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The Millennium Development Goals: Progress in Asia and the Pacific Shiladitya Chatterjee Head, Poverty Unit Asian Development Bank 1 October 2007, Manila, Philippines Challenges Facing the Asia-Pacific Region Extreme Poverty • Although dramatic improvements have occurred, 600 million poor still live in Asia-Pacific region Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006 Extreme Poverty • East Asia & Pacific will significantly surpass target • South Asia expected to marginally meet target Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007 Child Mortality • Problem affects entire developing Asia-Pacific region with the region accounting for 4 million deaths (over 40% of the world total). Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006 Child Mortality • South Asia may not meet target; East Asia and Pacific is currently on track Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007 Maternal Mortality • Widespread problem in region. Over 200,000 deaths constituting over 45% of world total Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006 Maternal Mortality • Considerable regional variation: East Asia better than Latin America; South Asia near Sub-Saharan Africa •Major data problems: no progress can be assessed HIV • About 6 million are affected (more than a 20% of world total) Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006 HIV • Asia has become a major region of concern. Several sub-regions are off-track (Central Asia, Pacific). HIV prevalence by region (2003-2005) HIV prevalence(million) 25 20 15 2003 10 2005 5 0 SubSaharan Africa North Africa and Middle East Asia Oceania Source: UNAIDS:2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic Latin America Caribbean Eastern Europe and Central Asia North America, Western ans Central Europe Primary Education • Progress good but more needs to be done in South Asia and the Pacific which are off-track Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006 Primary Education Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007 Gender Parity in Education • Progress good in eliminating gender disparity in education • Insufficient progress in participation and empowerment Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006 Gender Parity in Education • Parity reached in East Asia and Pacific; not yet in South Asia Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007 Access to Water • Over 650 million people do not have access to an improved water source accounting for about 60% of world’s population without access Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2006 Access to Water & Sanitation • East Asia is off track on both water and sanitation targets • South Asia off track on sanitation but will meet water target Source: Global Monitoring Report, 2007 Deprivations: Absolute Numbers People living in social and economic poverty in Asia and the Pacific People deprived in Asia-Pacific, selected indicators, latest Without basic sanitation, rural Millions 74.8 Infected w ith TB 1549 66.2 9 65.3 Under 5 underw eight 97 Without basic sanitation, urban 63.0 399 Without clean w ater, rural 61.1 Living below $1/day 54.4 Without clean w ater, urban 54.2 Maternal deaths 566 641 93 46.5 Deaths before 5 0.3 42.9 Out of primary school 4 34.5 Living w ith HIV 28 20.5 0 10 20 6 30 40 50 60 70 % of w orld, latest Source: ADB-UNDP-UNESCAP: MDG Progress Report 2007 for Asia-Pacific 80 • By absolute numbers of the deprived, AsiaPacific clearly faces the biggest challenge amongst developing regions of the world ADB Countries at Risk ADB DM Cs Off-Track in 25% and abov e Non-Income M DG Indicators Papua New Guinea 65% Turkmenistan 63% Bangladesh 60% Georgia 47% Micronesia 45% Indonesia 45% Pakistan Progress on nonincome poverty is unsatisfactory 44% Lao PDR 29 of ADB’s 43 developing member countries are “off track” in more than a quarter of the non-income MDG indicators 44% Cambodia 44% Vanuatu 40% Uzbekistan 40% Tajikistan 40% India 40% Philippines 40% Kyrgyztan 37% Kazakhstan 37% Nepal 37% Myanmar 37% Kiribati 35% Azerbaijan 35% Palau 33% Bhutan 33% Af ghanistan 31% Republic of Korea 31% Marshall Islands 31% Vietnam 30% Armenia 29% China 29% Hongkong, China 25% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Pe rce ntage of Indicators Off-Track Source: ADB-UNESCAP-UNDP. 2007. The Millennium Development Goals: Progress in Asia and the Pacific 2007 (forthcoming). 60% 70% MDG Sectors at Risk in ADB Countries Percentage of ADB-DMCs Off-Track in Non-Income MDG Sectors CO2 emissions 62% Sanitation rural 58% Water rural 53% Underweight children 53% Infant mortality 52% – – – – – – 45% Forest cover Under-5 mortality 38% Gender tertiary 38% Water urban 36% Reaching grade 5 36% 33% Primary enrolment Sanitation urban 32% Primary completion rate 28% 23% TB death rate TB prevalence rate CO2 emissions Sanitation Access to water Underweight children Infant mortality Forest cover 21% HIV prevalence 18% Gender secondary 16% Gender primary 15% ODP CFC consumption Protected area • Most significant concerns in ADB’s DMCs are 12% 0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Pe rce ntage of DM Cs Off-Track ADB = Asian Development Bank, CFC = chloroflouro carbon, CO2= carbon dioxide, DMC = developing member country, HIV= human immunodeficiency virus, MDG = Millennium Development Goal, TB = tuberculosis. Source: ADB-UNESCAP-UNDP. 2007. The Millennium Development Goals: Progress in Asia and the Pacific 2007 (forthcoming). • Data not available to track progress on maternal mortality Data Issues: Data Gaps • Update uses 21 indicators out of 32 indicators relating to goals 1-7. • Within these, data on some countries are not available to derive progress indicators. • Much more effort and capacity to compile MDG related data is necessary. Data Issues: Data Gaps Data Issues: Disaggregating MDG Data • • • • Rural: Urban Income classes Sub-national administrative regions Gender Thank You [email protected]