Transcript FLORA AND FAUNA OF TURKIYE

HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ SECONDARY SCHOOL
2012-2014 COMENIUS PROJECT
FLORA AND FAUNA OF TURKEY
FLORA AND FAUNA OF TURKIYE
Ada çayı (Salvia),
Salvia is the largest genus of plants in the mint
family, Lamiaceae, with approximately 700–
900 species of shrubs, herbaceous perennials,
and annuals.[2][3] It is one of several genera
commonly referred to as sage.
The genus is distributed throughout the Old
World and the Americas, with three distinct
regions of diversity: Central and South America
(approx. 500 species); Central Asia and
Mediterranean (250 species); Eastern Asia (90
species).
Göknar ya da köknar (Abies),
(Abies) is a genus of 48–55 species of evergreen coniferous tree in the family Pinaceae.
It is found through much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa,
occurring in mountains over most of the range.
Firs are most closely related to the genus Cedrus (cedar); Douglas firs are not true firs, being of
the genus Pseudotsuga.
All native species reach heights of 10–80 m (30–260 ft) tall and trunk diameters of 0.5–4 m (2–12 ft)
when mature.
Firs can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by unique way of attachment of their
needle-like leaves and by their different cones.
Anadolu sığla ağacı (Liquidambar
orientalis),
Liquidambar orientalis, commonly known as
oriental sweetgum or Turkish sweetgum,[1] is a
deciduous tree in the genus Liquidambar,
native to the eastern Mediterranean region,
that occurs as pure stands mainly in the flood
plains of southwestern Turkey and on the
Greek island of Rhodes. The forests of this
Tertiary relict endemic taxon are found notably
within a specially protected area between
Dalyan and Köyceğiz in Muğla Province, where
a 286 hectares zone is set aside as a nature
reserve and arboretum for the preservation of
the species. A large stand also surrounds
Marmaris. These two areas are the better
known oriental sweetgum forests
Galanthus nivalis,snowdrop(kardelen)
Galanthus nivalis is the best-known and most widespread representative of the genus
Galanthus. It is native to a large area of Europe, stretching from the Pyrenees in the west,
through France and Germany to Poland in the north, Italy, Bulgaria, Northern Greece,
Ukraine, and European Turkey. Galanthus (Snowdrop; Greek gála "milk", ánthos "flower")
is a small genus of about 20 species of bulbous herbaceous plants in the family
Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.[1] Most flower in winter, before the vernal
equinox (20 or 21 March in the Northern Hemisphere), but certain species flower in early
spring and late autumn.
Taraxacum officinale,
Taraxacum officinale, the common dandelion
(often simply called "dandelion"), is a
flowering herbaceous perennial plant of the
family Asteraceae (Compositae). It can be
found growing in temperate regions of the
world, in lawns, on roadsides, on disturbed
banks and shores of water ways, and other
areas with moist soils. T. officinale is
considered a weed, especially in lawns and
along roadsides, but it is sometimes used as a
medical herb and in food preparation
Campanula ekimiana – Kızılcahamam çançiçeği –
Kızılcahamam çıngırakotu (Campanulaceae –
Çançiçegiller)
In Turkıye there are 112 species of it.It is in the list of endangered flowers.we can see it
in july.
Centaurea tchihatcheffii – Yanardöner – Sevgi çiçeği
(Asteraceae – Papatyagiller)
It is only one year plant.
It is found in Ankara and
Afyon.
It is planted in the fields on
may and june.
Astragalus beypazaricus – Beypazarı geveni
(Fabaceae – Baklagiller)
It is a Critically endangered plant which is discovered by
the german and turkish researchers.Its populatıon is
weak and grown at the 600 m high.It takes its name
from the city that it growns
Crocus asumaniae – Asuman çiğdemi
(Iridaceae – İrisgiller)
It’s grown in 900-1250 m high on the quercus forests.We can see it on october
and december.It’s found in Antalya in the mediterrenean part of Turkey.This
beautiful crocus takes its name from the botanist Prof.Dr.Asuman Baytop
Cyclamen trochopteranthum - Siklamen
(Primulaceae – Çuhaçiçeğigiller)
Cyclamen ,which is widely found in Balear islands in the west,İran in the east,the Alps
and karpat mountains in the North,Tunus in the South ,is represented with 21 different
species.From them 10 species are found in Turkiye and 6 species are endemic.For this
reason Turkiye is accepted as the gen center of cyclamens.
Verbascum lydium ssp lydium
(Scrophulariaceae – Sıracaotugiller)
It’s a two year old
plant and it grows in
0-1400 m.high in
pinus forest ,nearby
the roads.
Anatolia is a gen pool
fort his plant.
We can see it on may
and june in
Bursa,İzmir and
Muğla
Achillea ketenoglui – Ankara civanperçemi
(Asteraceae – Papatyagiller)
It is a Critically endangered plant.According to the mithology,Akhilleus used this
plant fort he first time in the Troya wars to stop bleeding of the soldiers.
This species is the one of the 43 plants that grown in Turkey.
It is found in the 1400-1800 m. high nearby rivers,mountains in İzmir and Konya.
Aethionema turcicum – Türk kayagülü
(Brassicacea – Turpgiller)
This plant is Critically endangered and generally found in Ankara ,the capital city of
Turkey.We can see it on may ,june in the 840 -1200 m.high.This plant has 41
species in Turkey.
Fritillaria carica – Karya ters lalesi, Ağlayan gelin
(Lilaceae – Zambakgiller)
F.Carica is found in 200-1500 m.high in rocky places,Pinus forest and Pinus
nigra forest in march and may in İzmir,Muğla and Antalya.
It’s also called as a crying bride as water is collected at nights on it and in
the morning water drops to the ground.So it looks like a crying lady.
Sedum lydium
(Crassulaceae – Damkoruğugiller)
This plant is found in 1200
m.high on the wet parts of
the mountains in june and
july.
It spreads in the west ,South
west and middle Anatolia of
Turkiye.
Jasione supina ssp tmolea
(Campanulaceae – Çançiçegiller)
It is only found
in active rocky
parts of the
mountains in
İzmir in the
Aegean Region
of Turkey in
2000-2100
m.high in july
and august
Muscari azureum - Keşişbaşı
(Lilaceae – Zambakgiller)
It is found in 1500-2600
m.high in rocky parts of
the mountains ,near the
alpin lakes in
Adana,Amasya,Erzincan,İç
el,Niğde in march and
april.
Muscari muscarimi – Misksümbülü, Müşkülüm, Misk
soğanı, Dağ misgisi, Dedegülü
(Lilaceae – Zambakgiller)
It is found in 8001920 m.high on the
steps in Antalya and
Denizli in may and
june.
It is collected and
used for the
cosmetics sector due
to its beautiful smell.
Hyacinthella glabrescens
(Lilaceae – Zambakgiller)
This plant is
found in 6001300 m.high
dry lands
which is under
the pinus and
melting snows
on march and
april in
Adana,İçel and
Niğde.
Bellevalia rixii - Mor sümbül
(Lilaceae – Zambakgiller)
It is discovered in Çuh by Rix in 1972.It is only found in 2800-3000m. high in may in Van
province ,the eastern part of Turkey
Stachys tmolea
(Lamiaceae – Ballıbabagiller)
Itis found 200-1900 m.high on active rockies,and stony shores of the seas in may
and august in west, North west and middle Anatolia
Sideritis akmanii
(Lamiaceae – Ballıbabagiller)
It is found in 1520-1550 m .high in july and august in
Afyon and İzmir, the western parts of Turkıye.
Its populatıon is under the risk of endangered due to
collecting herbal tea
Salvia cryptantha – Kara ot, Anadolu halısı
(Lamiaceae – Ballıbabagiller
Salvias are plants
that has value both
economically and
medically as well.
It is generally used
for making herbal
tea.In the world
there are 700-900
species and ın
Turkey there are 92
species and half of
them are endemic.
S.cryptantha is
grown 700-2500
m.high on dry
steppes,fields,and
nearby the roads on
may,july in the
central Anatolia
Paronychia anatolica ssp balansae
(Illecebraceae)
It is only found on rocky parts of the mountains in İzmir in may and july.
Lathyrus undulatus – İstanbul Nazendesi
(Fabaceae – Baklagiller)
It is found in 0-900 m.high nearby the roads and forests
in april and in june in the North west part of
Anatolia.Rich populations can be found in the Asia part
of İstanbul
Euphorbia anacampseros var tmolea
Euphorbiaceae – Sütleğengiller)
It is only found1200 m.high rocky parts of the mountains
and frigana in june in İzmir
Minuartia saxifraga ssp tmolea
(Caryophllaceae – Karanfilgiller)
It is found in 1900-2150 m.high stoney lands in juneaugust in İzmir
FAUNA OF TURKEY
TURKISH VAN CAT , VAN KEDİSİ
The Van cat is a distinctive landrace of
domestic cat, found mainly in the Lake
Van region of eastern Turkey. It is large,
all-white, and frequently odd eyed.[1][2]
The naturally occurring Van cat type is
popularly believed[weasel words] to be basis
of the Turkish Van breed, internationally
selectively bred with a more recently
developed ruddy colouring pattern on the
white, as standardised and recognised by
many cat fancier organisations. However,
one of the breeds' founders has stated
that none of the original cats used to
found the formal breed came from the
Lake Van area, but other parts of
Turkey.[3][4]:114 The capitalised and runtogether term "Turkish Vankedisi" is
confusingly used by some organisations
as a name for all-white specimens of the
formal Turkish Van breed.[5]
•
•
THE KANGAL DOG is a breed of livestock guardian dog, originating from the Kangal
district in Sivas Province, Turkey. It is of an early mastiff type with a solid, pale tan
or sabled coat, and with a black mask. According to the official Kangal
organisations in Turkey - Cynology Federation Of Turkey (KIF) and Ankara Kangal
Derneği (ANKADER) Kangals in Turkey may also be brindle[1] or recessive black tan
pattern;[2] with or without a black mask; and/or with white markings.[3]
While the Kangal is often referred to as a sheep dog, it is not a herding dog, but
rather a flock guardian that lives with the flock of sheep to actively fend off
wolves, bears and jackals. The Sivas Kangal Dog's protectiveness, loyalty and
gentleness with small children and animals has led to its growing popularity as a
guardian for families as well, as it regards people as its "flock" and guards them
with extreme devotion
The Anatolian leopard (Panthera pardus
tulliana),
•
The Anatolian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana), also called the Asia Minor leopard, is a
leopard subspecies native to southwestern Turkey. Its continued existence is uncertain .The
Anatolian leopard was first described on the basis of a single specimen in the extreme west
of Asia Minor, near Izmir in Turkey.[2] In eastern Turkey, their range converges with the range
of Caucasian leopards.[3] Anatolian leopards once prowled the forest and hill habitats of the
Aegean, Mediterranean, and eastern Anatolian regions. During surveys carried out between
1993 and 2002, zoologists found evidence of leopards in the upper forest and alpine zones of
the eastern Pontic Mountains, where human population is low. In this area their prey consists
of wild ungulates including deer, chamois, wild goats, wild boar, mountain hare and
Caucasian grouse.[4]
Bombus;tüylü arı
Bumblebees are social insects that are characterised by black and yellow
body hairs, often in bands. However, some species have orange or red on
their bodies, or may be entirely black.[2] Another obvious (but not
unique) characteristic is the soft nature of the hair (long, branched
setae), called pile, that covers their entire body, making them appear and
feel fuzzy.
Kara akbaba (Aegypius monachus),
• There are only 100 aegypius monachus in Turkey.They terminate dead
animls in the nature so they help to prevent spreading illnesses.
Alageyik (Cervus dama).
Cervus dama is
one of the
critically
endangered
animals in
Turkey.It is
hoped to still
exist in the
rocky mountains
of the
Mediterrenean
Region.
Mısır kobrası ya da çöl kobrası
(Walterinnesia aegyptia).
It is the only species that exist in Turkey.
Kurbağa balığı (Uranoscopus scaber),
It is widespread along the Atlantic coast of Europe and Africa, is very common
in the Mediterranean and Black Sea, and somewhat rare in the Bay of Biscay.[1]
It is a demersal fish, which lives in sandy or muddy sand sediments along the
upper slope of the continental shelf, between depths of 14-400 meters.[2] It is
not an economically important fish, primarily caught as by-catch, but is
ecologically important.[3]
Tırtak (Delphinus delphis), Bayağı
yunus
•
The short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) is a species of common
dolphin. It has a larger range than the long-beaked common dolphin (D. capensis),
occurring throughout warm-temperate and tropical oceans, with the possible
exception of the Indian Ocean.[4] There are more short-beaked common dolphins
than any other dolphin species in the warm-temperate portions of the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans.[5] It is also found in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas.
Ankara goat(ankara keçisi)
This type of goat is only found around Ankara,in the Central Anatolia Region in Turkey.
Lekeli semender (Salamandra
salamandra),
It is found in Erzincan, Bitlis, Adana, Mersin, Hatay ve South eastern Anatolia Region
Dubar (Mugil cephalus),
The flathead mullet, Mugil cephalus, is a mullet of the genus Mugil in the
family Mugilidae, found in coastal tropical and subtropical waters worldwide.
Its length is typically 30 to 75 centimetres (12 to 30 in). This species occurs
worldwide
Tatlısu levreği (Perca fluviatilis),
Perca fluviatilis, commonly known as the European perch, perch, redfin
perch or English perch, is a predatory species of perch found in Europe
and Asia. The species is a popular quarry for anglers, and has been widely
introduced beyond its native area, into Australia, New Zealand, and South
Africa and Turkey. They have caused substantial damage to native fish
populations in Australia.
Batoidea,vatoz
Batoidea is a superorder of cartilaginous fish commonly known as rays
and skates, containing more than 500 described species in thirteen
families. They are in the fish subclass Elasmobranchii, along with
sharks.They are closely related to sharks, from which they can be
distinguished by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins that are
fused to the head, and gill slits that are placed on their ventral surfaces.
Kara akrep (Androctonus crassicauda),
It is too dangerous for human’s life.They are found in
Şanlıurfa, Mardin, Diyarbakır, Batman, Elazığ, Malatya, Adana,
Mersin
camel;deve
Especially in Cappadocia area camels are used for tourism and in the
western part of Turkey they are used for camel wrestling shows.
İskender papağanı (Psittacula
eupatria),
The Alexandrine Parakeet is the largest species of all Parakeet (small Parrot with long
tail) species, thus often being the largest Parrot in their native range. This species
measures 58 cm (23 in) in total length with a wing length averaging 18.9–21.5 cm
(7.5–8.5 in) and a tail length of 21.5–35.5 cm (8.5–14.0 in). Adult birds commonly
weigh between 200 and 300 g (7.1 and 11 oz).[4][5] It is mainly green with a bluegrey sheen on its cheeks and nape
The Red-crested Pochard (Netta
rufina) Macar ördeği
•
The Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina) is a large diving duck. Its breeding habitat
is lowland marshes and lakes in southern Europe and Central Asia,the
Mediterrenean region,Black Sea Region in Turkey. wintering in the Indian
Subcontinent and Africa. It is somewhat migratory, and northern birds winter
further south into north Africa.
Altın çakal (Canis aureus), Bayağı çakal
The golden jackal (Canis aureus), also known as the common jackal, Asiatic
jackal[3] or reed wolf[4] is a canid ,in all parts of Turkey due to its widespread range
in areas with optimum food and shelter.[1] It is a social species, whose basic social
unit consists of a breeding pair, followed by its offspring. The golden jackal is
highly adaptable, being able to exploit many foodstuffs, from fruit and insects to
small ungulates.
Dall yaban koyunu (Ovis dalli),
The Dall sheep (originally Dall's sheep), Ovis dalli, is a species of sheep
native to northwestern North America, ranging from white to slate brown in
color and having curved yellowish brown horns. Its closest relative is the
more southern subspecies, Stone sheep (also spelled Stone's sheep) (Ovis
dalli stonei), which is a slaty brown with some white patches on the rump
and inside the hind legs
The Akbash Dog;Akbaş dog
The Akbash Dog (from Turkish: Akbaş, literally "white head" [1]) is native to western Turkey
in the region known as the Akbaş, and it is primarily used as a livestock guardian dog. . The
Akbash Dog is thought to be a Turkish version of white livestock guardian breed similar to
those found in and around the northern Mediterranean Basin. The Akbash Dog has its
unique combination of molosser and sighthound qualities.
This breed was introduced to North America in the 1970s by Americans Judith and David
Nelson[2] who had been conducting research on white coloured dogs in Turkey.