Transcript Chapter 4 Section 1

Chapter 4
The Human World
Population by Years
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1000 AD – 500 million people
1800 AD – 1 billion people
2009 AD – 6.2 billion people
2025 AD – 7.8 billion people
2050 AD – 9 billion people
• WHAT FACTORS ARE CAUSING
POPULATION TO EXPLODE?
Birth/Death Rates
• Birth rates have out paced
death rates.
• Birth rate – number of births
per year for every 1000
people.
• Death rate – number of
deaths per year for every
1000 people.
Reasons for Increased Birth
Rates & Decreased Death Rates
Better Health Care
More Abundant Food
Population Distribution
• About 30% of the Earth’s surface is land,
but only a small part of that land can be
used for human settlement.
• Humans tend to gravitate towards regions
with fertile soil, available water, natural
resources, employment opportunities, and
mild climates.
• Most of Earth’s population is in Europe &
Asia.
Population Density
• Asia has the most densely populated areas
on Earth.
• The most densely populated area of the U. S. is
the Boston-New York-Philadelphia-Washington
Megalopolis.
Why do people continue to migrate
even with overcrowding?
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Move from rural to urban
(country to city) for job
opportunities.
Move to escape devastation of
war or natural disaster.
Move to get an education.
Move because of lack of water
or food.
• PEOPLE FEEL THEY
HAVE NO CHOICE
BUT TO MIGRATE!
Elements of Culture
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Language
Religion
Social Groups
Government
Economic Activities
Language
• Language unites peoples from many different
places on Earth.
• Spanish is spoken on every habitable continent
except Australia.
Religion
• Even though
religions are
different
throughout
the world,
they unify
different
people in
many places
in the world.
There are
Christians &
Muslims on
many
continents.
Social Groups
• Social groups provide a way
for members to work
together to meet needs.
• Ethnic Groups – people whom share a
common language, history, place of
origin.
Government
• Governments throughout the world share the
characteristics that they maintain order within a
country, protect the people who live there, and
provide people with needed services.
Levels & Types of Governments
Levels: Unitary System - All powers reside with the national government.
Federal System - Governmental powers a shared between national
government & state governments.
Types:
Autocracy- Rule resides with one individual. Leaders: emperors
Monarchy- Rule resides with one family. Leaders: kings/queens
Oligarchy- Rule by a small group. Leaders: Communist Party Politburo
Democracy- Rule by leaders whom have consent of the people.
Leaders: Prime Minister/President
Economic Systems
Economic Systems are how a
society divides up its scarce
resources.
Traditional Economy – habit & customs
determine the rules for economic activity
Market Economy – individuals and
private groups make decisions about
what to produce. (No Governmental
Interference.)
Mixed Economy – Government
supports & regulates free enterprise.
Command Economy – government
owns or directs the means of production.
The Exchange of Resources
Trading between countries is needed for the following reasons:
1) Countries are rich in different natural resources.
2) Countries can produce an excess of what is needed for their
own population’s survival.
3) Countries cannot produce needed goods.
Since trade is beneficial to countries of the world, a main
focus of the 21st century has been to eliminate barriers to
free trade.
North American Free Trade
Association (NAFTA)
European Union
How Can Countries Affect Others
Unintentionally?
Pollution
Russia polluted much of Eastern Europe with nuclear
fallout with the meltdown of the nuclear power plant
Chernobyl in 1986.
The United States polluted Southern Canada for
years with smokestack emissions from the Ohio
River Valley manufacturing center.