bed of nails?”
Temperature
 Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles
in a sample of matter.
•
Unit is either oF, oC or Kelvin(K)
Volume
 Amount of space occupied by a substance.
Boyle’s Law
states that with a
constant
temperature, the
pressure and
volume of a gas
vary inversely.
As pressure
increases, volume
decreases.
As pressure
decreases,
volume increases.
Boyle’s Law
Charles’ Law states
that with a
constant pressure,
the temperature
and volume of a
gas vary directly.
As the temperature
increases, the
volume increases.
As the temperature
decreases, the
volume decreases.
Charles’ Law
PTV lever
Boyle’s law—involves pressure and volume(temperature constant)
Charles’ law—involves temperature and volume(pressure constant)
PTV lever can always be used to check
yourself when using Boyle’s and Charles
law!!!
Other laws that govern all fluids:
Bernoulli’s Principle
Pascal’s Law
Archimedes's Principle
Bernoulli’s Principle
 As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure
exerted by that fluid decreases.
• Naturally, things move toward areas of low pressure!!
 It’s why plane’s fly!!
Airplane Wing
Pascal’s Law
 The pressure exerted on a fluid is transmitted evenly
throughout the fluid.
Pascal’s Law as applied
to hydraulics:
Hydraulic Jack
Archimedes's Principle
 The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight
of the fluid displaced by the object.


If the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object, the
object floats.
If the buoyant force is less than the weight of the object, the
object sinks.
Archimedes’s Principle(cont)


If the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object, the
object floats.
If the buoyant force is less than the weight of the object, the
object sinks.
Archimedes’s Principle(cont)
 It’s why boats float.
 Volume of irregularly shaped objects.