Transcript Units 1 & 2 Review

Spring 2015
5-10% of exam
Areas to Know:
•Latin America
:
everywhere from Mexico
south…but NOT USA
•Middle East: can include
Egypt
•East Asia: China
•South Asia: India
•Southeast Asia: primarily
areas like Vietnam,
Cambodia, Thailand,
Philippines, Indonesia
•Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand, nearby islands
•Remember that the divide
btwn Euro & Asia is in
Russia
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Location
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Place
H-E Interaction
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Absolute
Relative—relate to “situation”
Environmental Determinism: envir dictates what choices we
have (no snow skiing resorts in FL)
Possibilism: envir affects us but we can adjust and essentially
overcome envir (snow skiing in NC—we use the mtns and
some snow, then create our own snow)
Movement: see diffusion slide
Regions: see regions slide
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Projections: problem of distortion in all
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Robinson most common
Two common types
Reference: shows cities, boundaries, mtns, roads
 Thematic: shows a particular feature such as average
snowfall, language, voting patterns
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Small scale=more land shown, less detail
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World map
Large scale=less land shown, more detail
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Map of Wake Forest
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Formal (uniform)
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Functional (Nodal)
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Distinct characteristics recognized by all
EX: North Carolina (lines are drawn, recognized)
Organized around a focal point
Often ties to transportation, communication, or trade—
focuses on interactions
EX: The I-85 corridor or Atlanta Metro
Vernacular (perceptual)
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Based on personal beliefs and cultural identity
EX: The South: how to we define? (dialect, climate?)
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Relocation: spread through physical movement of
people
Expansion: snowball process
Hierarchical: starts with one key person, moves to others
who have direct access (does not affect the majority of
population)
 Contagious: rapid and widespread throughout a
population (like an illness)
 Stimulus: spread of an underlying idea, but not the entire
thing perhaps b/c of cultural barrier (McDonald’s sells
veggie burgers)
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GPS: use of satellites to determine absolute
location
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Google Maps
GIS: collection of spatial data that can be
manipulated into “layers” of information
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Google Earth
13-17% of exam
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Most populated:
 East Asia
 South Asia
 Western Europe
 North America
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CBR: # of live births each yr per 1000
CDR: # of deaths each yr per 1000
Doubling time: time for pop to double in size
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Total Fertility Rate: avg # of children born to a
woman in a lifetime
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2.1 required for pop to maintain
Infant Mortality Rate: # of babies who die w/in 1st
year
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Shorter time in many LDCs
Higher in LDCs
Life expectancy: avg length of life
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Higher in MDCs
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Arithmetic Density
 Avg population per unit of land
 Japan has higher density than USA (approx
880 vs 80 ppl per sq mile)
Physiological Density
 # of people per unit of ARABLE land
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Changes in population of countries experiencing
industrialization
Stage 1: high birth, high death=low pop growth
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Stage 2: high birth, low death=high pop growth
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Improvements in medicine and living conditions
Stage 3: moderate birth, low death=moderate
growth
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Many die from disease, famine
Lower birth rate b/c of delayed marriage/fewer kids
Stage 4/5: low birth, low death=low/zero growth
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Women are highly educated, working
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Represent population composition
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Age
Sex
Stage 1 or 2--looks like a pine tree
Stage 4 or 5: bulge in middle
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Expansive: countries who need to increase pop
(often Stage 4)
Restrictive: countries seeking to decrease pop
(often Stage 2)
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China=One child
India=sterilization
Eugenic: countries seeking to decrease pop by
killing off a segment
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Nazi Germany
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Cyclic: set pattern completed annually
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Periodic: temporary repeated relocation, return
to origin
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Transhumance: seasonal movement following
livestock
EX= college
Forced
Voluntary
Step: move occurs in stages to final destination
Chain: following kinship links
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1. every migration has a counter
migration
2. majority move a short distance
3. most choose big-city destinations
4. urban residents migrate less often
than rural
5. Young single adults most likely to
migrate
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1700s: Atlantic Slave Trade
1700s- 1800s: British movement to North
America, Australia, South Africa
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Movement to colonies in Asia/Africa, job
opportunities in America
WWII (asylum)
Post-CW and WWI: African American
migrations to American NE and Midwest
Most US migrants from Latin America today
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Push: what factors make life difficult in your
point of origin?
 EX: War, political policies, famine
Pull: What factors make it appealing to move?
 EX: Job opportunities, religious freedom,
quality of life
Consequences:
 POL=gov’t restrictions, immigration policies
 SOC/CUL=diffusion of culture, adaptation
to new area
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Many seek asylum in new areas
 Jews in WWII fled to Middle East
 Many areas of Africa today