Transcript Climate Change Act & Carbon Budgets

Where it started:
PPS22:
The Government’s Objectives
The Government’s energy policy, including its policy on renewable
energy, is set out in the Energy White Paper2. This aims to put the UK
on a path to cut its carbon dioxide emissions by some 60% by 2050,
with real progress by 2020, and to maintain reliable and competitive
energy supplies.
The development of renewable energy, alongside improvements in
energy efficiency and the development of combined heat and power,
will make a vital contribution to these aims.
The Government has already set a target to generate 10% of
UK electricity from renewable energy sources by 2010. The
White Paper set out the Government’s aspiration to double
that figure to 20% by 2020, and suggests that still more
renewable energy will be needed beyond that date.
PPS22:
KEY PRINCIPLES
1. Regional planning bodies and local planning
authorities should adhere to the following key
principles in their approach to planning for
renewable energy:
(i) Renewable energy developments should be capable
of being accommodated throughout England in
locations where the technology is viable and
environmental, economic, and social impacts can be
addressed satisfactorily.
RSS:
Renewable Energy Generation
3.177 Achieving the commitments set nationally by the Energy White Paper will
require at least 40% of electricity to be generated from renewable sources by
2060. In the shorter term the Government is committed to the achievement of
10% renewable electricity by 2010 and is aiming for 20% by 2020.
Policy 39
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
Strategies, plans and programmes, and planning proposals should:
a. facilitate the generation of at least 10% of the Region’s consumption of
electricity from renewable sources within the Region by 2010 (454 MW minimum
installed capacity);
b. aspire to further increase renewable electricity generation to achieve
20% of regional consumption by 2020;
3.194 In particular, Kielder Forest is highlighted as having significant potential for
wind energy development on a regionally strategic scale. Realising the potential in
this area will be essential to meeting the regional aspiration of 20% renewables by
2020, although this will be dependent on overcoming MoD constraints and any
environmental constraints.
RSS:
All Targets are not Equal
“PPS22 states that RSSs should contain an indication of the output that might be
expected to be achieved from offshore renewables, based on where the
electricity comes ashore. The East Midlands, East of England, North East, South
East, South West and Yorkshire and Humber have all identified a contribution
from offshore renewables, although the way in which this is presented differs
considerably. The East Midlands and East of England have identified a separate
contribution from offshore renewables that is not included in their overall
regional targets. The South East, South West, Yorkshire and Humber and the North
West have included offshore renewables in their overall renewable energy
targets, although this can be disaggregated from onshore projects. Owing to
their geographical position, neither the West Midlands nor London have
identified a contribution from offshore renewables. The North East has not
considered offshore renewables in its existing targets, although it is expected
that it may play a significant role by 2020.”
Source: Renewable Energy Capacity in Regional Spatial Strategies – July 2009
Department for Communities and Local Government:
http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/renewableenergyreport.pdf
RSS
All Targets are not Equal
Compare – The South East
10% by
2020
And the S.E. INCLUDES Off-shore!
RSS:
All Target Monitoring is not Equal
4.5 Monitoring
The ways in which regional assemblies (RA) monitor and report progress
towards meeting their renewable energy targets varies significantly across
England.
• installed capacity should be reported for (a) renewable energy
developments / installations granted planning permission and (b)
completed renewable energy developments / installations
• where renewable energy technologies are aggregated in reporting, the
aggregation should allow for comparison with the renewable energy
statistics database supported by the Department for Business, Innovation
and Skills (see www.restats.org.uk)
Information sources and methods used by regional assemblies to monitor
progress are summarised below:
• RESTATS
• BIS energy trends data
• Ofgem ROC register
• energy consumption data ......
Source: Renewable Energy Capacity in Regional Spatial Strategies – July 2009
Department for Communities and Local Government:
http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/renewableenergyreport.pdf
RSS:
All Progress is not Equal
4.7 Conclusions
Research reveals that the overarching message is one of variety across the
regions. Key messages include:
• variation in the way that renewable energy targets are presented, both in
terms of form and content
• variation in the treatment of offshore renewable energy contributions
• variation in the scope and date of evidence bases, with a need to revisit
assessments and targets, particularly in relation to sub-regional targets and
2020 targets
• progress towards 2010 renewable energy targets range from 80% delivery
in the South East to just 29% in the South West
• progress towards 2020 targets range from 47% delivery in the West
Midlands to 5% in the East Midlands
• currently only 3.2% total electricity consumption in England is provided
from renewable energy sources. A target of between 30% and 35% as
proposed in the draft RES is therefore ambitious
Source: Renewable Energy Capacity in Regional Spatial Strategies – July 2009
Department for Communities and Local Government:
http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/renewableenergyreport.pdf
Climate Change Act & Carbon Budgets
It is important to recognise that these reductions are based upon 1990 levels and
they are reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
The UK has already achieved a 22% reduction by 2008
“the net UK carbon account in 2008 was 606.7 MtCO2e.
This is 22% below base year emissions, which were 777.8 MtCO2e”
http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/what_we_do/lc_uk/carbon_budgets/carbon_budgets.aspx
STOP PRESS 31st March 2011
This statement shows that, in 2009, net UK emissions were 561.8 million
tonnes of carbon dioxide-equivalent (MtCO2e). This is 54.2 MtCO2e
(8.8%) less than net UK emissions in 2008.
However, 13.5 MtCO2e worth of carbon units were sold in 2009 by
companies in the UK operating under the EU Emissions Trading System
(EU ETS). Taking into account the use of these carbon units, this means
the net UK carbon account in 2009 was 575.3 MtCO2e.
26.5% below base year emissions, which
This is
were 783.1 MtCO2e
http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/what_we_do/lc_uk/carbon_budgets/carbon_budgets.aspx
National (Targets)
2010 10% of Electricity Consumption
2020 20%
“
“
34% CO2 reduction
2060 40% of Electricity Consumption
North East (Targets):
2010 454MW Installed Capacity
2020 20% of Electricity Consumption - Aspiration
Northumberland (Targets):
2010 212MW Installed Capacity
2020 20% of Electricity Consumption - Aspiration
NOTE:
There is NO 30% Target for Northumberland or the NE in 2020
Is the Policy a Success?
How do we judge our progress towards these targets?
We need two sets of information:
1. Electricity Consumption
2. Renewable Energy development information.
1. Electricity Consumption.
Electricity consumption at regional and local authority level, 2009
All consumers
NUTS4
Code
UKC2101
UKC2102
UKC2103
UKC2104
UKC1409
UKC1300
UKC1403
UKC1410
UKC1411
UKC2201
UKC1101
UKC1201
UKC2202
UKC2203
UKC1202
UKC1406
UKC2204
UKC1102
UKC2300
UKC1407
UKC2105
UKC2106
UKC1408
NUTS4 Area
Alnwick
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Blyth Valley
Castle Morpeth
Chester-le-Street
Darlington
Derwentside
Durham
Easington
Gateshead
Hartlepool
Middlesbrough
Newcastle upon Tyne
North Tyneside
Redcar and
Cleveland
Sedgefield
South Tyneside
Stockton-on-Tees
Sunderland
Teesdale
Tynedale
Wansbeck
Wear Valley
UKC
TOTAL
Sales 2009 GWh
151.9
175.9
299.2
193.0
147.7
472.9
317.3
400.0
395.2
892.7
482.2
617.8
1,345.4
820.1
1,007.6
423.4
473.9
1,138.7
1,243.3
122.4
508.3
182.9
222.4
12,034
Northumberland
Sales 2009 GWh
151.9
175.9
299.2
193.0
508.3
182.9
1,511
NE Average
Northumberland
Consumption Average Consumption MW
MW
17.3
17.3
20.1
20.1
34.1
34.1
22.0
22.0
16.8
54.0
36.2
45.6
45.1
101.8
55.0
70.5
153.5
93.6
114.9
48.3
54.1
129.9
141.8
14.0
58.0
20.9
25.4
1372
58.0
20.9
172
Electricity consumption at regional and local authority level, 2009
All consumers
NUTS4 Code NUTS4 Area
UKC
TOTAL
Sales 2009 GWh
12,034
Northumberland
Sales 2009 GWh
1,511
NE Average
Northumberland
Consumption MW
Average Consumption MW
1372
172
Now we have the Consumption we can calculate the R.E. Required.
PPS22/RSS/Energy White Paper figures
2010
10%
Of Consumption
2020
20%
Aspiration
40%
Disaggregated
UK
Requirement
Incl Off-shore
N.E.
Northld
137MW
274MW
17MW
34MW
2060 548MW
68MW
2. Renewable Energy development
information.
The RESTATS project:
•Provides accurate up-to-date energy
statistics from UK renewable energy sources.
•Holds information on electricity, heat and
liquid biofuels
•Provides a means of monitoring progress
against the UK target of 10% of electricity
from renewables by 2010
•Provides data that are used to assess the
UK’s performance from a European and
World-wide perspective
•Is a source of credible data for Government
and industry
•Shows the effects of legislative changes; eg
changes to clinical incineration practices
•Is key to assessing the success of the
renewable energy technologies and progress
to targets introduced in the 2009 Renewable
Energy Directive.
Renewable Energy Planning Database (REPD)
In parallel and complimenting RESTATS, the REPD project
tracks the progress of new projects from inception,
through planning, construction and operational stages.
These data are used to
•Make forecasts about when targets for electricity
generation from renewable energy sources might be
achieved; failure to do so would result in financial
penalties to the UK
•Help identify where problems may be occurring in policy,
incentive mechanisms and in the planning process
•Provide good quality information to Government to assist
in evidence-based policy making.
Total
Northumberland
Reference
General Technology Contractor (/Applicant)
Site Name
AA019
06011L3
N00144L
06012L3
EN00135
EN00173
N00454W
EN00241
06019W4
N00369W
07067W4
EN00160
AA009
Biomass - Ded
Landfill Gas
Landfill Gas
Landfill Gas
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Newcastle Univ.
SITA
SITA
SITA
Aesica Pharm.
Cockle Park Farm
Ellington Road Landfill
Ellington Road Landfill
Seghill Waste Disposal
Aesica Pharm. (Re-Sub)
Aesica Pharm. Limited
Barmoor
Bewick Drift
Debdon Farm Wind F.
Green Rigg
Humble Hill Wind Farm
Kiln Pit Hill Windfarm
Kirkharle Wind Farm
06015W4
AA008
N00361W
N00210W
06015W5
EN00598
AA007
N00263W
EN00092
AA162
AA010
EN00163
EN00460
N00092W
AA011
06017W4
EN00093
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Wind Onshore
Border Wind F.
Scottish Power Re.
Scottish Power
nPower Re.
Your Energy
Force 9 Energy
Harworth Power
R E S Ltd
Wind Prospect
Ecogen Ltd
nPower Re.
NPower Re. Ltd
RES Group
Vattenfall Wind
The Banks Group
Community R E
Novera Energy
nPower Re.
Ridgewind
National Wind P.
Novera Energy
Border Wind F.
Hainsford Energy
Wind Prospect
Kirkheaton Wind Farm
Lynemouth Windfarm
Lynemouth Windfarm
Middlemoor
Moorsyde Wind Farm
MSD Cramlington
Park Head Wind Farm
Ray Fell Wind Farm
Steadings Wind Farm
Steps of Grace
Todd Hill Wind Farm
Toft Hill Windfarm
Wandylaw
Wandystead
Wingates Wind Farm
Blyth Harbour Wind F.
Blyth Harb. (re-power)
Boundary Lane
537 MW
Installed County
Capacity
District
Region
Pre-consent
Post-consent
0.6
0.94
0.3
4.1
6
6
18
9
10.1
36
78.48
12
12
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Wansbeck
Wansbeck
Blyth Valley
Blyth Valley
Blyth Valley
Berwick
Morpeth
Alnwick
Tynedale
Tynedale
Tynedale
Tynedale
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
Approved
Approved
Approved
Approved
Refused
Refused
Enforced
Enforced
Refused
Enforced
Refused
Enforced
Refused
Awaiting Construction
Operational
Operational
Operational
N/A
N/A
Awaiting Construction
Awaiting Construction
N/A
Awaiting Construction
N/A
Awaiting Construction
Public Inquiry pending
1.77
16.1
2.4
54
16.1
5
16.2
56
66
0.8
10
19
30
3.9
15
2.7
23
6
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Northumberland
Morpeth
Morpeth
Morpeth
Alnwick
Berwick
Blyth Valley
Morpeth
Alnwick
Tynedale
Berwick
Morpeth
Berwick
Berwick
Alnwick
Alnwick
Wansbeck
Wansbeck
Tynedale
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
North East
Approved
Enforced
Approved
Enforced
Refused
Enforced
Submitted
Enforced
Refused
Approved
Submitted
Refused
Enforced
Refused
Submitted
Approved
Approved
Submitted
Operational
Under Construction
Abandoned
Awaiting Construction
N/A
Under Construction
N/A
Awaiting Construction
N/A
Awaiting Construction
N/A
N/A
Awaiting Construction
N/A
N/A
Operational
Operational
N/A
Renewable Energy Required
PPS22/RSS/Energy White Paper figures
2010
10%
Of Consumption
2020
20%
Aspiration
2060
40%
Requirement
North East
Northumberland
137MW
274MW
548MW
17MW
34MW
68MW
Renewable Energy Required
PPS22/RSS/Energy White Paper figures
2010
10%
Of Consumption
2020
20%
Aspiration
2060
40%
Requirement
North East
Northumberland
137MW
274MW
548MW
17MW
34MW
68MW
Renewable Energy Already Approved
North East
Northumberland
964MW
But the above is only Capacity.
Wind is unreliable so Generation
must be calculated:
530MW
273MW
76MW
Renewable Energy Required
PPS22/RSS/Energy White Paper figures
2010
10%
Of Consumption
2020
20%
Aspiration
2060
40%
Requirement
North East
Northumberland
137MW
274MW
548MW
17MW
34MW
68MW
Renewable Energy Already Approved
North East
Northumberland
964MW
But the above is only Capacity.
Wind is unreliable so Generation
must be calculated:
530MW
273MW
76MW
Note this does not include the 395MW Generation of
Tyne REP & Blyth Biomass with IPC or any Off-shore
This is what you have now - What the public can now see.
County On-shore Wind Farm Approvals
GWh Percentage of Consumption
50.0
45.0
National Aim for All Renewable Energy
40.0
35.0
2060 including Off-Shore wind
Under
Construction
30.0
25.0
20.0
Operational
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
All data from Department of Energy & Climate Control – DECC February 2011
This is what has been Agreed to: Planning Approvals.
County On-shore Wind Farm Approvals
GWh Percentage of Consumption
50.0
45.0
National Aim for All Renewable Energy
40.0
2060 including Off-Shore wind
Awaiting
Construction
35.0
30.0
Under
Construction
25.0
20.0
Operational
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
All data from Department of Energy & Climate Control – DECC February 2011
Northumberland is way ahead of any other County
in England with On-Shore Wind Farm Approvals.
And nobody has even the grace to show some appreciation.
Should we not be shouting to all and sundry just how well
Northumberland is doing to clean up every other County’s
CO2?
What about that original first Key Principle of PPS22 ?
“Renewable energy developments should be capable of
being accommodated throughout England in locations
where the technology is viable and environmental,
economic, and social impacts can be addressed
satisfactorily. “
Northumberland is way ahead of any other County
in England with On-Shore Wind Farm Approvals.
The next nearest is Durham
Apart from our neighbour Durham, we have been
made to accept:
• three times as much as the next nearest County;
• 10 times as much as all but 8;
• 20 times as much as the median;
• 40 times as much as East Sussex or
Bristol, Somerset & Gloucester combined;
• Hampshire has approved none at all
(These are the counties of Energy Ministers Chris Huhne,
Charles Hendry and Planning Inspectorate.)
How We Compare
NUTS3
Code
UKC21
UKJ22
NUTS3 Name
Northumberland CC
East Sussex CC
(Charles Hendry)
UKJ33
Hampshire CC (Chris Huhne)
Planning Inspectorate area
UKK11
Bristol, City of
North and North East Somerset,
UKK12
South Gloucestershire
UKK13
Gloucestershire
UKK23
Somerset
Total PINS area
Electricity
On-shore
%
Consumption
Approved
MW
MW
Approved
172.4
267
155%
224.4
3
1%
682.0
0
0%
216.2
315.5
33
7
15%
2%
341.3
303.3
1175.3
0.5
2
42
0%
1%
4%
This is what has been Agreed to: Planning Approvals.
County On-shore Wind Farm Approvals
GWh Percentage of Consumption
50.0
45.0
National Aim for All Renewable Energy
40.0
2060 including Off-Shore wind
2060
Awaiting
Construction
35.0
Under
Construction
30.0
25.0
20.0
2020
Operational
15.0
10.0
2010
5.0
0.0
All data from Department of Energy & Climate Control – DECC February 2011
This is what the position Will Be without effective Control
County On-shore Wind Farm Approvals
GWh Percentage of Consumption
50.0
45.0
40.0
National Aim for All Renewable Energy
Undetermined
2060 including Off-Shore wind
35.0
30.0
Awaiting
Construction
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
All data from Department of Energy & Climate Control – DECC February 2011
The Control is Policy
Other Planning Authorities are instituting Policy
•To protect their Environment
•To protect the Amenity of their Residents
•To protect their Landscape
Has the Policy been adequate in Northumberland?
Will it be adequate in the future?
Can Control be re-established quickly enough?
PPS22
Key Principle (iii)
Planning policies that rule out or place
constraints on the development of all, or
specific types of, renewable energy technologies
should not be included in regional
spatial strategies or local development
documents without sufficient reasoned
justification.
An example – Lincolnshire Consultative Draft:
http://committee.west-lindsey.gov.uk/comm_mins/documents/DPSC/Reports/DPSC0075RAPP1.pdf
APPENDIX B – SUGGESTED POLICY
The County Council considers that onshore wind energy developments are only acceptable
where they do not conflict with following criteria:a) Landscape and Visual Impact
• located outside highly sensitive landscape areas as defined in Landscape Character Assessments;
• located outside of areas defined in Landscape Character Assessments as having a low landscape
capacity to visually accommodate turbine development are unacceptable as wind turbine locations;
• located outside of the LincolnshireWolds Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and only in
exceptional circumstances in locations which would have a dominant impact upon the designated
area, for example within a 0 – 400 metre zone around the boundary of the LincolnshireWolds Area
of
Outstanding Natural Beauty. Between 400 metres to 2km wind turbines over 100 metres in height
are also considered inappropriate;
• located sufficient distance from town and villages so as not to be too prominent, for example,
outside of a 0 – 400 metres Zone around settlements (town and villages) and no large turbines over
100 metres in height in the zone of prominence extending to 2km from settlement boundaries;
An example – Lincolnshire Consultative Draft:
http://committee.west-lindsey.gov.uk/comm_mins/documents/DPSC/Reports/DPSC0075RAPP1.pdf
• located so as not to diminish the visual experience of an acknowledged view point, for example,
outside of a 10 km visibility cone of an acknowledged view point as shown on Ordnance Survey
maps;
• new wind farms within 10km of existing wind farms (including on and off shore wind farms)
need to demonstrate they would not merge with the existing developments, thereby resulting in a
negative cumulative visual impact;
• there is a presumption against wind turbine developments on the grounds of negative
cumulative visual impact, unless demonstrated otherwise, in the following circumstances:- turbines detached by more than 500 metres but within 4km of an existing turbine
development;
- settlements of more than 10 dwellings should not have wind turbine developments in more
than 90° of their field of view, this normally equates to 10km from windows in residential
properties;
- individual dwellings should not have wind turbines in more than 180° of their field of view.
An example – Lincolnshire Consultative Draft:
http://committee.west-lindsey.gov.uk/comm_mins/documents/DPSC/Reports/DPSC0075RAPP1.pdf
b) Impact on the Historic and Natural Environment
• Wind turbine development should not take place in locations where:
- the context of a historic garden, park, battlefield or designated conservation area would be
visually compromised (normally a 2km zone should be avoided dependent upon a site specific
assessment);
- the visual dominance of Lincoln Cathedral would be compromised; (see also Regional Plan
Policy SR10);
- the visual significance of church spires and historic/architecturally important buildings would
be compromised. Wind turbine development within 2km of such buildings should be avoided
and up to 5km where there is likely to be “conspicuous” impact;
- defined areas of historic landscape importance, as defined by the Historic Landscape
Characterisation project, and to protect the integrity of such sites in the immediate vicinity, for
example, a 2km area around them;
- the development would be in or in proximity to an international site of nature conservation
interest (normally a 2km distance) and of a Site of Special Scientific Interest (on average 40
metres, although this may extend to 800 metres with regard to a site of important
ornithological interest);
- the development would be within the Coastal Conservation Area or other form of designated
conservation area.
An example – Lincolnshire Consultative Draft:
http://committee.west-lindsey.gov.uk/comm_mins/documents/DPSC/Reports/DPSC0075RAPP1.pdf
c) Residential Amenity
Amenity of existing residential occupants must be maintained at an acceptable level, therefore the
following criteria shall be applied:• no wind farm developments shall be constructed in close proximity of a residential property (the
accepted distance for separation is 700 metres) and only upon the provision of an assessment
demonstrating acceptable noise levels within 700 metres to 2km;
• no wind turbines shall be constructed within a distance of a factor of ten times the diameter of
the blades of a residential property to mitigate against flicker, unless intervening
topography/structures negates the impact.
d) Related Infrastructure
• The presumption is for connecting cables to be placed underground and use made of existing or
replacement pylons (of the same size and scale) along existing routes to carry the additional base
load cabling.
Regional Comparison
All Renewable Energy
Anticipated Annual Renewable Generation as a percentage of Annual Consumption
60
At Public Inquiry
50
40
Application
Submitted
Awaiting
Construction
Under Construction
Operational
30
20
10
0
DECC : 15th Feb 2011
30% Aim
On-Shore Wind - Comparison with Regions
Percentage of Consumption
50
45
40
35
30
Application
Submitted
25
Awaiting
Construction
20
Under Construction
15
10
Operational
5
0
Have Northumberland and NE residents received the same protection as in other areas?
We not only do more in Planning
Percentage of 2005 Consumption
105
Decrease in Consumption
100
95
90
Northumberland
85
North East
80
UK
75
2005
2006
2007
2008
Reduction in Consumption
2009
We also do more in
Reducing Electricity
Consumption
0.0
-2.0
-4.0
-6.0
-8.0
-10.0
-12.0
-14.0
-16.0
-18.0
-20.0
And a little more in Reducing Gas Consumption
Source: DECC Energy Trends, Dec.2010, p44
RSS & the Sub-Regional target
During the 2006 RSS EiP sub regional targets were discussed.
The Ove Arup view:
“several participants commented on the fact that policy 40 requires
Northumberland to provide the largest proportion of future renewable
generation. It was suggested that the targets should be re-balanced to
provide a more equitable distribution throughout the region. However, in
our view the targets must reflect the opportunities for increased
generation which are themselves a reflection of geography, settlement
pattern and development potential. Hence sub-regional targets cannot be
based on the proportion of existing consumption or any other proportional
population based measurement”
However the 2006 discussion revolved around the potential for wind.
We now have seen the potential for RE generation in urban areas:
‘As the project will run 24 hours per day, 365 days per annum,
it will generate as much renewable electricity as a 1,000MWe offshore wind farm
(equivalent to that generated by the London Array wind farm which is
one of the largest renewable energy projects in the world)’
MGT Power. ‘Biomass Power Station, Teesport: Final Scoping Report’, April 2008.
A similar 1000MWe Biomass plant is proposed for the Tyne
North East Energy Mix
North East Energy Mix
Actual Approved
RSS Predicted 2020 Renewable Energy Mix
Versus Actual Approved RE Mix
RSS Predicted Consumption:
15,000 GWh/pa (1711 MWe)
Actual Consumption 2009:
12,034 GWh/pa (1511 MWe)
Current Prediction 2020:
<10,000 GWhr/pa (1140 Mwe) ???
Notes:
The Approvals above are to 15th Feb 2011 according to RESTATS
– not including Undetermined/Tyne REP/Blyth Biomass
Renewable Heat is NOT included.
Offshore Wind is NOT included.
North East Renewable Energy Mix
Potential
North East Renewable Energy Mix
RSS Predicted
2020 Potential
Current
2020 Potential
IF this is about Climate Change
You have a choice ....
80MW Intermittent
Wind
Rural
OR
100MW Continuous
Biomass
Urban
Summary of Main Issues
•All Renewable Energy targets are related to Consumption
•The NE region is far exceeding the other English Regions
•Northumberland has already approved 4 times as much Wind generation as any
other English County outside the NE.
•Much of this is “enforced”; decisions are taken away from local people and their
residents and being made by Inspectors from PINS and Ministers.
•Energy Ministers are taking less than 1/100th of our commitment.
•The PINS “Obergrupenfuhrers” (as described in Westminster) take only 1/40th in
the area around their base.
•We are already well beyond the 2060 aims, what more are we going to be forced
to do?
•Policy must be updated to reflect actual figures – prediction errors must be
corrected. Planning decisions must have correct appraisals.
•How can this be called Fair and Balanced?
KEY MESSAGES
• Time to take stock on targets.
• County Council need to re-establish robust and effective policy control in
response to excessive windfarm proposals.
• The Localism Agenda on its own will not work – a better balance in
Planning Policy and Guidance is needed to redress the balance between
developers and local communities.
• Other Councils are saying Enough is Enough, while some Councils are
keeping very quiet about doing very little!
• We have met and exceeded (in terms of consented applications) the
targets required. Northumberland can now afford to be selective about
what else it will accept
• We must now use actual data not erroneous prediction.
• Planning decisions must be based upon factual appraisals.
• REQUESTS:
– Officers be asked to confirm and validate the data in this presentation
as a matter of urgency.
– this issue be referred to the appropriate Scrutiny Committee for
additional consideration and/or to the LDP Working Group – possibly
a joint venture of both.
Question:
What is the target set by the UK renewable Energy Strategy? Is it
30% of electricity consumption?
Answer:
The UK RES does not set a 30% target – it paints a possible
scenario. This scenario includes off-shore wind – the RES even
shows a diagram of the lead scenario showing the relatively small
proportion of on-shore wind.
The UK RES lead scenario does not require any increase in on-shore
renewable energy beyond that already consented under the 10%
RSS targets.
The Government has also asked the Committee on Climate Change (CCC) for advice
on the level of ambition for renewables in 2020 and beyond, taking into account
cost, technical potential, environmental impact and practical delivery. The
Government's Renewable Energy Strategy lead scenario .. suggests that by
2020 about 30% or more of our electricity - both centralised and small-scale
generation - could come from renewable sources, compared to around 6.7%
today. The CCC in initial advice to Government in September 2010 on the UK's
renewables ambition, agreed that a contribution from renewable electricity of 30%
of total generation by 2020 is appropriate in the context of the need to
substantially decarbonise the power sector by 2030 (on the path to meeting the
economy-wide target to reduce emissions by 80% relative to 1990 levels). We are
expecting the Committee to provide advice on the level of ambition beyond 2020
in April 2011.
(Emphasis added)
The Government's Renewable Energy Strategy lead scenario [2] suggests that by
2020 about 30% or more of our electricity - both centralised and small-scale generation could come from renewable sources, compared to around 6.7% today.
(Emphasis added)
THIS 30% IS NOT A TARGET FOR REGIONS
THIS IS NOT A TARGET FOR NORTHUMBERLAND
IT INCLUDES OFF-SHORE WIND!
OFF-SHORE WIND APPROVED is ALREADY 27% of PREDICTED RE GENERATION
A FURTHER 2,000MW is Awaiting Approval, the UK strategy discusses a further 25,000!
The RESTATS database currently (30/3/11) shows 20.4% of 2009 Consumption Approved.
Approved + Submitted + No App. Reqd. Amounts to 35.5% - So no surprise that 30%
could come from RE – WITHOUT ANY INCREASE IN REGIONAL TARGETS!
1. Northumberland does NOT have a “target” of 30%
2. It is wrong to multiply the 2010 MW Installed Capacity Target – The 2020 RSS Aspiration
is 20% of Consumption
3. The disaggregated Installed Capacity targets of 2010 were based upon FALSE predictions
of the energy mix thus FALSE understanding of Opportunities for generation.
The 616MW figure suggested above is 45% of the Total NE 2009 Consumption!
“....the [sub-regional] targets must reflect the opportunities for increased
generation which are themselves a reflection of geography, settlement
pattern and development potential.” (DCLG 2009 report)
Why are Planners giving Northumberland a target of 45% of the whole region
when other Regions are being given less than 10%?
Compare – The South East Plan (RSS)
Compare this
1130MW for
the whole of
the S.E, with
the 616MW
that Planners
are now
suggesting for
Northld!
The S.E. Figures include Off-shore
“9.89 The assumed contribution to the [S.E.] regional targets from offshore
wind/marine technologies is 200MW at 2010 and 300MW at 2016.”
The UK Renewable Energy Strategy 2009 has been quoted
as the source for the 30% “Target”
This is the Actual Renewable Energy Strategy 2009 scenario
– Note the relative sizes of Off-shore and On-shore wind!
- Note the multiple Biomass/Bioenergy sectors!
http://www.decc.gov.uk/assets/decc/what%20we%20do/uk%20energy%20supply/energy%20mix/renewable%20energy/renewable%20energy%20strategy/1_2009071
7120647_e_@@_theukrenewableenergystrategy2009.pdf
Question:
How do we compare with other rural counties and other regions?
Answer:
The comparison is stark.
Both Northumberland and the NE as a whole does so much more.
It is also of great concern that some seem to be suggesting that we need to
do more again – a good comparison is between the “target” suggested in a
recent Northumberland planning report for 2020. This is 616MW. Compare
that with the “target” for the whole of the South East region – this is only
1130MW, yet the S.E. consumes 3 times as much electricity as the whole of
the North East!
The 616MW “target” is simply wrong.
How We Compare – Regions
All Renewable Energy Approved – Installed Capacity
NUTS3
Code
NUTS3 Name
UKC21
UKJ22
Northumberland CC
East Sussex CC (Charles Hendry)
UKJ33
Hampshire CC (Chris Huhne)
East Midlands
Eastern
London
North East
North West
South East
South West
West Midlands
Yorkshire and Humber
ENGLAND
Data as at 15th Feb 2011
Electricity
All R.E.
Consumption
MW
MW
Approved
172
277
224
33
682
62
2417
3075
4686
1373
3701
4534
2841
2809
2780
28216
353
694
142
903
665
460
601
184
1070
5073
%
Approved
161%
14%
9%
15%
23%
3%
66%
18%
10%
21%
7%
38%
18%
How We Compare – Regions
Onshore Wind Approved
NUTS3
Code
UKC21
UKJ22
UKJ33
NUTS3 Name
Northumberland CC
East Sussex CC (Charles Hendry)
Hampshire CC (Chris Huhne)
East Midlands
Eastern
London
North East
North West
South East
South West
West Midlands
Yorkshire and Humber
ENGLAND
Data as at 15th Feb 2011
Electricity
Consumption
MW
172
224
682
2417
3075
4686
1373
3701
4534
2841
2809
2780
30009
Onshore
MW
Approved
267
3
0
211
256
15
461
283
104
300
15
401
2047
%
Approved
155%
1%
0%
9%
8%
0%
34%
8%
2%
11%
1%
14%
7%
How We Compare – Top 10 Counties
NUTS3
Code
NUTS3 Name
UKC21
Northumberland CC
UKJ22
East Sussex CC (Charles Hendry)
UKJ33
Hampshire CC (Chris Huhne)
UKC14
Durham
UKK30
Cornwall
UKD11/2 Cumbria
UKH12
Cambridgeshire
UKK
Devon
UKF23
Northamptonshire
UKD43
Lancashire
UKE13
Lincolnshire
UKE22
North Yorkshire
Planning Inspectorate area
UKK11
Bristol, City of
North and North East Somerset,
UKK12
South Gloucestershire
UKK13
Gloucestershire
UKK23
Somerset
Total PINS area
Data as at 15th Feb 2011
Electricity
On-shore
%
Consumption
Approved
MW
MW
Approved
172
267
155%
224
3
1%
682
0%
0
231
63%
147
307
51%
156
315
42%
133
367
42%
153
396
27%
107
386
22%
83
589
23%
136
395
21%
84
364
12%
43
216.2
33
15%
315.5
7
2%
341.3
303.3
1175.3
0.5
2
42
0%
1%
4%
How We Compare – Bottom
15
Electricity
On-shore
NUTS3
Code
NUTS3 Name
UKC21
UKJ22
UKJ33
UKJ23
UKJ13
UKJ24
UKK21/22
UKK15
UKK13
UKK23
UKH22
UKH23
UKG24
UKG13
UKG12
UKD22
UKG
UKJ
UKD
UKC
Northumberland CC
East Sussex CC (Charles Hendry)
Hampshire CC (Chris Huhne)
Surrey
Buckinghamshire
West Sussex
Dorset
Wiltshire
Gloucestershire
Somerset
Bedfordshire
Hertfordshire
Staffordshire
Warwickshire
Worcestershire
Cheshire
West Midlands Region
South East Region
North West Region
North East Region
Consumption
MW
MW
Approved
172
267
224
3
682
0
601
0
238
0.01
401
0
385
0
256
0.06
341
0.88
303
2.02
197
0
574
0
423
0.3
340
0
278
1.21
480
0
2809
16
4534
106
3701
300
1373
453
%
Approved
155%
1%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0.3%
0.7%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0.4%
0%
0.6%
2.3%
8.1%
33.6%
You also must accept this
But not
Me
Since 2005 NIAL (Newcastle International Airport Ltd.)
has received over 250 wind farm consultations. While
this covers the entire safeguarding region, the majority
of these consultations are in Northumberland. Figure 3
shows those schemes where sufficient information is
available.
http://www.newcastleairport.com/AboutYourAirport/MasterplanAndDev/RadarBlankingStrategy.htm
A single Technology type can be selected showing just what commitment is made:
But for some counties the total is ZERO :
The South East region concluded that overall, Kent, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight,
and the Thames Valley and Surrey appear to have the greatest potential for onshore
wind development (Source: PPS22 Guide/ SE RSS)
There has been no change found in the latest 30/Mar/2011 download
Compare – The South East Plan (RSS)
10% by
2020
9.89 The assumed contribution to the [S.E.] regional targets from offshore
wind/marine technologies is 200MW at 2010 and 300MW at 2016.
Compare –
Consumption
North East
South East
(MW)
(MW)
1,372
4,534
Targets set by PPS22 – 10% of Consumption:
It would be reasonable to expect that the S.E.
would be set over 3 x the target of the N.E.
Compare –
Consumption
2010 Target
Approved
2020
Offshore
Northumberland
/Hampshire
North East
South East
1,372
4,534
454
620
961
461
274? or 908?
Ignored
20%?
30%?
Included
10%
115
Compare 2020 “targets”
Compare
this
1130MW for
the whole
of the S.E,
with the
616MW that
Planners are
now
suggesting
ld!
for
North
The S.E. Figures
include Off-shore
Question:
Do we not just have many more wind developments in the North East
simply because we have more wind?
Answer:
This seems to be a fallacy.
The DECC publishes a wind map – in fact the West is windier than
the East. But consistency is vital; the wind in the east is much more
turbulent as the prevailing direction is across the Pennines. This
turbulence lowers the generation.
The best source of data is the actual generation achieved by existing
wind farms; the actual efficiency of the installed turbines.
Those in the N.E. perform worse than other regions, suggesting that
the N.E. conditions are less suitable.
The higher windspeeds are to the
West of the UK.
Mountains do have the highest
speeds but they are also associated
with low speeds in the valleys.
Wind farms require consistency and
medium speeds – they have to be
turned off in high winds to prevent
destruction of blades and
generators.
The Load Factor (LF) is the Generation per unit Installed Capacity.
It can be used as a measure of Wind Farm Efficiency
Or to show how “good” the wind is, in that region, for wind generation.
2008
Installed
Capacity
Generation
England
2009
Load
factor Generation
Installed
Capacity
Load
factor
Average
LF
2,207
1,088
0.232
3065
1448
0.241
0.236
East Midlands
309
293
0.120
798
300
0.303
0.212
East
447
186
0.274
501
357
0.160
0.217
North East
92
52
0.200
201
108
0.212
0.206
North West
837
341
0.280
904
357
0.289
0.284
8
4
0.231
6
4
0.188
0.210
South East
271
93
0.331
334
153
0.249
0.290
South West
136
61
0.253
123
62
0.229
0.241
0
1
0.019
0.010
London
West Midlands
-
-
Yorkshire and the Humber
108
56
0.220
197
106
0.212
0.216
Wales
989
375
0.301
905
533
0.194
0.247
3,330
1,708
0.222
4558
2115
0.246
0.234
568
215
0.301
759
311
0.279
0.290
7,097
3,407
0.238
9286
4407
0.240
0.239
Scotland
Northern Ireland
UK
Apart from the West Midlands which does not have meaningful data, the
North East has the lowest average LF of all of the regions.
Question:
How is the UK as a whole able to meet electricity needs and still
progress to carbon free targets.
Answer:
We need to look at the consumption requirements which vary by
season and by time of day. Generation must match consumption.
Given the current level of application approvals, renewables are on
target to meet 30%, when offshore is included, without any further
increase.
The UK RES shows a considerable increase in offshore generation
and gives a clear view of the 2020 scenario. It shows On-shore wind
as a much lower proportion than popularly envisaged The National
Grid also shows that the increase in Nuclear generation is more
important than the total (offshore plus onshore) wind generation.
UK Targets & Progress - Renewables
National Grid – History & Forecast of Consumption
Note this 58GW is the Peak Demand.
http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/SYS/
UK Targets & Progress - Renewables
National Grid – History & Forecast of Consumption
Actual Consumption varies by season and time of day
between roughly 20GW and 60GW.
The Average Consumption is 30 - 35 GW
http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/SYS/
UK Targets & Progress - Renewables
National Grid – History & Forecast of Consumption
The Average Consumption is 30 - 35 GW
In rough terms 10% of UK Consumption will be 3GW;
20% will be 7GW; a 30% scenario would be 10GW
UK RESTATS Current Approved + Not requiring approval:
In rough terms 20% of UK Consumption is already approved.
UK Targets & Progress - Renewables
National Grid – History & Forecast of Consumption
The Average Consumption is 30 - 35 GW
In rough terms 10% of UK Consumption will be 3GW;
20% will be 7GW; a 30% scenario would be 10GW
In rough terms 20% of UK Consumption is already approved.
UK RESTATS Current Approved + Not requiring approval + Applications:
And with current applications we have well over 30%
UK Targets & Progress - Renewables
National Grid – History & Forecast of Consumption
In rough terms 10% of UK Consumption will be 3GW; 20% will be 7GW; a
30% scenario would be 10GW
In rough terms 20% of UK Consumption is already approved.
In rough terms 30% of UK Consumption is already approved or submitted.
But the RESTATS figures do not include Renewable Heat or the expected OffShore listed in the Renewable Energy Strategy.
They only include 1.7GW approved Off-shore.
UK Targets & Progress - Renewables
National Grid – History & Forecast of Consumption
In rough terms 10% of UK Consumption will be 3GW; 20% will be 7GW; a
30% scenario would be 10GW
In rough terms 20% of UK Consumption is already approved.
In rough terms 30% of UK Consumption is already approved or submitted.
But the RESTATS figures do not include Renewable Heat or the expected OffShore listed in the Renewable Energy Strategy.
They only include 1.7GW approved Off-shore.
The lead scenario
includes MUCH
more.
UK Targets & Progress – Carbon/Climate
National Grid – Forecast of Generation
When considering Carbon Targets, the Renewables Progress does not include the
very substantial increase in Nuclear ( 13GW by 2020; 30GW by 2025 )
Source : http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/SYS/
Question:
What is the impact of Nuclear policy upon Carbon Emissions?
Answer:
It is sometimes very difficult to assess the level of generation
envisaged in UK new nuclear.
I look at the “transmission contracted generation” as the best
estimate. This is the value used by the National Grid in their
predictions – and if anyone should be able to correctly estimate
this, then it would the National Grid – using the contracts that
they have signed.
The level of nuclear is extremely high – it makes wind, and
indeed the whole renewables contribution quite small by 2020.
The 2025 scenario, with over 90% of electricity being carbon
emission free gives a very clear impression of the relative
importance in Carbon terms.
Nuclear does not remove the need for wind – it removes the
need for coal and oil.
The choice is not between nuclear and wind – it is between
nuclear and coal to prevent intermittent suply.
IF this is about Climate Change
You have a choice ....
80MW Intermittent
Wind
Massive Footprint
OR
1,500MW Continuous
Nuclear
Tiny footprint per MW
National Grid Contracted Generation beyond 2017
2020 Includes 12,780MW New Nuclear Plant less 1450 due decommissioned 2011
Note: Also Dungeness C & Bradwell B, each 1650MW due 2016
Source: http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/SYS/
2020 18GW Carbon Free
50%+ Generation Scenario
2025 30GW Carbon Free
90%+ Generation Scenario
Question:
Does Planning advice reflect UK policy
Answer:
It is difficult to see the relevance of some comment
It is particularly difficult to understand the suggestion that a 30%
target exists.
I can find no mention of any such “target” in the UK Renewable
Energy Strategy – it only refers to a 30% scenario
“The benefits of the proposal
6.7
The UK has committed, under the Kyoto Protocol, to a binding target to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This target is complemented by the UK’s domestic
goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 34% on 1990 levels by 2020 as set out
in the UK Low Carbon Transition Plan. ”
By 2009, with the existing operational installed capacity, the UK has already
achieved a 26.5% reduction.
“The UK government has set out a range of policies to meet these targets. In the
Renewable Energy Strategy, The UK Government’s target is to generate 30% of UK
electricity by 2020 from renewable sources.”
The Renewable Energy Strategy does not set a 30% target.
It describes a “lead scenario” by which the UK believes 30% is achievable by 2020
with that 30% including more Off-shore wind than On-shore.
The Renewable Energy Strategy includes New Nuclear Power Stations.
PPS22
Key Principle (iii)
Planning policies that rule out or place constraints on the development of all, or
specific types of, renewable energy technologies should not be included in regional
spatial strategies or local development documents without sufficient reasoned
justification.
Key Principle (v)
Regional planning bodies and local planning authorities should not make
assumptions about the technical and commercial feasibility of renewable energy
Projects
Key Principle (vii)
Local planning authorities, regional stakeholders and Local Strategic Partnerships
should foster community involvement in renewable energy projects3 and seek to
promote knowledge of and greater acceptance by the public of prospective renewable
energy developments that are appropriately located.
Developers of renewable energy projects should engage in active consultation and
discussion with local communities at an early stage in the planning process, and
before any planning application is formally submitted.
Question:
Is the Decrease in Electricity Consumption in the NE just a
reflection of declining industry?
Answer:
Surprisingly the NE has not declined more than the rest of the
UK in the last five years.
Economic activity is measured using GVA by the Office of
National Statistics. Over the same period, NE consumption
has gone down while GVA has gone up. The NE was down
more in 2008 but recovered parity in 2009
The County measure for 2009 is not yet available but it is
reasonable to assume it will follow the NE.
Percentage of 2005 Consumption
105
Decrease in Consumption
100
95
90
Northumberland
85
North East
80
UK
75
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Increase in Economic Activity
120 %
Measured by GVA
Increase in GVA
115 %
110 %
United Kingdom
105 %
North East
Northumberland
100 %
95 %
90 %
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
The NE decrease in consumption was from a Base that
was already the lowest domestic level in the country!
While individual counties may be worse, Fuel poverty is amongst the highest in
England across the Whole of the NE Region
Carbon Emission Targets & Scenario
UK Applications Approved –
All “MW” are not Equal.
The Installed Capacity gives a totally false impression
It simply inflates the importance of on-shore wind
The Renewable Energy Generation is the critical Target
Generation is the only factor of importance to Carbon Emission
North East has the highest proportion of Biomass – the Lowest of Waste + Landfill generation