Transcript Chapter 4 Vocabulary - Los Fresnos School District

Science Vocabulary
acceleration
aceleración
• A change in velocity divided by the
amount of time needed for the change
to occur; takes place when an object
speeds up, slows down, or changes
direction.
• El cambio en velocidad dividido entre la cantidad de
tiempo que se necesita para que ocurre el cambio; se
presenta cuando un cerpo acelera, decelera o cambia
de dirección.
acceleration = change in speed
time
aceleraci—n = cambio en rapidez
cantidad de tiempo
a = (final speed - initial speed)
t
a = (rapidez final - rapidez inicial)
t
acceleration = change in speed
time
aceleraci—n = cambio en rapidez
cantidad de tiempo
a = (final speed - initial speed)
t
a = (rapidez final - rapidez inicial)
t
F
a
m
• Divide F by m to find acceleration (a)
F
a
m
F = 0.49 N
m = 0.05 g
F
a
m
F = 0.49 N
m = 0.05 g
0.45
a
m
F = 0.49 N
m = 0.05 g
0.45
a
0.05
0.45
F
a=
m
0.49 N
a=
0.05 kg
a
0.05
0.45
F
a=
m
a
0.49 N
a=
0.05 kg
2
a = 9.8 m/s
0.05
F = 68.6 N
m = 7.0 g
F
a
m
F = 68.6 N
m = 7.0 g
68.6
a
m
F = 68.6 N
m = 7.0 g
68.6
a
7.0
F = 68.6 N
m = 7.0 g
68.6
a
7.0
F
a=
m
68.6 N
a=
7 kg
68.6
a
7.0
F
a=
m
68.6 N
a=
7 kg
2
a = 9.8 m/s
F
a=
m
F
a=
m
0.49 N
a=
0.05 kg
2
a = 9.8 m/s
68.6 N
a=
7 kg
2
a = 9.8 m/s
displacement
desplazmiento
• It measure the distance and
direction from a starting
point to an ending point.
• Lo que mide la distancia y dirección
desde un punto initial hasta un punto
terminal.
compound
machine
maquinas combinada
• It is a combination of simple
machines
• Es una combination de máquinas
simple
force
fuerza
• A push or a pull;
• SI unit is the newton.
• Es un empuje o un halón;
• el newton es la unidad SI
energy
energia
• The ability to cause
change
La capacidad de causar cambios
friction
fricción
• The force that resists motion
between two touching surfaces
and always acts opposite to
the direction of motion.
• La fuerza resistente al movimiento entre dos
superficies en contacto y que siempre actúa
opuesta a la dirección del movimiento.
kinetic energy
energía cinética
• The energy an object has due
to its motion.
• La energía que tiene un cerpo debido a
su movimiento.
average speed (rate)
rápidez media
• The rate of motion calculated
by dividing the distance
traveled by the amount of time
it takes to travel that distance.
• La tasa de moviemento que se calcula
dividiendo la distancia recorrida entre la
cantidad de tiempo que se tarda en recorrer
esa distancia.
speed (rate) = total distance traveled
travel time
velocidad = distancia recorrida
tiempo que se tarda
s= D
t
r= D
t
D
s
t
• divide D by t to find speed (s)
D
r
t
• divide D by t to find rate (r)
Inclined Plane
• It is a flat surface that is
higher on one end.
• You can use this machine
to move an object to a
lower or higher place
• Makes the work of
moving things easier.
You would need less
energy and force to move
objects with it.
inertia
inercia
• The tendency to resist a
change in motion.
• La tendencia a resistir un cambio
en movimiento.
instaneous speed
rapidez instantánea
• The speed of an object at
any given time.
• La raidez de un cuerpo en
cualquier momento dado.
gravity
gravedad
• The pull that all objects
with mass exert other
matter
• el halón que todo cuerpo con massa
ejerce sobre otro cuerpo
potential energy
energía potencial
• The energy stored in an
object due to its position.
• La energía almacenada en un cuerpo
debido a su posición.
Lever
• It is a board or bar that rests on a
turning point. This turning point is
called the fulcrum.
• An object that a lever moves is called
the load.
• The closer the object is to the fulcrum,
the easier it is to move.
mechanical advantage
ventaja mecánica
• A number of times a
machine multiples the
effort force you apply to it.
• El número de veces que una
máquina multiplica la fuerza de
esfuerzo que se le aplica.
Mechanical Advantage = output force
input force
ventaja mechanica = redimiento de esfuerzo
esfuerzo consumida
(Fo)
MA =
(Fi )
Isaac Newton
(Newton's) first law of motion
primera ley del movimiento
• It states that an object at rest will
remain at rest or moving in a
straight line at a constant speed
unless a force acts on it.
• Se establece que un cuerpo en reposo
permanece en reposo o se mueve en linea
recta a una velocidad constante a menos que
una fuerza actúe sobre él.
(Newton's) second law of motion
segunda ley del movimiento
• It states that net force
acting on an object causes
the object to accelerate in
the direction of the force.
• Se establece que la fuerza neta que
actúa sobre un cuerpo el la causa de
que tal cuerpo acelere en la dirección
de la fuerza.
(Newton's) third law of motion
tercera ley del movimiento
• It states that when a force is
applied on an object, an equal
force is applied by the object
in the opposite direction.
• Se establece que cuando se le aplica
una fuerza a un cerpo, éste aplica una
fuerza semejante en dirección
contraria.
Newton's Third Law of
Motion
This law states that when an
object exerts a force on a
second object the second
exerts an equal force on the
first object, but in the
opposite direction.
Person 1 is pushing person
2 with say a force of 150
newtons. Even though
person 2 doesn't budge she
is also pushing back 150
newtons. If she didn't she
would topple over.
Try this: Get a friend and two wheel carts. Sit on it so you're
facing each other, palm against palm like in figure 4. Mark
where you are starting from, the space between the two
carts. One of you push off. How far did you travel? Did you
both go the same distance even though only one of you
pushed off?
Pulley
• It is made up of a wheel
and a rope. The rope fits
on the groove of the
wheel. One part of the
rope is attached to the
load.
• When you pull on one
side of the it, the wheel
turns and the load will
move.
• This device allows you to
move loads up, down, or
sideways.
Screw
• It is made from another
simple machine.
• It is actually an inclined
plane that winds around
itself. It has ridges and
is not smooth like a nail.
• Some of them are used
to lower and raise
things.
• They are also used to
hold objects together.
simple machine
máquina simple
• A device that makes work easier with
only one movement; can change the
size or direction of a force, and
includes the wedge, screw, lever,
wheel and axle, pulley, and inclined
plane.
• Lo que dispositivo que facilita el trabajo con un
moviemento solamente; puede cambiar el
tamaño o la dirección de una fuerza; entre este
tipo de máquina se incluyen la cuña, el tornillo, la
palanca, la rueda y eje, la polea y el plano
inclinado.
velocity
velocidad
• It includes speed and direction of
a moving body; average velocity
can be calculated by dividing
displacement by time.
• La rapidez y dirección de un cuerpo en
movimiento; la velocidad promedio se puede
calcular dividiendo el desplazamiento entre el
tiempo.
velocity = displacement
time
velocidad = desplazamiento
tiempo
V= d
t
Wedge
• It is used to push an
object(s) apart.
• It is made up of two
inclined planes.
These planes meet
and form a sharp
edge.
• The edge can split
things apart.
Wheel and Axle
• It has an axle which is a rod that
goes through the wheel.
• The axle lets the wheel turn.
• Together, these devices allow things
to be moved easily from place to
place.
axle
wheel
work
trabajo
• It is done when an applied
force causes an object to move
in the direction of the force.
• Lo que se lleva cabo cuando una fuerza
aplicada causa el movimiento de una cuerpo
en la dirección de la fuerza.