Transcript Logan-Orviss International

Real Time Capabilities & IN supporting new
Services
and charging Schemes
Sigurd J. Schilling
Country Mgr. Switzerland
Senior Consultant
Logan Orviss International
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Logan-Orviss International - Company Profile
• Specialists in Business & Operations Support Systems (BOSS)
for all types of Telecom Operators globally
• Founded in 1995 in Sophia Antipolis, France
• Subsidiaries in Benelux, France, Germany/Switzerland, UK,
Scandinavia, Israel, USA.
• Global, “virtual” telecom consulting company
– 150 consultants spread throughout Europe and US
– Mix of employees and “long-term” contractors
• Strong telecom and IT background
– “Operator” experience
– Consultants have multiple competencies - business analysis, solution
architecture, advice & realisation.
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Logan-Orviss International at glance
We have delivered over 150 consultancy projects in more than 30 countries
LOI Americas
LOI Scandinavia
LOI France
LOI UK
LOI Israel
LOI Germany
Customer
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Relevant convergent charging experience
O2 Ireland
Business Case
Orange Scandinavia:
New BSS
Architecture
H3G UK:
Complete
Architecture
E-plus:
Pre-pay interfaces
Swisscom Mobile
BSS
Architecture
H3G Italia:
Complete
Architecture
Cegetel:
2.5/3G BSS
Architecture
Vodafone-Omnitel:
Pre-pay interfaces
Cellcom (Israel):
Pre-pay solutions
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Agenda
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Problem statement
Business/Technology Drivers and Constraints
The different IN “schools”
Charging for Content
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Problem Statement
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Realtime Capabilities
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Is the end-customer asking for it?
Another temporary “fad”?
A technology supplier push?
How real is it today?
A clash of cultures?
Which path to take?
Scope:
– All services?
– All subscribers (pre-paid + post-paid; residential, SME,
enterprises, etc)?
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Business & Technology
Drivers and Constraints
- value based pricing
- realtime
- convergence: end-user perspective
- openness
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New Services perspectives
e. g. Service Gateways controled approach to
Enterprise and Consumer segments
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Secure access &managed services
Content servcies
Real-time services
Security & policy Mgmnt.
Fast provisioning and service set-up &
depoyment
• Multiple charging schemes across
networks,domains and applications
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New Services
e.g.
• SIP VPN
- Prepaid sessions on IN service cards
- Call screening and forwarding
- Self provisioning
- „Busy/No answer“ notifying mail
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New Services
• WiFi Prepaid
- Integration of WiFi and IN platforms
- Prepaid WiFi usage on IN Service cards
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Drivers & Constraints
Convergence
Value based pricing
Realtime
Openness
Target: Convergence –
Customer Central
Convergence ultimately promises to place the customer at the
centre of multiple usage patterns
Community
Pro/Person
Family
Payment method
Service
Prepaid, Postpaid, 3rd
party, other (Mwallet, bank
account, mileage…)
Voice, Data
Multiple service sessions
Customer
Access Network
GSM, GPRS, UMTS,
WLAN (WI-FI)
HPLMN, VPLMN
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Device
Mobile phone, on-board
computer, Laptop, PDA,
MP3 player, Gameboy…
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Drivers & Constraints
Value based pricing
Realtime
Convergence
Openness
Perceived value vs cost of transport
Operators must find the right balance between pricing
sophistication and implementation constraints in a given
competitive market
The Media Co.
The Telco
Charge for Value
Cover Costs
e.g.
- You can charge more for the latest track by
Britney Spears rather than one that is 6 months old
e.g.
- Data traffic across the RAN and GPRS can
be charged by the byte
- You can charge more to watch a replay of a goal in
the first 30 mins after it was scored
- Storage can be charged by the byte
Pros:
Cons:
- Increased profits
- Matches with perceived value
- Higher risk of not covering costs
- More complex charging model
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Pros:
Cons:
- Revenue based on costs, low risk
- Simple charging model
- Lower profits (becomes a commodity)
- Customer does not understand value
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Drivers & Constraints
Value based pricing
Realtime
Convergence
Openness
Charging
unit
Modelling the pricing of a service/transaction
•
The relevant charging unit depends on service type
– Kbytes or #pages for portal browsing, Seconds for
audio streaming and VoIP, Event for file download,
Sent/Received messages for email…
•
The value of the delivered content
– Video clip of a recent football goal has higher value
than an older one
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The context of the delivery
– QoS, location, network type, roaming, device used,
time of day…
•
The marketing policy (segmentation and discounts)
– Discount based on usage, cross channel discounts…
– Segmented policy, groups and communities
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Drivers & Constraints
Value based pricing
Realtime
Convergence
Openness
Modelling the pricing of a service/transaction
Controled by
content providers
Content
value
Unit
Network information
Customer knowledge
Controled by the operator
To stay in control and to optimise their
revenue streams, operators have interest to
leverage (and charge for) their assets:
• Network based information
Not only ‘dumb pipe’ traffic, but also unique
capabilities such as protocol used, end-to-end
security, multidevice/multinetwork session
handling, location, QoS, device type
knowledge…
• Customer knowledge
The ability to leverage the knowledge of
individual behaviours across multiple services
can create differentiation and increase loyalty
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Drivers & Constraints
Value based pricing
Realtime
Convergence
Openness
Architecture implications
From an architectural point of view, value based charging requires
• Flexible rating engine(s), able to :
– Handle the wide range of potential charging units and parameters
– Provide advanced rating features, such as cross products promotions,
usage based discounts, high segmentation,…
– Be flexible enough to allow on-the-fly subscriptions and rapid configuration
changes
• Smart network mediation(s), able to
– Interface with multiple networks of different types
– Manage usage consolidation and correlation so as to expose the relevant
(from the end-user viewpoint) charging unit to rating
– Monitor more than simply the number of Kbytes
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Drivers & Constraints
Value based pricing
Realtime
Convergence
Openness
The need for realtime interactions
Services preferences
Foot-on-line: -alerts
-video
-m-commerce
Weather forecasts:
- browsing
- events
Pre and PostPaid users need
•
•
•
•
Real-time
Real-time
Real-time
Real-time
charging
access control
usage monitoring
end-user dialog
Subscription
John Smith
- m-wallet
Arsenal T-Shirt
30 euros
Terminals: - laptop
buy
Payment: - PrePaid
- gprs phone
connect
goal videoclip
download=5c
Voice call
disconnect
20c/min
connect
disconnect
Home Page Weather forecast
1c/kbyte
2c/kbyte or event
see goal immediately !
now !
change tariff
inform customer
check money on PP account
ask user permission
(Potentially) stop kbytes charging
begin download or streaming
based on handset type
alert !
call a friend
Start immediately
simultaneous
charging on same
balance
download OK!
warning !
only 4 euros left
on PrePaid account
Insert immediately
Wap page notif.
15 min promotion!
Half price on Arsenal T-shirts
buy one right now
debit my PrePaid now
PrePaid balance=0!
resume kbytes charging
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Logan Orviss
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theof session
immediately
- ‹#› -
Arsenal 1 – Spurs 0
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Drivers & Constraints
Value based pricing
Realtime
Convergence
Openness
What is ‘realtime’
Operators must find the right balance between the
advantages and hurdles of realtime
“delayed”
“near real-time”
e.g.
-calls and sessions are simply
switched; no control is carried out
e.g.
-calls and sessions are allowed to
proceed; limited control is possible
- usage records are “pulled” on a
regular basis (e.g. a few hours) and
processed through traditional
mediation, rating and invoicing
processes and systems
-usage records are “pushed” and
processed as quickly as protocols
and systems would allow
Pros:
Cons:
- Low cost
- Handles large volumes
- User experience is
simplified (no/limited
delays and dialogue)
- Higher credit risk
- Not a competitive
differentiator
Pros:- Satisfactory levels of
credit risk
- Return on Investment
- Technically proven
Cons:- Complex integration
- dependent on
equipment capabilities
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“real-time”
e.g.
- all calls and sessions are
controlled through “signalling”
messages
-actions (advice of charge,
recharge, barring, etc) can occur
during the call/session
Pros:
Cons:
- Maximum risk control
for operator
- Customer can choose
interaction and method
of payment
- Costly
- Technically complex
for new services
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Conceptual Wireless Prepaid Architecture
2G Cellular
Network
GPRS/
UMTS/
Internet
MSC
SMSC
Usage records:
Mediation
Usage records:
CDR, EDR, ...
GGSN/
WAP-GW
Service AAA, Control
Platform
IN-Prepaid
ServiceControl
Platform
Rating
Postpay
& Prepaid
Balance/Credit
Management
Post-/Prepaid
Advice of Charge
Management
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Key Architecture Factors
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•
•
•
Modular, distributed, scalable, reliable (5x9’s)
GUI interface & Configuration tools
Decrease Usage volume
Realtime or Near Realtime
The business model chosen
– Partial or full pre-postpaid convergence?
– Is advice of charge needed?
• Rate plans – centrally vs. duplicated & distributed
• Rating separated from Billing, interacts with IN
• Where to locate Balance Management?
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IN Concepts
The different IN Concepts
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Solutions and Industry Trends –
‘The Four Schools’
We can identify four different “schools” which all attempt to provide
a (often partial) solution to the mediation and charging challenges:
– “IN/Core Network approach” (wireless specific)
• Led by Core (Circuit and Packet) Network professionals
– “IT/Billing approach”
• Led by Information Systems professionals
– “IP approach”
• Led by Services Network professionals
– “Content Providers approach”
• Led by Content and Commerce professionals
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The target areas
Account Mngt
Function
Billing/Invoicing
Partner
Function
Settlement
Account Balance
Rating
Management
Function
Function
Partner
Charging
Charging function
Call/Session Control function
Mediation
« MSC »
SGSN/GGSN
IP/Application
IP/Application
server(s)
server
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The IT perspective
• “IT approach”
– Led by Information Systems professionals
– A single local “balance”
• “Content service approach”
– Led by Content and Commerce professionals
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The IT perspective
Account Mngt
Function
Billing/Invoicing
Partner
Function
Settlement
Account Balance
Rating
Management
Function
Function
Partner
Charging
Charging function
Call/Session Control function
Mediation
« MSC »
SGSN/GGSN
IP/Application
IP/Application
server(s)
server
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The IN/IP perspective
• “Core Network approach”
– Led by Core (Circuit and Packet) Network professionals
– “Real-time” slant
•
“IP approach”
– Led by Services Network professionals
– “Near real-time” slant
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The IN/IP perspective
Account Mngt
Function
Billing/Invoicing
Partner
Function
Settlement
Bo
Account Balance
Rating
Management
Function
Function
Partner
Rc
Re
Parlay
Charging
Charging function
Call/Session Control function
Mediation
CAP
« MSC »
CAP
SGSN/GGSN
Ro
IP/Application
IP/Application
server(s)
server
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Network Topology
Content Providers
IT/Billing Vendors
CRM
Customer Care
and self care
Billing and
invoicing
platform
M-commerce
platform
M-payment
gateway
Wholesale
CollectionGW
/
Collection
Mediation GW
Rating
Engine
RT
Rating
Engine
Account
Account&
Balance
management
management
User Session
Content delivery
platform
Top up
AAA
AAA
HLR/
HSS
MSC
L2/3/4 Router
IN
Prepaid
Parlay GW
SCP
GGSN
SGSN
SMS-C
S-CSCF
IP
Node/
IPNode/
Service Node
M-wallet
Advice of
Charge
Mobile
Portal
Wap GW
Non Intrusive
Probe
Intrusive
Probe
Messaging
L7 switch
MMS-C
Charging GW
SIM / IC
IN/Core Vendors
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IP Vendors
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Solutions and Industry Trends –
‘The Four Schools’
Content Providers
Billing Vendors
MaxBill
COMPTEL
Core/IN Vendors
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IP Vendors
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Charging for
Content Services
– IN / Core based solutions
– IT / Billing solutions
– IP solutions
– Content Providers solutions
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The major approaches
IN / Core Network
IT / Billing
IP
Content Providers
Traditional 2G Core Network approach
Support systems
Recharging
Customer care
Self care
Provisioning
Marketing
Billing
• provisioning
usage reports
CDRs
SMS-C
Events (near
RT or bulk)
Prepaid
balance
Prepaid service
HLR
MAP
OR
Network control
gsmSCF
SSF
SCF
Service Node
SCP
OR
HotBilling
Mediation
CS-1
Camel ph1
MSC
gsmSSF
ISDN/ISUP
CDRs
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The major approaches
IN/Core Network
IT
IP
Content Providers
IN Evolution to 2.5G
1. Extension of IN model to Core data network
(Camel 3 or other)
2. Enhancement of PrePaid service to support
PostPaid customers
3. Openness of account data (Parlay, XML…)
Support systems
External gateway
(OSA/Parlay, XML…)
4. Later: openess of internal functionality
3
SMS-C
Prepaid
Pre/Postpaid
balance
account
2
4
Pre/PostPaid
PrePaid service
service
HLR
Network control
gsmSCF Propriet.
SCP
Option2: proprietary (Radius
extensions, SNMP,…)
MSC
gsmSSF
Option1:
CAP3
1
SGSN
AAA
GGSN
gprsSSF
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Wireless services
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The major approaches
IN/Core Network
IT
IP
Content Providers
Evolution to All-IP UMTS R5
Support systems
External gateway
(Parlay, XML…)
SMS-C
Prepaid
Pre/Postpaid
balance
account
Pre/PostPaid
PrePaid service
service
HSS
Network control
SIP CC.
SCP
gsmSCF
CAP/IP
MSC
Option1: CAP
to IM-SSF
gsmSSF
SIP
IM-SSF
Option2: SIP
Call Control
SIP
SGSN
gprsSSF
GGSN
S-CSCF
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Wireless services
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The major approaches
IN/Core Network
IT
IP
Content Providers
•
Strong middleware capabilities
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–
–
–
–
–
–
•
OSA/Parlay – IN Openness
Security and network integrity
Realtime
Prepaid & Postpaid
Wireless & Wireline
3GPP Standard
SLA management
Clearly separates charging from application
Billing features
– Charging: charge, credit, reserve in raw units or cash amounts, split charging (Parlay
4.0 / 3GPP Rel5)
–
–
–
–
–
•
Accounting: balance enquiry, notifications, transactions history
Avoids proprietary API’s
Can enable 3rd parties to bill
Limited Billing vendors support
Likely to be limited to internal use or for MVNOs at first
Performance issues
– Unlikely to be used for high performance services (voice Prepaid…)
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The major approaches
IN/Core Network
IT
IP
Content Providers
IN/Core Network vendors
Strengths & Weaknesses
PROS
•
Specialists of realtime
–
–
•
call flows, AAA, state models, interfaces…
performance, reliability, provisioning,…
Specialists of network interfaces
–
–
Seamless management of core network transitions (UMTS/GPRS), roaming and evolutions over time (SS7/AllIP)
Realtime management of contextual information
–
Security : AAA, Fraud control,…
•
•
QoS, location, MSISDN/IMSI/IP-Addresses correlation, connections/disconnections, …
Some have started to move towards higher functionality
–
–
–
Rating engine close to Postpaid complexity
Handling of Postpaid users with advanced cost control and lifecycle
Internal modularity
CONS
•
Still highly integrated systems
–
–
•
Higher costs and deployment delays due to HW and SW coupling
Difficult integration of external modules due to centralized data management and middleware
Requires additional capabilities for content charging
–
Core Network information (through Camel or other way) can not discriminate usage below pdp-context
granularity
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Charging for
Content Services
– IN / Core based solutions
– IT / Billing Solutions & Trends
– IP solutions
– Content Providers solutions
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The major approaches
IN / Core Network
IT / Billing
IP
Content Providers
IT / Billing Solutions & Trends
1. Enable (near)realtime & convergent Rating and Customer Admin
2. Interface with SCP type of mediation for information collection and interactive
dialog & control. Traditional mediation is still active for batch, push, events…
3. Develop modules for 3rd party handling, m-commerce and service presentation (self
provisioning/self care)
Content/Service
Billing system
providers
Service provisioning
Settlements
Customer
account
Pre/Postpaid
account
Banks/credit
card institutions
M-commerce /epayment
Rating
Self provisioning,
self care &
payment
Realtime Rating
End-users
Mediation
Mediation
‘SCP’
Cellular/ ISP network
Service
platform
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The major approaches
IN / Core Network
IT / Billing
IP
Content Providers
•
IT/Billing Approach – Pros & Cons
PROS
Close to the needs of end-users and content providers
– Usually, functionally rich in terms of rating, cross channel discounts
– Open interfaces to 3rd parties
• for settlement, registration etc - (Java, EAI, …)
•
Deployment flexibility
– Short delivery cycle
– Modular design, allowing for smooth migration to end-to-end capabilities
•
Cost of deployment and maintenance
•
CONS
Limited or no experience in realtime areas => Pre/Postpaid convergence still
slideware
– Need realtime interface to the different networks
– Rating engine and SCP are finally highly bundled
– Performance and reliability unproved
•
•
Require additional capabilities for content charging
Lack of standards
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Charging for
Content Services
– IN/Core based solutions
– IT/Billing solutions
– IP solutions
– Content Providers solutions
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The major approaches
IN / Core Network
IT / Billing
IP
Content Providers
Overview IP Approach
AAA
SMS-C
22
PrePaid
PostPaid
HLR
11
External
corporate LAN
MSC
Operator domain
Probe
SGSN
GGSN
Probe
APNn
IP address
ftp server
IP address
Other
server
Probe
IP address
Wap GW
IP address
APN1
Internet
GW
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Publicdomain
IP address Public Service n
MMS-C
Contentserver
url 1…n
Public Service 1
Internet
url 1…n
IP address
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The major approaches
IN / Core Network
IT / Billing
IP
Content Providers
Solutions & Trends – ‘The IP School’
• IP domain is characterized by 2 different approaches
– IP Flow charging
– IP Events charging (download servers, streaming…)
• …and the choice is not always obvious
– e.g. download can be charged based on event from download server, or
from IP transport via traffic analysis
– Chat service can be charged:
• on a per message basis (event),
• on duration or volume basis (transport)
• or a combination…
• …but there is a trend to track and control the IP flow
– new services (TV on ADSL, streaming video, IP-telephony …)
– distinction between On/Off Portal and control of external flows
– convergence of access networks
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The major approaches
IN / Core Network
IT / Billing
IP
Content Providers
•
•
IP School - IP Probes
IP Probes allow to dive into the IP stream
Generic IP Probes characteristics:
–
–
–
–
–
Collect/Aggregate/Report,
No standards whatsoever,
No dominant architecture or strategy,
Applies indifferently to fixed, mobile, internet or WLAN.
Data collection strategies:
1.
Log files
•
2.
Passive Probes - non-intrusive monitoring
•
3.
Realtime, extensive data, NO control
Active Probes - intrusive monitoring
•
–
Mediation-like, simplest, non realtime
Realtime, extensive data, control, expensive
These strategies are not mutually exclusive
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The major approaches
IN / Core Network
IT / Billing
IP
Content Providers
Real life ‘IP’ example:
Passive Probe (Xacct)
Passive IP Metering
-> session reconstitution rather than
dynamic session management
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Charging for
Content Services
– IN / Core based solutions
– IT / Billing solutions
– IP solutions
– Content Providers (M-Commerce)
solutions
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The major approaches
IN / Core Network
IT / Billing
IP
Content Providers
Solutions and industry trends –
‘The M-Commerce School’
Operator domain
Possibly out of
operator domain:
- MVNOs
- Web Services: .Net…
- Banks
- Service Providers
-…
End-users
M-Commerce platform
PrePaid
PostPaid
Single Sign-on,
interaction
management
Banks/credit
card institutions
Authentication
M-wallet
Payment method
selection
Content/Service
providers
Other m-commerce
activities
Cellular/ISP network
Service
platform
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The major approaches
IN / Core Network
IT / Billing
IP
Content Providers
Solutions and Industry Trends –
‘the M-Commerce school’
• Set of support functions –
facilitating financial transactions
– Handset seen as authentication & payment tool
– ‘Single Sign-on’ infrastructure (.Net…)
– Secure links with financial institutions
• (credit and debit cards, banks…)
– Commerce platforms
– E-wallets
– Settlements
• Application driven
– Operator loses transaction control
... can be easily done outside the operator scope
• M-Commerce school does not provide any solution for:
– integration with networks
– operator specific policies (e.g. Prepaid / Postpaid…)
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The major approaches
IN / Core Network
IT / Billing
IP
Content Providers
M-commerce Example –
Services Purchase via w-Ha - Process
The user choses a
product/service
1
End-User
Content Provider
6
Service is
delivered
5
Delivery
authorisation
4
W-Ha asks for validation.
User agrees
Operator
/ISP
2
Autorisation
request
w-Ha.com
3
User is identified
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Summary
–
Customer centered Content Services
•
–
“IN/Core Network approach”
•
•
•
•
–
Network & IN based solutions to IP/content challenges;
Solid delivery track record
Focused on (near) real-time, high performance & reliability
Rely on standards – G/SGSN, CAMEL3 (IP), OSA/Parlay interfaces, IPDR.
“IT approach”
•
•
•
•
•
–
to be monitored & charged for all customers, across all services, devices, networks, etc.
Extend to Prepaid, Convergence & Balance mgt.
Maturing real-time rating ( “all in memory”) and Interfaces
Personalised, sophisticated rate plans & discounting
Decouple SCP and Charging
Marketing flexibility above performance & reliability.
“IP approach”
•
•
Content and (packet) data are traditional IP territory
Innovative, “can do” approach resulting in many “IP-solutions”
•
•
•
•
•
Passive & Active Probes – analyse, collect & control IP-usage
“Island-Billing” features directly inside service delivery nodes (e.g. SMSC/MMSC real-time charging)
Relying on standards – e.g. IP V6, SIP, etc.
Lack of maturity
IP premise vision: complete control & visibility of the IP traffic of all OSI-layers –
–
–
–
- SMSC, MMSC, Messaging, portals, Wap GW, AAA, Probes, Session control.
incl. protocols, encrypted connections, trusted/untrusted, private/public traffic application info, etc.
“Content Providers approach”
•
•
•
•
Telco's ≈ ISPs, Network-access = commodity
Charge service “value”, not traffic
Use “M-Commerce” platform, Smart/SIM cards and own login and customer admin
Attention needed: Fraud mgt, real-time, “carrier-grade” platforms, integration with networks!
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Realtime & Billing
One Example
OSA / Parlay and content charging
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Connection service
Managed by connection provider
Telecom operator or ISP
Typically: opening a PDP context for GPRS
Trigger when entering / exiting data session
Monitoring of time, volume
Start
Data Session
Service session
Start
Stop
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Stop
• End-user service
• Managed by service provider
• Entering a Web section, downloads, gaming
session, push services, streaming services
• Trigger when entering / exting the service
• Monitoring of protocol, addresses, urls, time,
volume
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• Typically: web or WAP browser
Customer
1
User
Agent
6
• Collocated with service
• Ask for payment when
delivering service
• Can be different bearer
Request
Engine
2
Merchant
Service Provider
ASP
3
Rating
Engine
4
Confirmation
Engine
5
Payment
Engine
Payment Service Provider
• Network operator
• ISP
• Or independant payment provider
7
• User prepaid account
• e-Wallet
• Computes the value ($)
• Input from Request
Engine (service value,
class of service, etc….)
• Other input (time of
day, promotion,
communities ….
Settlement
Engine
Financial Service Provider
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Service
Service provider
Content provider
ASP
Service
Service
• User prepaid account
• Rating Engine
• Voice prepaid application
• GPRS prepaid application
• Volume information
• Per session (PDP context)
Data network
SCP
SCP
INAP
CAP 1&2
IP
MSC
CAP 3
GGSN
SGSN
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Charging for New Services: ”Core Network Approach”
•OSA/Parlay Gateway
•NESP
•Service Capability Servers
Enhanced
Services
Service provider
Content provider
ASP
Service
Service
Frame
work
CHAM
Call
Control
Data
Session
Service
Session
Service
LDAP, CORBA
SCP
SCP
Data network
INAP
CAP 1&2
Intelligent
Peripheral
MSC
CAP 3
GGSN
Probe
SGSN
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Service
Service
Service
Parlay/Corba
Service
Request
Engine
Service provider
Content provider
ASP
Service
Service
Frame
work
CHAM
Other OSA/Parlay API
LDAP
Data network
SCP
SCP
INAP
CAP 1&2
IP
MSC
CAP 3
GGSN
SGSN
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Content
Charging
Service
Service
Service provider
Content provider
ASP
Service
Service
Frame
work
Service
Session
CHAM
LDAP
Data network
SCP
SCP
INAP
CAP 1&2
Probe
IP
MSC
CAP 3
GGSN
SGSN
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Service
Charging
Web Service
Web service
(HTTP)
Request
Engine
Service provider
Content provider
ASP
Service
Service
Frame
work
Service
Session
CHAM
LDAP
Data network
SCP
SCP
INAP
CAP 1&2
Probe
IP
MSC
CAP 3
GGSN
SGSN
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Survey - Question 11 (2004)
•
Q11. What do you think is currently the best way to achieve the real
time functionality required to manage customer balances?
a) One system: located ‘in the IN/network’ for all customers
b) One system: located ‘in the IT domain’ for all customers
c) One system: located between the IN and IT domains for all customers
d) Two systems: prepaid managed in the IN and postpaid managed in the ‘IT/billing domain’
2004
2004
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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Questions
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The End
Thank you
contact :
[email protected]
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Where IT meets IN
• “Most operators cannot justify economically and
technically an entire redesign of their charging
architectures, so the key is to get the best mix
from the wide variety of competing approaches
currently being talked about in the marketplace.”
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