Transcript Chapter 3 Key Issue 4 - Mounds View Public Schools

Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
In the past, people migrated in the U.S. from more densely
populated areas to frontier areas where they could buy land
Now, most people migrate to a new region for a better job
-many also in the U.S. move for non-economic reasons
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Migrations Between
Regions Within the U.S.
The most famous example
of large-scale internal
migration is the settlement
of the American West
1790—first U.S. census
-the population center of
the U.S. was located in
Chesapeake Bay, east of
Baltimore
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
During the Colonial
Period, most
colonists stayed
along the coast
-they relied on
shipping links to
export materials
and receive product
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
By 1830, the population center was in West Virginia
-people were settling into the valleys east of the Appalachian
Mountains
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
By 1850s, canals allowed more interactions between east
and Midwest
Erie Canal allowed Great Lakes to connect with New York
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
During the
mid-1800s,
many also
settled in
California
By 1890,
the
population
center was
in Indiana
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
During the early 1800s, the population center moved
westward about 7 miles per year
From 1880 to 1950, the population center moved an average
of 3 miles per year to the west
Many new immigrants who came to the U.S. during this
time settled on the East coast
-this offset western migration
Also, many migrants began to settle on the Great Plains
-Dakota Territory grew from 14,000 in 1870 to
135,000 in 1880 to 539,000 by 1890
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
U.S. Population Density, 1890
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Four New Developments Which Allowed Agriculture to
Expand Into the Great Plains:
1. Barbed wire replaced wood fences
2. Steel plow could cut through thick sod
3. Windmills to pump water
4. Well-drilling equipment developed
Railroad expansion also encouraged more western settlement
These innovations also allowed more people to move into
the Great Plains area
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
From 1950 to 1980, U.S. center of population moved
westward an average of 6 miles per year
-there were many more people living in the West
1980—population center jumped the Mississippi River
During the 1980s and 1990s, 2 million new citizens moved
into the South
-for job opportunities
-center of population is now moving in a southwest direction
-since 1960, there are 5% more jobs each year in the South
-compared to 2% more for the rest of the country
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Many are also moving to the South for the warmer climate
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Migrations Between Regions in Other Countries:
Russia
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Soviet government built factories near the raw materials
rather than near the population centers
There were not enough people in these areas, so migration
was ‘stimulated’
Soviets wanted to develop the far north region of Siberia,
which contained 45% of the Soviet land area but only 2% of
its people
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
At first, they forced migration
Later, switched policy and provided incentives to encourage
migration
-higher wages, more paid holidays, earlier retirement
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Despite these incentives, people were reluctant to migrate to
Siberia because of the region’s harsh climate and remoteness
Since the fall of the USSR, the Russian government no
longer dictates ‘optimal’ locations for factories
The USSR also sent many Russian advisors into the other
Republics, to manage and work at the factories
Since the fall of the USSR, many of these Soviet Russians
have been discriminated against and forced to move back to
Russia
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Brazil—most Brazilians live in coastal cities
Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are two of the world’s top 10
populated cities
1 dot = 100,000 people
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
To stimulate movement to
utilize Brazil’s interior
areas, the government built
a new capital city (Brasilia)
in 1960
At first, very few people
moved to Brasilia
Recently, the government
has attracted factories,
which in turn has attracted
people to the city in search
of jobs
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Indonesia—since 1969, this government has paid to resettle
over 5 million people
-from Java to less populated island
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Families were given 5 acres of land, materials to build a
house, seeds and pesticides, and some food
This movement has slowed as less arable land is available
India—restricts migration to the state of Assam
Done to protect Asamese by limiting outsiders from taking
jobs or purchasing land in the region
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Migration Within One Region:
Intraregional migration—moving within the same region
Since 1800, most common intraregional migration has been
rural to urban
-1800—less than 5% lived in urban areas
-2006—about 50% live in urban areas
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
In the U.S.:
5% in urban areas in 1800
50% in urban areas by 1920
Today, about 75% live in
urban areas
-this is similar in other
MDCs
Worldwide, about 20 million
people migrate from rural to
urban areas each year
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
In Sao Paulo, Brazil,
about 300,000 people
migrate from rural to
urban each year
-not enough housing is
available
-must live in squatter
towns outside of the
city
-pushed from rural
areas by declining
agriculture
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Migration from Urban to Suburban:
In developed countries, most intraregional migration is now
from central cities to suburbs
Twice as many Americans migrate from central cities to
suburbs each year than migrate into central cities
Populations in most central cities have declined in north
America and Western Europe
-suburb population is rising sharply
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Reasons Why People Are Moving to Suburbs:
Usually not for economic opportunities, but for suburban
lifestyle
Detached house rather than apartment
Private yard
Garage/driveway makes it easier to store vehicles
Schools tend to be more modern
Lower crime rates
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Migration From Metropolitan to non-Metropolitan Areas
Counterurbanization—net migration from urban to rural
areas
In late 1990s, more people moved into rural areas than
emigrated out of them
Most counterurbanization represents migration from cities
and suburbs to small rural communities
-no definite boundary between suburbs and countryside
-most also move to rural areas for change in lifestyle
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Because of modern communication and transportation
systems, no location in an MDC is truly isolated
Many migrants into rural areas are retired people
1970s—many American factories have moved to rural areas
because of lower business costs
Polaris
These companies are being undersold by (mostly) Asian
companies
Result is that American factories have had to eliminate jobs
and move to more rural (less labor organized) areas
Why Do People Migrate Within
A Country?
Agricultural conditions in the U.S. have also worsened
-lower prices for farm products have caused many rural
bankruptcies
-this hurts the rural economy because farmers have often
borrowed much money and can no longer repay loans
-also causes higher unemployment rate in these areas
-many of these people must move to find economic
opportunity
The future of migration patterns in MDC’s is
unpredictable—where will people move next?