Transcript 2010 CalNex Field Study and “Expanding to the Downwind WRAP Region

2010 CalNex Field Study and “Expanding
to the Downwind WRAP Region”
NOAA Boulder
June 9, 2009
What does the WRAP do?
• Western Regional Air Partnership (WRAP) formed to:
– Collect data and provide regional analyses
– Support development of state air pollution control plans required under the
EPA Regional Haze Rule
• Early 2008, WRAP Board adopted 2008-12 Strategic Plan
• Identifies regional technical analysis efforts to:
– Build upon existing regional haze analysis and planning efforts
– Move to a one-atmosphere approach which includes:
• Data and analyses to implement haze control plans
• Sources, meteorological transport, atmospheric chemistry, and air quality
impacts on the Ozone/PM NAAQS, as well as mercury and nitrogen
deposition; and
• Air quality planning effects from policy changes related to:
– Energy development/production and
– Climate change mitigation/adaptation
What does the WRAP work on Regional Haze show?
• Western sources and source categories form:
– Ambient Particulate Matter aerosols broken down to chemical species as
measured by the rural IMPROVE and CASTNET networks, and the NCORE
Urban Chemical Speciation network; and
– Ozone in both rural and urban areas
• Emissions are transported from tens to thousands of kilometers
– Affecting primary air quality health standards (Ozone and PM National
Ambient Air Quality Standards [NAAQS]), as well as
– Secondary air quality welfare standards (Ozone and PM NAAQS, Regional
Haze Rule).
• Spatial scale affecting the more than 100 relatively clean Class I Federal
areas in the West ranges from global to regional to local
• WRAP Technical Committees and Forums are interested in the opportunity
to leverage and extend the field study effort in 2010 within California to the
downwind WRAP region.
WRAP Regional Technical Web Databases
VIEWS Interoperability: Connected systems
• WRAP FETS: Incoming wild, prescribed, & ag fire data via a co-located database
• WRAP EDMS: Incoming WRAP emissions inventories
• WRAP Regional Modeling Center (RMC): Incoming modeled emissions data;
necessary for chemical transport modeling, modeling data results, and gridded
emissions inventories that cannot be visualized easily or obtained elsewhere
• AQS: Outgoing IMPROVE data, incoming PM2.5, PM10, Ozone, etc
• AirQuest: Incoming satellite data; other datasets being considered
• AirNow: Incoming Air Quality Index maps and ozone data
• DataFed: Outgoing IMPROVE data via direct ODBC connection to the VIEWS
database; various incoming datasets
• RSIG: Incoming satellite data and products (future)
• Giovanni: Incoming satellite data and products
• NASA DAACs: Incoming satellite data and products
• BlueSky Framework: Pending proposal; Hybrid source apportionment model to be
provided by NPS to BlueSky through web services
WRAP Regional Technical Web Databases
Example WRAP Source Apportionment Results
CAMx Particulate Source Apportionment Technology
(gridded emissions/met in photochemical model with virtual tags of source categories and regions)
Weighted Emissions Potential Analyses
(gridded emissions * meteorological back trajectory residence time, using a one-over-distance factor to approximate deposition, with normalized final results)
Rural & Class I area Ozone Monitoring Results
(other recent 3-year regulatory monitoring periods show similar patterns)
2005 through 2007 (3-year average) of 4th highest daily
monitored maximum 8-hr average at rural & Class I sites
 Patterns of rural
O3 observed at
rural downwind
locations, suggest
that transport of
Southern California
emissions has longrange effects
 Are impacts of
regional O3 & PM
transport to rural &
Class I sites caused
by the same or
similar sources &
source regions?
 How do
intervening source
areas affect O3 &
PM formation,
titration, &
transport?
California Ozone
Transport - Source
Apportionment
Study Results
Ozone Source Apportionment Monthly
Mean Results (WRAP region states
highlighted) Tong, D. Q. and Mauzerall,
D. L. Summertime State-Level SourceReceptor Relationships between Nitrogen
Oxides Emissions and Surface Ozone
Concentrations over the Continental
United States. Environmental Science &
Technology, Volume 42, Number 21, 2008.
Source region contributions to the total inorganic N deposition from both dry
and wet processes measured at Rocky Mountain National Park in northern
Colorado during the 2006 spring and summer RoMANS campaigns.
IMPROVE monitoring sites in the WRAP region with at least three years of valid data and
identifies the six sites selected to demonstrate the apportionment tools. Pie diagrams show the
composition for the mean of the 20% worst haze conditions and the mean light extinction (Mm-1) by
the size of the circle (see figure key).
Olympic N.P.
Yellowstone N.P.
Grand Canyon N.P.
Badlands N.P.
Salt Creek W.
San Gorgonio W.
Particulate sulfate (a) and
nitrate (b) source attribution by
region using CAMx modeling for
6 western remote area
monitoring sites. WRAP
includes ND, SD, WY, CO, NM
and all states further west.
CENRAP includes all states east
of WRAP and west of the
Mississippi River including MN.
Eastern U.S. includes all states
east of CENRAP. The Pacific
Offshore extends 300km to the
west of CA, OR, and WA.
Outside Domain refers to the
modeling domain, which extends
100s of kilometers into the
Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and
from Hudson Bay Canada to
just north of Mexico City. This
figure was assembled from
site-specific diagrams produced
on the TSS web site for 2002.
NOx Emissions from Western US Power Plants
•Isolated plants have discrete signatures in satellite retrievals
•Power plant emissions are measured continuously at each stack
•Currently no NOx pollution controls on large coal-burning plants
“Calibration” for satellite-model comparison
Colstrip
North Valmy
Dave Johnston/
Laramie River
Intermountain
Jim Bridger/
Naughton
Hunter /
Huntington
Reid Gardener
Craig/Hayden
Bonanza
Mohave
Four Corners/
San Juan
Navajo
Cholla/Coronado/
Springerville
SCIAMACHY, Summer 2005
Kim, Frost et al.
NOx Emissions from Western US Urban Areas +
O3/PM Urban and/or High Ambient Concentration Areas
Build on satellite-model comparisons for power plants
Evaluate urban area emission inventories and monitor changes
Ozone and/or PM NAAQS
“Urban Nonattainment
Areas” or Populated Areas
“Very Near the NAAQS”
Denver/Northern
Front Range
Boise
Salt Lake City
Reno
Sacramento
San Francisco
Albuquerque
/ Santa Fe
Fresno
Bakersfield
Los Angeles
Las Vegas
Phoenix
El Paso
Tucson
SCIAMACHY, Summer 2005
Kim, Frost et al.
A Network of O3 sondes combined with aircraft
could greatly help to answer these questions
Kelowna
Planned
CalNex O3
sonde
network,
additional
sites would
be desirable
Trinidad
Head
Environment Canada permanent
ozonesonde sites
Redding
Granby
Point
Reyes
Highest
priority for
upwind sites
Oakdale
Morro Bay
Moderate
priority for
upwind site
Bratt's Lake
San Nicolas Is.
Barstow
Boulder
Rationale for this suggested network configuration
Trinidad Head: A background site, where sondes are already launched, and upwind of the ozone
non-attainment region of northern California.
Point Reyes: A background site upwind of Sacramento and San Francisco. A portable ground
station would have to be deployed here.
San Nicolas Island: A background site upwind of LA and San Diego. The Navy has indicated that
they would be interested in operating this site and already have the necessary equipment plus 24
sondes. NOAA could supplement this site with additional sondes.
Morro Bay: A background site roughly halfway between Point Reyes and San Nicolas Island,
upwind of the southern San Joaquin Valley. Portable ground station required.
Barstow: Downwind of LA. A portable ground station would be required.
Oakdale: A small town downwind of San Francisco and Point Reyes and upwind of Yosemite
National Park where ozone has been increasing. A portable ground station would be required. No
information on a launch facility, it's just a town in the right place.
Redding: Downwind of Trinidad Head and within an ozone nonattainment region even though it
has a fairly low population. Upwind of Mt. Lassen ozone monitor. Portable ground station required.
Boulder: There has been some interest from western air quality managers in participating in
CALNEX and looking at downwind air pollution. Boulder would be an easy site for monitoring
downwind ozone. Has an existing launch facility.
Granby: This site is directly upwind of Boulder but west of the Continental Divide, so it's as close
as you can get to the Front Range and still measure upwind ozone. Portable ground station
required.
Kelowna and Bratt's Lake: If the Canadians are interested in looking at long range ozone
transport to eastern Canada then these permanent sites could be activated.
CalNex 2010 Study Plans - Characterizing Air Pollutant Fluxes that Influence California
WRAP Requests Expansion to Include Fluxes that Influence other Southwestern States