Transcript Section 1 - Burnet Middle School

Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Living in the
United States
and Canada
Today
Section 2: Issues and
Challenges
Visual Summary
Regions The United States
and Canada both have large
land areas. Each has unique
landforms and resources.
Americans and Canadians
have used their rich
resources and technological
skills to become leading
economic powers. How
might a region’s economy
influence the world
economy?
Section 1:
Living in the United States
and Canada Today
Places reflect the relationship
between humans and the
physical environment. Both the
United States and Canada are
often divided into economic
regions. These regions are based
on similar resources and climates.
People in each region have
developed distinctive ways of life
based on the different physical
characteristics of their area.
Section 2:
Issues and Challenges
Cooperation and conflict
among people have an effect
on the Earth’s surface. The
United States and Canada are
peaceful neighbors, sharing the
longest undefended border in
the world. Landforms and
weather patterns do not stop at
the border, however, and
environmental actions by one
country can affect the other.
Places reflect the relationship
between humans and the physical
environment.
Content Vocabulary
• free market
• biotechnology
• profit
• newsprint
• stock
Academic Vocabulary
• guarantee
• media
• reluctant
“The doctor will see you now.” Well,
almost. This doctor of the future is actually
a robot. It allows doctors who may be
miles away to talk to patients, inspect
wounds, and read charts through the use
of a video camera and screen. A computer
and a joystick allow the doctor to move
through the hospital and visit patients. The
robots have been developed for hospitals
that are looking for ways to reduce
expenses. Read Section 1 to find out more
about other industries that
shape the United States
and Canada.
Do you think it is safe to keep your
money in a bank?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
In both the United States and Canada, many familyowned farms are struggling with competition from
commercial farms and imported products. An idea that
may allow small farms to survive is agritourism—or
opening the farm to visitors. Farmers offer such
interests as pick-your-own fruits, wagon or sleigh rides,
overnight stays, horseback riding, or cattle drives. City
dwellers enjoy seeing where their cereal comes from,
and farmers stabilize their income.
Economic Regions
The United States can be
organized into economic
regions.
Economic Regions (cont.)
• In a free market economy, people are free
to buy, sell, and produce whatever they
want, with limited government
involvement.
– They also can work wherever they want.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
– In a free market economy, business
owners produce the products they think
will make the most profits, and
consumers shop for the best products at
the lowest prices.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
• Also in a free market economy, people can
buy stock, or part ownership, in a
company.
• When a company succeeds, it often pays
some of its profits to the stockholders, but
if the business fails, the stock becomes
worthless.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
• People can also save their money in a
bank.
• Because of government guarantees, some
of the money is protected should a bank
fail.
• Although savings accounts are better
protected, stocks provide a greater chance
for high financial payoff.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
• The economic focus of the Northeast has
been on business.
• New York City has many financial and
media companies. Boston is an important
center for biotechnology research.
• The Midwest’s rich soil enables farmers to
grow crops such as corn, wheat, and
soybeans.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
• Mineral resources found here include iron
ore, coal, lead, and zinc.
• Beginning in the 1800s, manufacturing
developed in the Midwest.
• Towns like Cleveland and Detroit made
steel and automobiles, but over time the
factories grew outdated and many closed,
taking thousands of jobs with them.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
• With its rich soils, the South long relied on
agriculture; today, the area has expanding
cities, growing industries, and diverse
population.
– Houston, Dallas, and Atlanta make
electrical equipment, computers, textiles,
and airplane parts.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
– Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama produce
oil and related products.
– In Florida, tourism and trade are major
activities.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
• The Interior West has magnificent scenery
and outdoor recreation that attracts many
people.
• Although the region is dry, irrigation allows
for some agriculture.
• For many decades, mining, ranching, and
lumbering were the Interior West’s main
economic activities.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
• Denver and Salt Lake City both have
growing information technology industries.
• Albuquerque and Phoenix have tourism
and service industries.
• In the Pacific area, fruits and vegetables
are important crops for California, Oregon,
and Washington.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
• Sugarcane, pineapples, and coffee grow in
the rich volcanic soil of Hawaii.
• Fish, timber, and mineral resources are
important in the Pacific area as well.
• California has gold, lead, and copper, and
Alaska has vast reserves of oil.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
• Many industries thrive in California and
Washington, including airplane
manufacturing and computer software
development.
– Los Angeles is the world center of the
movie industry.
United States and Canada: Regions
Economic Regions (cont.)
– California, the nation’s most populous
state, has wide ethnic diversity. Nearly
half of its people are Latino or Asian
American.
United States and Canada: Regions
Which is a product of Hawaii?
A. Gold
B. Timber
C. Oil
D. Sugarcane
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Regions of Canada
With a few exceptions,
Canada’s economic regions
are similar to those in the
United States.
Regions of Canada (cont.)
• Fishing was for many years a major
industry in the Atlantic Provinces of
Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia,
Prince Edward Island, and New
Brunswick, but overfishing has weakened
the industry.
• Today most people hold jobs in
manufacturing, mining, and tourism.
• The city of Halifax, in Nova Scotia, is a
major shipping center.
Regions of Canada (cont.)
• Canada’s Central and Eastern Region
includes the provinces of Quebec and
Ontario.
• The paper industry is important in Quebec,
as is the creation of hydroelectric power.
• Montreal, on the St. Lawrence River, is a
major port and leading financial and
industrial center.
Regions of Canada (cont.)
• Many in Quebec’s largely French-speaking
population would like the province to
separate from Canada.
• Because of the uncertainty this creates,
many outside businesses have been
reluctant to invest in Quebec’s economy.
Regions of Canada (cont.)
• Ontario, an agricultural, manufacturing,
forestry, and mining center, has the largest
population and greatest wealth of
Canada’s provinces.
• The capital, Toronto, is Canada’s largest
city and a major center of finance and
business.
• It is home to people from about 170
countries.
Regions of Canada (cont.)
• Farming and ranching are major activities
in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.
• This area produces large amounts of
wheat for export and has large reserves of
oil and natural gas.
• British Columbia has extensive forests that
help make Canada the world’s largest
producer of newsprint, the paper used for
printing newspapers.
Regions of Canada (cont.)
• Mining, fishing, and tourism also help
British Columbia’s economy.
• Vancouver, its capital, is Canada’s main
Pacific port.
• Canada’s vast North covers about onethird of the country.
Regions of Canada (cont.)
• This area includes the Yukon Territory, the
Northwest Territories, and Nunavut.
• Many of the 25,000 people in this area are
indigenous peoples.
• The main resources in the North are
minerals such as gold and diamonds.
Which province has vast forests that
provide the world with newsprint?
A. Quebec
B. Manitoba
C. British Columbia
D. Alberta
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Cooperation and conflict among
people have an effect on the Earth’s
surface.
Content Vocabulary
• trade deficit
• acid rain
• tariff
• brownfield
• trade surplus
• urban sprawl
Academic Vocabulary
• restrict
• community
Long ago, ice canoeing was a way to
deliver supplies across the icy Saint
Lawrence River during winter. Ice
canoes were small enough to dodge
floating ice and light enough to carry
over solid ice. Traveling between the
river’s islands was dangerous, difficult
work, but it was necessary to carry vital
items such as medicine and mail. Today,
ice canoes are used for sport. Many
Canadian teams compete in ice races at
winter festivals. Learn more
about Canada today in
Section 2.
Do you think there is a way to stop
urban sprawl?
A. Yes
B. No
0%
C
A
0%
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
C. I don’t know what
urban sprawl is
Urban sprawl has caused the decline of many
downtowns, but Paducah, Kentucky, responded in an
innovative way. Its leaders created the Artist Relocation
Program, offering monetary aid to artists who will
purchase and restore old houses and open studios. So
far, 70 artists are involved with the Lowertown Arts
District. Paducah is again thriving, artists have
ownership security and community, and other towns
have new hope.
The Region and the World
The United States and Canada
trade with countries
throughout the world.
The Region and the World (cont.)
• The United States has the world’s largest
economy and is a leader in world trade,
with exports of chemicals, farm products,
manufactured goods, and raw materials
such as metals and cotton fiber.
• Canada sends many of the same goods
overseas, as well as large amounts of
seafood and timber products.
• Both countries are also major importers.
The Region and the World (cont.)
• The United States and Canada support
free trade, or the removal of trade
restrictions, so that goods flow freely
among countries.
• The United States needs more oil than it
produces and depends on imports from
Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia,
and Nigeria.
The Region and the World (cont.)
• The United States spends hundreds of
billions of dollars more on imports than it
earns from exports, resulting in a massive
trade deficit, or when a country spends
more on imports than it earns from
exports.
• To sell their products in the United States,
some nations set the prices of their goods
very low.
The Region and the World (cont.)
• Also, some countries place high tariffs, or
taxes, on imports in order to protect their
own industries from foreign competition.
• These tariffs then raise the price of U.S.
products and thus reduce the sale of the
products abroad.
• Such practices hurt American companies
and cost American workers their jobs.
The Region and the World (cont.)
• Canada enjoys a trade surplus, or
earning more from exports than it spends
for imports.
– Canada’s smaller population makes its
energy needs less costly.
– Also, Canada’s export earnings have
been growing.
The Region and the World (cont.)
• Since the early 2000s, the United States and
Canada have worked to prevent terrorist
attacks by increasing security along their long
border and have participated in international
efforts to stop terrorism.
• In 2003 Canada opposed the U.S.
decision to invade Iraq, urging the
American government to continue seeking
a peaceful solution through the United
Nations (UN).
The Region and the World (cont.)
• The United States and Canada provide
much of the UN’s funding, and they take
part in UN agencies that provide aid to
people in areas affected by war or natural
disasters.
• Both countries have sent soldiers to serve
in UN forces that act as peacekeepers in
troubled areas of the world.
Did Canada support the United
States’ invasion of Iraq?
A. Yes
B. No
A. A
B. B
0%
B
A
0%
Environmental Issues
The United States and Canada
face similar environmental
issues.
Environmental Issues (cont.)
• For energy, Americans and Canadians
burn coal, oil, and natural gas, causing air
pollution.
• When mixed with water vapor in the air,
the pollution makes acid rain.
• Canada has passed laws to reduce the
amount of fossil fuels that is burned.
Environmental Issues (cont.)
• The United States has funded research for
new, less environmentally harmful energy
sources.
• Changing climatic conditions and a rising
demand for water have lowered water
levels of the Great Lakes.
Environmental Issues (cont.)
• Lower lake levels decrease the amount of
goods that can be shipped, harm fish
populations, and affect tourism as water
pulls back from the area’s beaches.
• Brownfields are places such as old
factories and gas stations that have been
abandoned and contain dangerous
chemicals that hinder new development.
Environmental Issues (cont.)
• Governments in the United States and
Canada have given money to communities
for cleanup.
• Urban sprawl, or the spread of human
settlement into natural areas, has led to
the loss of farmland and wilderness areas,
traffic jams, increased air pollution, and
strains on water and other resources.
Which factors have lowered the levels
of the Great Lake?
A. Rising demand
for water
B. Global warming
C. Changing climatic
conditions
D. Both A and C
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Free Market Economies
• The United States and
Canada have free market
economies that allow people
to own businesses and
earn profits.
• Producers and consumers
decide what to produce,
how much to produce,
and for whom to produce.
• Governments play a limited
role in free market economies.
U.S. Regions
• The five economic regions
of the United States are the
Northeast, the Midwest,
the South, the Interior West,
and the Pacific.
• The South and the Interior
West are growing rapidly
in population and economic
strength.
• The Northeast focuses on
business. The Midwest is
rebuilding its industries.
• The Pacific area has diverse
economies and populations.
Canadian Regions
•
Canada’s main economic regions
are the Atlantic Provinces, the
Central and Eastern Region,
the West, and the North.
•
The Atlantic Provinces suffer from
the decline of the fishing industry.
•
Many people in French-speaking
Quebec want their province to be
independent.
•
Ontario is Canada’s most populous
and economically prosperous province.
•
The West includes the grain-producing
areas and the Pacific coastal province
of British Columbia.
Global Ties
• The United States and
Canada have joined Mexico
in promoting free trade
among their countries.
• The United States is a major
global trading power. Its
trade deficits, however,
could cause future economic
problems.
• The United States and other
countries are working to prevent
terrorist attacks.
The Environment
• The United States and
Canada are reducing the
amount of chemicals
released into the air to
reduce acid rain.
• Declining water levels
and rising demand for
water are affecting the
Great Lakes.
• The United States and
Canada face the loss of
farmland and wilderness
areas as urban sprawl increases.
free market
type of economy in which people are
free to buy, produce, and sell with
limited government involvement
profit
money a business earns after all its
expenses are met
stock
part ownership in a company
biotechnology
study of cells to find ways of
improving health
newsprint
type of paper used for printing
newspapers
guarantee
promise
media
types of communication such as the
Internet, television, and radio
reluctant
hesitant
trade deficit
situation that occurs when the value
of a country’s imports is higher than
the value of its exports
tariff
tax added to the price of goods that
are imported
trade surplus
situation that occurs when the value
of a country’s exports is higher than
the value of its imports
acid rain
chemicals from air pollution that
combine with precipitation
brownfield
sites that have been abandoned and
may contain dangerous chemicals
urban sprawl
spread of human settlement into
natural areas
restrict
to limit
community
neighborhood
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