Transcript states of matter

Matter:
It’s what the world
is
made of.
What is matter?
Matter is anything
that has mass
and takes up space.
STATES OF MATTER
• The Four States of Matter
• Four States
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
STATES OF MATTER
Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles
which are in continual random
motion.
STATES OF MATTER
SOLIDS
Particles of solids are
tightly packed, vibrating
about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite
shape and a definite
volume.
Increase
In
Heat
STATES OF MATTER
LIQUID
 Particles of liquids are
tightly packed, but are
far enough apart to
slide over one
another.
 Liquids have an
indefinite shape and a
definite volume.
Increase
In
Heat
STATES OF MATTER
GAS
 Particles of gases
are very far apart
and move freely.
 Gases have an
indefinite shape
and an indefinite
volume.
Increase
In
Heat
PHASE CHANGES
Description of
Phase Change
Solid to
liquid
Term for Phase
Change
Melting
Liquid to
Freezing
solid
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Heat goes into
the solid as it
melts.
Heat leaves the
liquid as it
freezes.
PHASE CHANGES
Description of
Phase Change
Liquid to
gas
Term for Phase
Change
Vaporization,
which includes Heat goes into the
boiling and
liquid as it vaporizes.
evaporation
Gas to liquid Condensation
Solid to gas
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Sublimation
Heat leaves the gas
as it condenses.
Heat goes into the
solid as it sublimates.
GAS
MELTING
SOLID
FREEZING
LIQUID
But what happens if you raise the
temperature to super-high levels…
between
1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything
just be a gas?
STATES OF MATTER
PLASMA
 A plasma is an
ionized gas.
 A plasma is a very
good conductor of
electricity and is
affected by
magnetic fields.
 Plasmas, like gases • Plasma is the
have an indefinite
common state
shape and an
of matter
indefinite volume.
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
Tightly packed, in
a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not
move from place
to place
LIQUID
Close together
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate, move
about, and slide
past each other
GAS
Well separated
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate and move
freely at high
speeds
PLASMA
Has no definite
volume or shape
and is composed
of electrical
charged particles
Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames
2. Lightning
3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
The Sun is an example of a star in its
plasma state
Solids
• Solids have definite
shape and definite
volume.
• Solids have mass.
• Solids take up space.
Read more!
Particles in Solids:
• Are packed tightly
together
• Have very little energy
• Vibrate in place
Liquids
• Liquids take the shape
of their container and
have definite volume.
• Liquids have mass.
• Liquids take up space.
Read more!
Particles in Liquids:
• Are loosely packed
• Have medium
energy levels
• Particles flow
around each other
Gases
• Gases spread out to
fill the entire space
given and do not
have definite
volume.
• Gases have mass.
• Gases take up
space.
Read more!
Particles in Gases:
• Move freely
• Have LOTS of
energy
Plasma
• Lightning is a plasma.
• Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and Neon lights.
• Plasma is a lot like a
gas, but the particles
are electrically charged.
Read more!
Particles in Plasma:
• Are electrically
charged
• Have EXTREMELY
high energy levels
Energy determines the state!
Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!
What will happen? Why?
Changing States
• There are several names for matter changing
states:
– State change
– Phase change
– Physical change