Transcript Sustainable intensification - East and Southern Africa Region

Dryland Systems:
Integrated and Sustainable Agricultural
Production Systems for Improved Food
Security and Livelihoods in Dry Areas
[CRP1.1]
Groundwork Report
Sustainable Intensification
R. Serraj, R. Mrabet, S. Sabri, H. Dehghanisanij, and team
Ground work to address ISPC ‘must haves’:
(a) Site characterization; Identification of major production systems
within each Target Region, Benchmark Area and Action Sites.
(b) Research work plans; Identification of major constraints to and
opportunities for increasing production system resilience by reducing
vulnerability, and for diversifying and sustainably intensifying these
production systems.
Steps:
• CRP1.1 Dryland Systems Framework Development Workshop- 30
January – 1 February 2012, Dubai
• Task Force workshop SRT2 (System resilience): April 1-4, Amman
• Task Force workshop SRT3 (Sustainable intensification): April 9-12,
Rabat
• Expert Consultation Systems analysis and Inn0vation systems: May 710, Rabat
• RIW, 2-4 July Rabat.
Selection of benchmark areas & action sites
1.
2.
Reducing vulnerability (SRT2 type)
Sustainable intensification (SRT3 type)
Circles/ovals
indicate roughly the
5 Target Regions.
NA & WA Site
Target
areas and action sites
characterization
Biophysical descriptors
- Climate (precipitation, temperature, climate change projections)
- Topography (landforms, elevation range, prevalent slope ranges)
- Soils (soil types, soil problems posing serious management challenges)
- Water resources (irrigation water availability, quality issues, e.g. waste water reuse)
- Land use/land cover (kinds of agricultural/non-agricultural land, land use trends)
- Land degradation (type and current severity of particular types of land degradation,
degradation trends)
Socio-economic descriptors
- Demography (population, poverty, nutrition and health, employment)
- Agricultural systems (classification, descriptors related to cropping component,
descriptors related to animal component, market access and characteristics, access to
land, water and other inputs, system problems, system dynamics, land tenure and
property rights issues)
- Governance, institutions, policies (institutional support, policies, local farmers
organizations)
- Opportunities for agricultural research (opportunities for research on land tenure
policy, soil and water management, de-rocking, agro-biodiversity conservation, water
harvesting for range shrub plantations, drought-resistant varieties, others)
Key variables
Livelihood strategies
INSTITUTIONAL
MANAGEMENT
ENDOGENOUS
Livelihood
Capitals
EXOGENOUS
Implementation
programs
Institutions and
policy network
Spatial Scale
Location of the Meknès-Saiss Action Site
area of about 1694 km2 in the north of Morocco
Meknes – Saiss Action Site
Major target region for Agricultural
intensification and for the Green
Morocco Green: Agropole
GDP per habitant (MDH) per region (HCP, 2007)
Meknes-Tafilalet
INDICATORS
Crop diversification
Cereals
Pulses
Forages
Oilseed crops
Vegetables
Fruit trees
Fallow
TOTAL
MEKNES
Area in hectares
89,400
13,500
5,000
5,600
7,100
22,000
11,400
149,500
Livestock
Beef
Sheep
Goat
Others
24,400
90,900
8,900
14,700
TOTAL
138,900
Opportunities for agricultural research
Opportunities for R4D on:
- GMP- Pilar II (small holding farmers)
- Diversification
- land tenure policy,
- soil and water management, de-rocking,
- Agrobiodiversity conservation,
- Water harvesting,
- drought-resistant varieties, others
Regional Capacity Research Programs :
INRA, ENA, IAV Hassan II, University of Meknes, Schools for technicians,
Private sector (Agribusiness, value chains, etc.)
Egypt-Delta Site
Karkheh River
Basin Site
Constraints and opportunities
Major production systems (Action Site)
Wheat-based system
Biophysical/technical
• Low Soil fertility
• Lack of diversification /
rotation
• Low input use: seeds,
fertilizers, pesticides
• Post Harvest loss
• Low rate of agronomic
packages adoption
• Market/added value/
Insurance
• Livestock: Insufficient
feed
• Pricing policy (subsidies,
pricing, etc.)
Institutional constraints :
(Enabling Environments
Fruit-tree system
• Low Input/technical use
• Lack of technical package
• Market/add value (value
chain)
• By product use/
environmental impacts
• Product quality (Olive,
oil/processing/policy…)
• Post Harvest loss
• Low adoption rate of
agronomic packages
• Insurance
• Livestock: Feed lack
• Pricing policy (subsidies,
pricing etc.)
Vegetable-based system
Low sustainability
(water)
Post Harvest (storage)
Price volatility
Market stability
Seed availability
(Potato
Same analysis for Egypt and Iran sites..
Lessons learnt, successes and failures
 Case 1: Mechanization in Morocco
 Case 2: Moroccan agricultural extension system experience
 Case 3: Success in fresh water area in Karkheh river basin
 Case 4: Challenges and opportunities for improving in fresh water area in KRB
 Case 5: Rapid salinization due to lack of drainage due to policy problem (Iran)
– Same foe Egypt?
Source: MAPM December 2010
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Research Questions and Hypotheses
CRP1.1 Objectives for sustainable intensification in North Africa and
West Asia:
 Smallholder farmers must have a future throughout the WANA region
 Agro-ecosystems should be productive and sustainable
 If progress is achieved it has to be gender equitable
 A way must be found for smallholder farmers to benefit from market
access
Hypotheses
H1. Some form of farm aggregation (association/ organized farmers groups)
will lead to the realization of economies of size, thereby leading to increased
access to innovations, improved market efficiencies, competitiveness and
value addition;
H2. Rainfed wheat-based system can be sustainably intensified and
diversified through crop-tree-livestock integration, agricultural innovations, and
institutional arrangements providing pathways out of poverty;
H3. Irrigated production systems can be sustainably intensified through
policies and institutions that ensure efficient use of land and water resources;
H4. Use of innovation systems perspective will enhance the adoption and
utilization of improved technologies, markets and policies;
H5. Equitable distribution of responsibilities and benefits along the value chain
among men, women and youth will enhance development of the target areas;
H6. System analysis of production and market system performance will allow
optimal intensification of the production and market systems and the
assessment of potential impact of innovations both in socioeconomic and
ecological terms.
Outputs
1. Innovation platforms for technology transfer, access to market, credit and insurance are
developed and operational for the implementation of farmer’s aggregation, associating small
farmers with pilot progressive farmers and/or private investor in Meknès and Delta-Egypt sites
2. Rainfed mixed wheat-based system are profitably and sustainably intensified and diversified
through integrated crop-vegetable-tree-livestock TIPOs in the action and satellite sites
3. Irrigated production systems sustainably intensified by optimizing water and land productivity
while conserving and valorizing natural resources (land, water, biodiversity) in the Delta-Egypt
and Karkheh River basin
4. Harvest and post-harvest practices improved, and added-value options tested for better market
access in the three target sites
5. Policy and institutional options related to farmers’ aggregation, market and value chain
integration, land fragmentation, water valuation and allocation evaluated in the 3 target sites
6. Effective mechanisms for rural women and youth empowerment developed and tested in the 3
sites, to equitably share benefits and responsibilities of aggregation and intensification
7. Models and knowledge management systems developed and applied for optimized systems
design, and scaling up/out improved Integrated TIPOs
8. Trade-offs between systems intensification, diversification and resource use and conservation
analyzed and sustainability scenarios developed in the target sites
9. Impact of the R4D monitored and future scenarios developed for the target sites
The logical framework
Modelling chain to assess farm decision and impacts
Regional
model
Aggregated
Indicators (Region,
Vulnerable Zone)
Simple
indicators
Market
Prices
Socio-economic context:
GDP, price,….
Farm model
Region
Farm
typology
Farm type
AM data base: by
activity and Farm type
Agromanagement
Production,
Externalities
Crop model
From Hatem Belhouchette
Economic and
policy data
Policy/environneme
FADN, survey,
ntal measures:
MARS…
WFW, prime….
Agromanagem
ent data
cropping
system/AEnZ
Field
(soil type)
Technological
innovation: no till,
new rotations….
Agricultural Innovation System
From Ponniah Anandajayasekeram
Steps in the Functioning of Innovation
Plateforms
From Ponniah Anandajayasekeram
Implications of using IP
• Viewing research as the central actor to being only one
important component
• Partnerships and networks (institutions) are critical
• Needs improved research systems governance and
researchers with additional skills
• Investment to create innovation capacity (of all actors)
and build enabling environment
• Increased investment in research itself
• A set of complementary policies needed
• Leadership and building a culture of innovation
From Ponniah Anandajayasekeram
Work to be done in the RIW:
• Fine‐tuning research hypotheses for the overall CRP1.1, and tailoring
site‐specific hypotheses;
• Priority setting of main research‐for‐development undertakings for the Action
Sites to achieve research outcomes for the impact pathway;
• Development of a logframe for each of the five Target Regions;
• Develop regional impact pathways, identifying partners at all stages and
considering how social change (impact) will be achieved;
• Development of detailed workplans, underpinning scientific approaches and
methods, involved partners and stakeholders.
• Establishment of Interdisciplinary Research Teams (IRT) and Regional
Stakeholder Advisory Committees (RSAC)
http://cgiar-drylands.wikispaces.com/