Transcript Density - Doral Academy Preparatory

Population Terms
Demography: the study of population data
Overpopulation: when resources cannot support the pop
Density: how many per area
Countries are displayed by size of population rather than land
area. Countries named have at least 50 million people.
World Population Clusters
66% clustered in four regions:
1. East Asia 25% (China, Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan)
2. South Asia 20% (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)
3. Europe (concentrated in cities)
4. North America (megalopolis of “Bowash”)
Ecumene:
 portion of Earth’s surface inhabitable for people
 We occupy less than 20% of Earth’s surface
Density
Arithmetic Density
Physiological Density
Arithmetic
Density: The total number of
people / area of land measured in km² or mi²
Physiological (Agricultural) Density: # of people
per unit of arable land (suitable for agriculture)
EGYPT
Arithmetic Density= 192
people/ sq.mi.
Physiological Density=
6,682 people/sq. mi.
Egypt’s arable lands are
along the Nile River Valley.
Moving away from the river a
few blocks, the land becomes
sandy and wind-sculpted.
Egypt’s population distribution is closely linked to the proximity of
water. In the north, the population clusters along the Mediterranean
and in the interior, along the banks of the Nile River. (2004)
World Pop Growth:
birth rate (b) − death rate (d) = rate of natural increase (r)
Population Characteristics
Crude Birth Rate: Births in a year
1000 people
Crude Death Rate :Deaths in a year
1000 people
Natural Increase: % growth of pop in a year
 DOES NOT INCLUDE MIGRATION
Population Characteristics
Doubling Time: # of years to double…
Doubling = 70/x
 x = % change
 10% change…doubling is 70/10= 7 years
Population Characteristics
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): # of births per women of
childbearing age
TFR of 2.1 = “ZPG” (zero pop growth)
Infant Mortality Rate: # of deaths under age 1
1000 live births
Population Characteristics
Life Expectancy: # of years to live
Life Expectancy at Birth (2003)
Men Women
US
74
80
Japan
78
85
Nepal
59
58
Kenya
46
46
France
76
83
A Population Bomb?
Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
- “father” of pop geo
- stated pop grows faster than resources
- lower CBR or global famine, war, disease
“Neo-Malthusians”
1. Pop “explosion” due to medical revolution
2. “stripping” world of resources
 Paul Ehrlich (1960s)
 warned of pop bomb in 1970s
Critics of Malthus: “Cornucopians”
cultural “possibilism”
2. Technology
1.
More people = more consumers, more creativity
“Cornucopian” S-curve
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
DTM: change in pop. due to industrialization;
better economy = less kids! (designed for W. Europe)
DTM- Stage 1
 High CBR
 Agricultural
 High Death Rate
 Epidemics
 Stationary growth…no country today
DTM- Stage 2
 High Birth Rate
 Declining Death Rate


agricultural improvements
medicine
 High growth
 Today: poor undeveloped; Sub-Saharan
African
DTM- Stage 3
 Declining Birth Rate
 wealth
 education; contraceptives
 Low Death Rate
 Slowing down
 Today: Mexico, South Africa, China
DTM- Stage 4
 Low Birth Rate
 women in workforce
 Low Death Rate
 Stationary Growth
 highly industrialized: U.S., U.K., France
Stage 5? Pop “Implosion”
Dependency Ratio:
# of people non workers (aged 0-14
/65+) relative to workers (15-64).
Population Pyramids
 “Age-Sex”
 stage in DTM gives country’s pop structure
Less Developed
(Periphery)
Developing
(Mexico, Brazil China)
Developed
(Core)
Rapid Growth
 stage
2 of DTM
 Large # of young, less older
Slow Growth
 stage 4 of DTM
 “Aging population”
 less young
NO GROWTH
 End of stage 4/stage 5
Pop
Pyramids
Of
U.S.
Cities
How many points for this essay?
Epidemiological Transition
Model
 Stages of the “medical revolution”
Pestilence and Famine
2. Receding Pandemics
3. Degenerative and Man-Made
Diseases
1.
Pro-growth Policies
 Pro-natal policies
 Communism
 USSR
 China: Mao Zedong (“every mouth to feed comes w/
2 hands”)
 Singapore’s National Niiiiiiiiiiight!
 Europe NOW
 tax breaks, cash to have kids
Restrictive Policies
China: “One-child” policy
- male preference for kids = many baby girls aborted or
abandoned
Solutions to Pop Growth
 Empowerment of Women
 Education
 Changing cultural norms to value girls
 Birth Control Policies