Transcript total-dykim

Next Step in Networking:
Issues and Future
Dae Young KIM
CNU
dykim@{anf.ne.kr; cnu.ac.kr}
1
Contents

Part I: Network Technology Evolution


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
Where We Are
Lessons
What’s Next
Part II: Deployments and Applications
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Global Advanced Networks
Cyber Infrastructure
e-Science
Asia-APAN
A National Optical Networking Capability of
Internet2
NRL & HOPI
2
Part I:
Network Technology Evolution
3
Millennium Retrospect
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Data - Voice Comm.: Convergence?
Switching: Circuit to Packet, and ...?
Links: HDLC, ATM, LANs, Ethernet, ...
Routing: Telecom to Data(Internet)
End-to-end protocols: TCP
Applications: Web service
Wired vs Wireless: Copper vs Fiber
Internetworking: IP
4
Where We Are (I)
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IP as Ultimate
Internetworking
Glue
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IP over
Everything
Everything over
IP
Hourglass vs
Wineglass
By Steve Deering
5
Where We Are (II)
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Ethernet as Winning Link Technology
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Ethernet Everywhere
WLAN = Wireless Ethernet?
IP + Ethernet for Data
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Not perfect for QoS Streams(Voice,
Audio, Video)
Just right for non-QoS(quasi-QoS or
CoS)
QoS possible for a few sessions
6
Lesson: Keep it Simple and Stupid
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Simple is the best
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Internet vs OSI
Ethernet vs ATM
End-to-End Argument
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Keep network simple/stupid and
Put Intelligence at edges/ends
Don’t build in the core anything that can
be built at edges/ends
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Lesson: Flexible vs Conservative
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Protocol
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Be flexible in what you receive
Be conservative in what you send
Example: TCP
Network
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Be flexible in what you adopt
Be conservative in what you abandon
Examples: Magnetic, Modem, Copper, ...
Future examples: Ethernet, IP, ATM, ...
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Lessons: More
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Convergence
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Data + Voice
Wired + Wireless
Dream Not Come True?
Extremely difficult to put new
functions/features in the Infra
Layer independence

Need new assessment
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What’s Next?
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Internetworking issue over: IP
Applications, Services!
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Wireless: Just last hop
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Middleware, Web Services, GRID, …
Mobility, Security, QoS
Physical, Medium; Still evolving
Long way yet to the Netopia?
We’re in the low tide.
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Issues Yet Pending
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QoS
Multicast; Group Communications
Mobility
Security
Which layer?
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Not IP? Link? Application?
Wireless
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QoS Myth

QoS is needed in one to one connections for real
time voice and video e.g
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BUT, most Internet applications are NOT one to
one real time connections, they are many to one
and many to many type of connections e.g.
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Doctor video conferencing with a patient
Doctors retrieving X-ray image from a database
Multicast distribution of a movie etc
Many users going to the same web site
End to end QoS is real hard if you have more than
a one to one, real time connection
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QoS(I)
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Different Ideas about QoS
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Security, Static BW,
Rigorous Definition of QoS
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Reliability
Throughput
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Dynamic thru Quasi-dynamic
Delay, (Delay) Jitter
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QoS(II)
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Back to the Basics/Principles(KISS)
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Circuit over Packet?
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Circuit for QoS
Packet for Data
Don't mix up
ATM, PWE, etc., …
Packet over Circuit!
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QoS(III)
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Circuit over Packet
MM
QoS
PKT
SAND
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Hybrid Transfer Mode:HTM
User
Header
t0 t 1 t 2 t 3
CO slot
A
Buffer
B
CL slot
Idle slot
To Remote
C
D
A
B
B
Cycle1

D
B
B
C
Cycle2
B
A
B
B
B
B
Cycle3
B
C
B
Cycle4
Seamless Packet over Circuit
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And More
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Multicast
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Not at the IP layer?
At the Application Layer?
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At the Link or Physical Layer?
Mobility
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Overlay Multicast, CDN
Fast enough? Where?
Security
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Mature? Convenient?
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Xcast

IP packet (option) header에 수신자의
unicast IP 주소들을 explicitly 포함
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Overlay Multicast

Comparison with IP (network-layer)
multicast
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CDN(Content Delivery Network)
Unicast
Unicast
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Part II:
Deployments and Applications
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Global Advanced Networks
22
Advanced Networks

High Performance R&E or R&D Network
Mbps -> Gbps -> Tbps
 for research, education, development
 Advanced Technologies on the Network
 Advanced Applications on the Network

Network, Application 기술 개발이 미래
정보사회 구축, 산업발전의 기초
 선진국이 되기위한 필수요소

23
24
Basic CA*net 4 Topology
Edmonton
Prince George
Saskatoon
Winnipeg
Vancouver
Calgary
Kamloops
Regina
Halifax
Thunder Bay
St. John's
Victoria
Quebec City
Seattle
Spokane
Sudbury
Minneapolis
Fredericton
Toronto
CA*net 4 Node (Mini-IX)
Kingston
Buffalo
London
Hamilton
Albany
Windsor
Possible Future Breakout
Possible Future link or Option
CA*net 4 OC192
Charlottetown
Montreal
Ottawa
Chicago
New York
Halifax
GEANT
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Cyber Infrastructure
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The Need for a Global Research and Education
Network

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A global R&E network is required to
support true global cyberinfrastructure
which will underpin global e-science
However international connections very
slow compared with R&E network backbone
speeds
Global connection effort not wellcoordinated – dominated by bilateral
thinking
28
Cyberinfrastructure (NSF)
연구 교육을 위한 특수지식환경
(Grid community, e-Science community, virtual community)
교육훈련 및 프로젝트 어플리케이션
Data,
High
Observation,
Information,
Interfaces,
Performance
Measurement,
Collaboration
Knowledge
Visualization
Computational
Fabrication
services
Management
services
services
services
services
Networking, Operating System, Middleware
Base Technology: computation, storage, communication
= Cyberinfrastructure : hardware, software, service, personnel, organization
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e-Science
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EU-GEANT, UK-eScience
EU는 유럽의 초고속연구망(GEANT) 및 많은 Grid Project를
지원

GEANT: 유럽의 어플리케이션 영역뿐만 아니라 (네트워크 포함)
연구 자체를 지원하는 Infrastructure

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30개국 이상 참여, 28개 국가 및 지역 연구교육망 포함

3,000개 이상의 연구 및 교육기관 참여

9개의 10Gbps, 11개의 2.5Gbps
UK-eScience

국제협력을 통한 차세대 연구에 대한 Infrastructure를 제공
genomics, bioscience, particle physics, astronomy, earth science &
climatology, engineering systems, social sciences

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차세대 open platform standard를 위해 노력

optimal international infrastructure 제공
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What is eScience?

The ultimate goal of e-science
to allow students and eventually members of the
general public to be full participants in scientific
discovery and innovation.
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Using advanced high speed networks
combining new concepts in distributed computing,
peer to peer file sharing, Grid technology and
“Third Wave of the Internet”
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Third Wave of the Internet
The first wave

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text and data services such as e-mail and FTP
The second wave
the web which improved ease of use and facilitated the
transfer of images, sound and video
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The third wave

integration of grids
 p2p networking
 open source
 distributed computing enabled by next generation web
services, semantic web and high speed networks

33
Today’s Network
The network is
subservient to
the computer
The application
is tightly bound
to the OS
Application
Network
Application
User
OS
OS
Data
The network is a
mechanism for
applications to
communicate with
each other
User
Data
34
Third Wave Network
Application and data exist on the
network and are uncoupled from
any specific machine or location
Third Wave
Third Wave
Network
OS
The computer is
subservient to
the network
OS
Application and Data
Third Wave
Third Wave
Third Wave
Third Wave
OS
OS
OS
OS
Data
Data
Data
Data
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Grids - Third Wave -Web
Data
Complexity
Computational Complexity
Source: Toney Hey UK eScience Grid
36
What are Grids?
Grids enable the new science
 Original motivation, and support, from high-end science
and engineering
 Enable communities (“virtual organizations”) to share
resources as they pursue common goals
 New applications enabled by the coordinated use of
geographically distributed resources
 E.g., distributed collaboration, data access and analysis,
distributed computing, instrumentation
 Persistent infrastructure for large scale computing
problems
 Using distributed computing resources of schools,
37
universities and research centers

Grid in Action:
“Create Processes at A and B that Communicate & Access Files at C”
Single sign-on via “grid-id”
& generation of proxy cred.
User
User Proxy
Proxy
credential
Or: retrieval of proxy cred.
from online repository
Remote process
creation requests*
Site A
(Kerberos)
GSI-enabled
GRAM server
Computer
Process
Kerberos
ticket
Authorize
Map to local id
Create process
Generate credentials
Local id
Restricted
proxy
Communication*
Remote file
access request*
Site C
(Kerberos)
* With mutual authentication
Ditto
Storage
system
GSI-enabled
GRAM server
Site B
(Unix)
Computer
Process
Local id
Restricted
proxy
GSI-enabled
FTP server
Authorize
Map to local id
Access file
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Examples eResearch Grid Projects
ALMA
LHC
Sloan Digital Sky
Survey
ATLAS
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Components of CI-enabled
science & engineering
High-performance computing
for modeling, simulation, data
processing/mining
Humans
Individual &
Group Interfaces
& Visualization
Collaboration
Services
Instruments for
observation and
characterization.
Global
Connectivity
Physical World
Facilities for activation,
manipulation and
construction
Knowledge management
institutions for collection building
and curation of data, information,
literature, digital objects
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Streams of Activity Converging
in a CI Initiative
GRIDS (broadly defined)
CI-enabled Science &
Engineering Research &
Education
E-science
Specific disciplinary projects (not using above labels)41
Cyberinfrastructure Opportunities
NVO and ALMA
Climate Change
ATLAS and CMS
LIGO
The number of nation-scale projects is growing rapidly!
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Futures: The Computing Continuum
Smart
Objects
Petabyte
Archives
National
Petascale
Systems
Terabit Responsive
Collaboratories
Networks Environments
Laboratory
Terascale
Systems
Building Up
Ubiquitous
Sensor/actuator
Networks
Contextual
Awareness
Ubiquitous Infosphere
Building Out
Science, Policy
and Education
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The Changing Style of
Observational Astronomy
The Old Way:
Now:
Future:
Pointed, heterogeneous
observations
(~ MB - GB)
Large, homogeneous
sky surveys
(multi-TB,
~ 106 - 109 sources)
Multiple, federated
sky surveys and
archives (~ PB)
Small samples of
objects (~ 101 - 103)
Archives of pointed
observations (~ TB)
Virtual Observatory
44
Crab Nebula in 4 spectral regions
X-ray, optical, infrared, radio
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Four LHC Experiments: The Petabyte to
Exabyte Challenge
ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, LHCB
Higgs + New particles; Quark-Gluon Plasma; CP Violation
Data stored
~40 Petabytes/Year and UP;
CPU
0.30 Petaflops and UP
0.1 to
1
Exabyte (1 EB = 1018 Bytes)
(2007)
(~2012 ?) for the LHC Experiments
46
Virtual Observatory
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
http://www.us-vo.org/
Discovery process will
rely on advanced
visualization and data
mining tools
Not tied to a single
brick and mortar
location
Will cross correlate
existing multi-spectral
databases petabytes in
size
No new telescopes or radio
dishes. Just big networks
interconnecting large databases
47
Earthquake Engineering
Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES)
$ 81.8M FY01-04 NSF support requested.
Scoping study managed by NCSA; sponsored by NSF



NEES will provide a networked, national
resource of geographically-distributed, shareduse, next-generation, experimental research
equipment installations, with tele-observation
and tele-operation capabilities.
NEES will shift the emphasis of earthquake
engineering research from current reliance on
physical testing to integrated experimentation,
computation, theory, databases, and modelbased simulation using input data from
EarthScope and other sources.
NEES will be a collaboratory – an integrated
experimental, computational, communications,
and curated repository system, developed to
support collaboration in earthquake engineering
research and education.
48
Grid Communities

Access Grid Collaboration

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Enable collaborative work
at dozens of sites
worldwide, with strong
sense of shared presence
Combination of commodity
audio/video tech + Grid
technologies for security,
discovery, etc.
Presenter
camera
CRC, Sheraton and
universities participating Ambient mic
Presenter
mic
(tabletop)
Audience camera
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Asia-APAN
50
Asia–APAN

APAN Network: 한국, 일본, 중국, 대만, 싱가폴, 호주, 말레이시아, 태국,

필리핀, 홍콩, 베트남, 인도네시아, 스리랑카, 미국, 프랑스, EU 연결
APAN Community: 아태지역 각국의 초고속연구교육망 제공자 및 사용자
의 모임
아직 Cyberinfrastructure 혹은 eScience가 형성되지 않음. 그러나 일본을
중심으로 Natural Science 분야에서 활발히 활동

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
Weather/Climate, Agriculture, Earth Monitoring
Medical/Health
Museum, Art
High Energy Physics, BioInfomatics, NanoTechnology … etc
51
GOS
Observation
to understand
the current
weather
52
Weather/Meteorology
Trajectory
GMS
21 March 2002
53
Digital Earth
54
Forest Fire Early Detection System
Hotspots are observed in
NOAA-AVHRR and new
lights are detected by
DMSP-OLS.
Both data are combined and
the coordinate data are
stored in a file and also
plotted on base images
(left).
These data are sent to the
related organizations in
each country and also
archived to be displayed on
the web.
These information are automatically sent to a mobilephone (i-mode) of the manager by e-mail every day.
12
ANDES55
HENP Major Links: Bandwidth
Roadmap (Scenario) in Gbps
Year
Production
Experimental
2001
2002
0.155
0.622
0.622-2.5
2.5
2003
2.5
10
DWDM; 1 + 10 GigE
Integration
2005
10
2-4 X 10
 Switch;
 Provisioning
2007
2-4 X 10
1st Gen.  Grids
2009
~10 X 10
or 1-2 X 40
~5 X 40 or
~20 X 10
~Terabit
~10 X 10;
40 Gbps
~5 X 40 or
~20-50 X 10
~25 X 40 or
~100 X 10
2011
2013
~MultiTbps
Remarks
SONET/SDH
SONET/SDH
DWDM; GigE Integ.
40 Gbps 
Switching
2nd Gen  Grids
Terabit Networks
~Fill One Fiber
Continuing the Trend: ~1000 Times Bandwidth Growth Per Decade;
We are Rapidly Learning to Use and Share Multi-Gbps Networks 56
Global Medical Research Exchange
Initiative
Bio-Medicine and Health Sciences
St.
Petersburg
Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
NL
CA
MD
Barcelona
Greece
GHANA
Layer 1 – Spoke & Hub Sites
Buenos
Aires/San
Paolo
Chenai
Navi
Mumbai
CN
SG
PERTH
Layer 2 – Spoke & Hub Sites
Layer 3 – Spoke & Hub Sites
Global Quilt Initiative – GMRE Initiative - 001
Propose Global Research and Education Network for Physics
57
APAN
e-Learning
CAST
PCOM
APRTC
EDUC
SORG
Cross-organizational and international cooperation (COINCO) to
58
forge innovative
approaches to the challenge of e-learning market
中国农业大学植保生态智能系统技术（IPMist）实验室 网址：http://www.ipmist.org
Advanced Networks and
Cyberinfrastructure in Korea

과학 기술 연구 환경의 획기적 변화
고속 네트웍을 이용한 데이터, 연산 능력 등 자원의 공유를 통한 연구 효율
극대화
 초고속망 없이는 경쟁력 있는 첨단연구 불가: 바이오, 항공, 기상 등 6T
전분야

세계적 과학 기술 망 블록 등장 예상 됨
 초 부처적인 사업 개념 확립 필요
 e-Science, e-Education
 한국의 초고속망 - KOREN, (KREN), (KREONET)
국제: APII, TEIN
 정부-기관-학교를 포함하는 이용자 그룹: ANF

59
DancingQ(I)
60
DancingQ(II)
KII network
KOREN
U.S.
Seoul
The National Center for Korean
Traditional Performing Arts
vBNS, Abilene
Suwon
Daejeon
Kwangju
StarTAP
Daegu
622M×2
Busan
TransPAC
Japan
1G
Performance Sites
Kyusue
APII Test-bed(Asia Pacific Information Infra.) Busan National Univ.
KOREN(KOrea advanced REsearch Network)
KII Network(KII:Korea Information Infrastructure): ATM network
Tokyo-XP
WIDE, JGN
61
HDTV over IP Demo(I)
270Mbps High-Definition streaming video from Portland
Demonstrate the performance of IP network to support extremely high rate
multimedia data.
Portland
Busan
Tokyo
Fukuoka
~8000km/~5000mi
PWR
10M100M
ACT ACT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
UPLINK
COLCOL
SWITCH
131415161718192021222324
WIDE
Busan Marriotte Hotel
Cisco4003
270 Mb HD CLIENT
203.255.251.200
PWR
10M100M
ACT ACT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
COLCOL
SWITCH
131415161718192021222324
KOREN
1Gbps
APII
1Gbps
APAN
Juniper M20
JGN
622Mbps
HD D>A
HD DISPLAY
PWR
KOREN Busan
Cisco GSR
IEEAF/WIDE
BI4K
10M100M
ACT ACT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112
COLCOL
SWITCH
131415161718192021222324
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
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14
15
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17
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20
21
22
23
24
UPLINK
UW
HP 4148 Switch
UPLINK
KOREN Busan
Cisco4006
HDCAM DECODER
IEEAF
10Gbps
UW
Juniper M10
Data
AST-HD-1
203.181.249.211
Gekai XP
Juniper M10
WORKSTATION
BUSAN
JAPAN
USA
62
HDTV over IP Demo(II)
63
Global Advanced Networks
Internet2
CII/NSF
GEANT/EU
eScience/UK
APAN
CII-K/ANF
64
Advanced Network Forum (http://anf.ne.kr)
APII-2
Link
GEANT
(to Paris)
10Gbps
ANF Vision of
Future Distributed HUB
Korea
TEIN
Japan
45Mbps
622Mbps * 2
China
Internet2
/STAR TAP
(to Chicago)
Myanmar
Vietnam
Thailand
TransPAC
Philippines
nGbps
Malaysia
nMbps
APII, A3I Links
Singapore
Indonesia
Australia
65
Distributed Cluster - Proposal
North East Asia Cluster
(JP, KR,…)
Japan
Europe
Korea
North America
USA


China
 Taiwan
Hong Kong

Thailand
Malaysia
 Sri Lanka

Vietnam

Philippines

Singapore

Indonesia
South East Asia Cluster
(MY, TH,…)
Oceania Cluster
(AU, ,…)
Access Point
Exchange Point
 Australia
66
IEEAF: APAN Opportunities
IEEAF: 622 Mbps POS
+10 Gbps 
AARNet
67
A National Optical Networking
Capability of Internet2
68
Abilene Focus(’03~’04)


High perfomance , native advanced
services: Multicast, IPv6, Large Flows
End-to-End support
Dedicated Capability Experimentation



10-Gbps optical upgrade
TeraGrid experiment:best-effort
virtual circuit
Advanced Restoration Techniques
69
Abilene Restoration



Abilene has a partial mesh of
unprotected DWDM circuits replacing
protected SONET circuits
VoIP and other real-time applications
are becoming more important
Graceful restart for IS-IS and BGP
70
Why a national optical facility?




Expansion capability (λ’s) at
marginal cost
New technology: 10Gigabit
Ethernet in place of SONET
Means for introducing
interdomain optical switching
Influencing development of new
protocols at IP/optical interface
71
Abilene Network 10-Gpbs Optical
Upgrade –(’02~’03)
72
NRL(National RambdaRail)
73
What is NLR(I)


a consortium of leading U.S. research
universities and private sector
technology companies
NLR aims to reenergize innovative
research and development into next
generation network technologies,
protocols, services and applications
74
What is NLR(II)


combine new optical circuit
technologies and existing high
performance Internet services to
develop a next generation of
advanced networking capabilities.
intend to offer national experimental
service over a λ–‘lambda grid’
deployment initially
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Features

Largest optical networking & research
facility in the world



~10,000 route-miles of dark fiber
Four 10-Gbps λ’s provisioned at outset
Use of high speed Ethernet for WAN

10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN PHY is primary
interface
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Internet2 and NLR


Intend to offer national experimental
service over a single λ for first 5
years of operation –lambda grid
Corporate partners




Cisco(optronics/switching/routing)
Level 3(fiber)
Strong interest by other optronics
companies
Budget: $83-100M over 5 years
77
National LambdaRail Architecture
78
NLR’s ‘Virtuous Circles’ and the Vital Role of
Dark Fiber
79
HOPI(Hybrid Optical/Packet
Infrastructure
80
Outline


Assembling the vital ingredients

High-peformance national IP network –Abilene

Regional Optical Networks(RONs)

National optical capabilities –NLR
Hybrid networking – next steps


Plans for the NLR λ dedicated to Internet2
Steps towards developing a Hybrid Optical
Packet Infrastructure(HOPI)
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10-Gbps λ over full NLR footprint


Details
 5-year commitment
 Likely 10GigE framing(in lieu of
OC192c SONET)
Expect some type of ‘TDM’
infrastructure to be provisioned by
Internet2 in collaboration with NLR
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Hybrid Optical Networking






Includes both IP packet and circuit
capabilities
Provides new opportunities for demanding
applications and network experimentation
Does not obviate security and
performance issues
Requires interoperability and varying
degrees of on-demand resource allocation
Depends on interplay of national, regional,
and metropolitan efforts
Examples: National LambdaRail, regional
83
optical networks
NLR-Internet2 relationship
84
References






ANF – http://anf.ne.kr
APAN - http://apan.net
Canarie – http://www.canarie.ca
Internet2 – http://www.internet2.edu
Geant – http://www.geant.net
National LambdaRail -http://www.getlight.net/
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Conclusion






IP, Optical, Wireless
Low Tide in Networking Research
Yet Long Way to the Netopia
Chances for the Innovative
Information Infrastructure
The Third Wave
86