Transcript The Law of Unintended Consequences? Greek Civil Society and the

Sotiris Petropoulos
University of the Peloponnese
Inter-regional
Schemes
across the
Mediterranean
Source: WTO, 2013
EU
NAFTA
FTAA
MERCOSUR
Definitions

Inter-regionalism: cooperation between
regions




Trade
Finance
Political
Parliamentary..
√ the issue of geographical proximity is more
complex
√ Increased level of exchanges
Issues

Region-to-region or

Regional Integration Scheme to Regional
Integration Scheme

Issue of asymmetry

Issue of culture
Wippel 2005
EU-Med Relations
Phase A: 1961-1995
3 periods:
a. 1961 to 1972 bilateral relations – partnership
agreements
b. 1972 to 1985 Med Policy
c. 1985 to 1995 Revitalized Med Policy
1961-1972
General Characteristics
 Not
fully integrated EU policies
 European
 Trade
South
Agreements
1972-1985
General Characteristics
 Trade
 Finance
 Democracy
1985-1995
General Characteristics
 Bilateral
 March
Finance Protocols
1995 – Greece lifted its veto for the 4th
financial protocol to Turkey
The EU-Med Framework
European Neighborhood Policy (ENP)
A
Τιframework
είναι η ΕΠΓ;
for dealing with EU’s neighbors
 Those
in the East and South for which the EU has
not given the prospect of accession
 Aim:
closer ties
ENP
 Initiated
Europe)
during 2003/2004 (notion of Greater
Γενικά Στοιχεία για την ΕΠΓ
 16
countries
 10
in the South/Med (Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco,
Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria and Libya)
 Both
bilateral and multilateral framework
Multilateral – the South
The Barcelona Process

Initiated in 1995

Seeking to create a Mediterranean region of peace,
security and shared prosperity.

Three Pillars:

Political and Security Dialogue (sustainable
development, rule of law, democracy and human
rights)
Economic and Financial Partnership (free-trade area
leading to sustainable and balanced socio-economic
development)
Social, Cultural and Human Partnership (understanding
and intercultural dialogue)


Multilateral – the South
 2005
– added migration as a 4th pillar
 EC
earmarked €16 billion
 EIB
to channel €2 billion per year
 Re-launched
(2008) why?
 10th
as the Union for the Mediterranean
anniversary – low participation by heads of
states
Multilateral – the South
Union for the Mediterranean

More members (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Mauritania, Monaco, Montenegro and Turkey)

Issues:

Med de-pollution
Establishment of maritime and land highways to
facilitate movement of people and goods
Prevention, preparation and response to natural and
man-made disasters
Mediterranean solar energy plan
Euro-Mediterranean University (Slovenia)
Mediterranean Business Development Initiative –
supports small businesses





Multilateral – the South
Union for the Mediterranean
 Permanent
non-EU
secretariat – 2010, Barcelona, SG being
 Co-presidency
EU/Jordan)
 Biennial
– 1/1 basis (France/Egypt,
Summits of Heads of State and
Government
Phase B: 1995The ENP continues to promote bilateral relations
The UfM operates in a more technocratic fashion and
not politically
Enhances
the
presidency)
partnership
component
(co-
More role to third Med countries, the private sector
and cross border cooperation