Transcript STATES OF MATTER

States of Matter
Title: States of Matter
Problem: How do solids, liquids, and gases
differ in the motion of their particles?
Hypothesis/Initial Thoughts:
STATES OF MATTER
There are Four States of Matter
• We will focus on the main 3
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
Data/Observation:
• Use the information in this presentation to
take notes and fill in the table on solid,
liquid, and gas
• Do not glue in your table until we are
finished with notes
STATES OF MATTER
• Based on
– particle arrangement
– energy of particles
– distance between particles
Change of State
• A compound or element can move from one
state to another, but can still be the same
substance.
How can this happen?
•
•
•
The answer lies in the motion of the atoms in
matter.
Temperature or pressure changes state can
change
Energy (heat) added  atoms move faster
energy (heat) taken away  atoms move
slower.
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles
which are in continual random
motion.
STATES OF MATTER
SOLIDS
•Particles of solids
vibrate back and forth
but are closely locked in
position.
•Solids have a definite
shape and a definite
volume.
Heat
STATES OF MATTER
LIQUID
 Particles of liquids are
tightly packed, but are
far enough apart to
slide over one
another, allowing
liquids to flow.
 Liquids have an
indefinite shape and a
definite volume.
Heat
STATES OF MATTER
GAS
 Particles of gases
are very far apart
and move freely
(idependently).
 Gases have an
indefinite shape
and an indefinite
volume.
Heat
PHASE CHANGES
Loss in
heat
Gas
CONDENSATION
DEPOSITION
Vaporization
Liquid
Gain Sublimation
in
heat
FREEZING
Melting
Solid
Copy this Diagram
What is the fourth state of matter?
• You do not need to take notes
• This is for your information only
What happens if you raise the
temperature to super-high levels…
between
1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything
just be a gas?
STATES OF MATTER
PLASMA
 A plasma is an
ionized gas.
 A plasma is a very
good conductor of
electricity and is
affected by
magnetic fields.
 Plasmas, like gases • Plasma is the
have an indefinite
common state
shape and an
of matter
indefinite volume.
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
Tightly packed, in
a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not
move from place
to place
LIQUID
Close together
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate, move
about, and slide
past each other
GAS
Well separated
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate and move
freely at high
speeds
PLASMA
Has no definite
volume or shape
and is composed
of electrical
charged particles
Some places where plasmas are found…
Flames
Lightning
Aurora (Northern Lights)
The Sun is an example of a star in its
plasma state
The sun's enormous heat rips electrons off the hydrogen and helium
molecules that make up the sun. It is a great big ball of plasma.
Review:
Property
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Shape
No definite shape.
Takes the shape of
the container
No definite shape.
Takes the shape of
the container
Definite shape
Volume
No definite volume.
Fills the container
Definite volume.
Definite volume.
Collide and slide
past each other
Can only vibrate
Movement of
particles
Move freely and
independently at high
speeds and collide
frequently
Arrangement
of
particles
Well separated with
no regular
arrangement
Picture
Close together
with no regular
arrangement
Tightly packed in a
regular pattern
Links for Change of State
• Study Jams
• MR. EDMONDS!!!!
• Animation
• Close up of particles
• Close up of particles 2
• Changes in State Quiz