Transcript the nile river presentation

Major information
Basin area: 3.1 million km2, including 81,500
km2 of lakes and 70,000 km2 of swamps
 Basin population: 160 million, or 57% of the
entire population of the basin’s 10 riparian
countries: Burundi, D.R. Congo, Egypt, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania,
Uganda
 Primary water uses: irrigation, industry,
domestic supply, hydropower, and navigation
 Irrigated area of the basin: 5.5 million ha,
 with potential of 10.2 million ha
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Challenges of the Nile river basin
countries
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Poverty
Food insecurity
Water shortages
Land degradation
Pollution from effluents
Soil erosion
Loss of biodiversity
Sedimentation of lakes and reservoirs
Pollution by agro-chemicals and industrial waste
Salination of wetlands of Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda
and Sudan
Aswan dam
Sennar dam
Roseires dam
Owen Falls dam
The major cities that are located on the edge of the
Nile and White
Nile
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Cairo
Gondokoro
Khartoum
Aswan
Thebes/Luxor
Karnak
The town of Alexandria which lies near the Rozeta
branch.
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In 1929 Britain signed the Nile Basin Treaty with
Egypt, pledging on behalf of its colonies not to
undertake any works that would reduce the volume of
water flowing to Cairo
Revised in 1959, the agreement shared out the waters
of the Nile between Egypt and Sudan
According to the treatment between Egypt and Sudan
no country can undertake a project of whatever
magnitude without express of approval of Egypt
Section 4 (ii) of the 1929 agreement
reads:
"Save with the previous agreements of the Egyptian
government, no irrigation or power works or
measures are to be constructed or taken on the river
Nile and its branches, or on the lakes from which it
flows, so far as all these are in the Sudan or countries
under British administration, which would in such a
manner as to entail any prejudice to the interests of
Egypt, either reduce the quantity of water arriving in
Egypt or modify the date of its
arrival."
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The total annual discharge of the Nile between
Egypt and Sudan was measured at 74 billion
cubic meters from which the former
wasallocated two-thirds - or 55.5 billion cubic
meters - with the latter awarded the remaining
18.5 billion cubic meters.
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In 1980 Egypt rejected Ethiopia’s project about
irrigation system and hydro-power development
of that region.
In 1980 Tanzania declared the plan of drawing
water from lake Victoria to supply Kahama and
Shinyanga regions. This plan controverts to
Britain-Egypt-Sudan treaty.
Kenya has also embarked on a project to draw
water from rivers that flow
into Lake Victoria to draw water for irrigation
projects.
Uganda case
Uganda lies 100% in the Nile basin, but it
suffers from adequate access of fresh water.
 In order to solve the problem Uganda started
"sell" the Nile waters at it exits at Nimule.
 Uganda claims:
"Those were the British, they were not ourselves,"
he said. "Egypt has no right to monopolise the
use of the Nile water for irrigation. It cannot
deprive others from using it."
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