Transcript Davis Social Links, April-01, 2008

ecs289m Spring, 2008
Online Social Network (1)
S. Felix Wu
Computer Science Department
University of California, Davis
[email protected]
http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~wu/
Online Social Network
• What is a social network?
• What is an online social network?
– Realize and represent the human social
networks “explicitly” (from “somewhat vague,
fuzzy and implicit”)
– Promote “OSN Applications”
– Utilizing the “online” perspective to further
develop the human social network
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Is this a spam?
FROM:MR.CHEUNG PUI
Hang Seng Bank Ltd
Sai Wan Ho Branch
171 Shaukiwan Road
Hong Kong.
Please contact me on my personal box [[email protected]]
Let me start by introducing myself, Felix. I am Mr. Cheung Pui, director of
operations of the Hang Seng Bank Ltd,Sai Wan Ho Branch. I have a obscured
business suggestion for you.
Before the U.S and Iraqi war our client Matt (Bishop) who was with the Iraqi
forces and also business man made a numbered fixed deposit for 18 calendar
months, with a value of Twenty Four millions Five Hundred Thousand United
State Dollars only in my branch. Upon maturity several notice was sent to him,…
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This was considered a spam!
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About ecs289m
• This is a research-oriented course.
• Learning via guided survey, proposal,
research study, and experiments
• “The process is more important than the
result” -- Journaling
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The Requirement
• Your electronic “research journal”
– Timestamp
– What did you learn from the lectures and the
readings? Any reflective comments/thoughts?
– What problems are you considering and why?
Who you have talked to further narrow or
broader the scope?
– What was/is your plan (and its evolution)? Why
is this plan exciting and how to justify that?
– What about the execution and result?
– What have you learned?
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Grading
• Is the journal truthful? (I.e., is that really
you who did this and that?)
• Is the journal significant, not superficial,
and mature at the end?
• Was the recording of the journal
reasonably frequent? (I.e., you made
progress weekly and you need to submit
and share your journal with others.)
• A final presentation & interactive grading
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Examples
•
•
•
•
OSN core architecture and evaluation
Novel OSN applications
OSN data collection and analysis
OSN network development
• Implementation, Theoretical Analysis, Real
data analysis, Simulation
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About the Instructor
• S. Felix Wu ([email protected], x4-7070)
• Office: 3057 Kemper Hall
• Office Hours:
– 10:30-11:30 a.m. on Mon/Fri
– by appointment
• Project meeting (10:30~11:30 Wed, TBA)
– I like to have another hour for the class to get
together for discussion
– For remote students, we will do teleconference.
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Class communication
• You must have a Facebook account!
• I will set up a group for you to join.
• If you are not yet my FB friend, you must
not be my friend until this quarter is over.
– I will help you to setup DSL such that you can
still communicate with me.
– I will use “email” as the backup.
– Header: [ecs289m s2008]
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Reading Assignments
• DSL related papers
• Many other papers
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Readings (1)
• “Statistical mechanics of complex networks” by Albert and
Barabasi, REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, Volumne
74, January 2002.
• “Complex networks and decentralized search algorithms”
by Kleinberg, Proceedings of the International Congress of
Mathematicians, Madrid, Spain, 2006.
• “Searching in a Small World” by Oskar Sandberg, Thesis.
• I will put the links under the course website:
– http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~wu/ecs289m/index.html
• You don’t have to read everything, but please journal the
parts you read (and which parts!).
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Your inputs are welcome!!
• This is not a traditional academic graduate
course.
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Davis Social Links
• Routable identity versus receiver control
• Trust & Reputation system in “L3”
• Applications:
– FIND (Future Internet Design), OSN
(Facebook/Orkut/SecondLife), MANET
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Communicate: [A, D]
B
D
A
C
As long as “A” knows “D’s routable identity” …
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Urgent! Please contact me!
FROM:MR.CHEUNG PUI
Hang Seng Bank Ltd
Sai Wan Ho Branch
171 Shaukiwan Road
Hong Kong.
Please contact me on my personal box [[email protected]]
Let me start by introducing myself. I am Mr. Cheung Pui, director of operations of
the Hang Seng Bank Ltd,Sai Wan Ho Branch. I have a obscured business
suggestion for you.
Before the U.S and Iraqi war our client Major Fadi Basem who was with the Iraqi
forces and also business man made a numbered fixed deposit for 18 calendar
months, with a value of Twenty Four millions Five Hundred Thousand United
State Dollars only in my branch. Upon maturity several notice was sent to him,…
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Hijacked Routable Identify
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[A,D] + social context
B
D
A
C
“A” has to explicitly declare if there is any
social context under this communication activity
with “D”!
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The same message content
• “M” from Cheung Pui
• “M” from Cheung Pui via IETF mailing list
• “M” from Cheung Pui via Karl Levitt
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Social Context
• “M” from Cheung Pui
 Probably a spam
• “M” from Cheung Pui via IETF mailing list
 Probably not interesting
• “M” from Cheung Pui via Karl Levitt
 Better be more serious…
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Social Context
• “M” from Cheung Pui
 Probably a spam
• “M” from Cheung Pui via IETF mailing list
 Probably not interesting
• “M” from Cheung Pui via Karl Levitt
 Better be more serious…
Either “M” is important, or
Karl’s machine has been subverted!
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[A,D] + social context
??
B
D
A
C
“A” has to explicitly declare if there is any
social context under this communication activity
with “D”! But, “D” only cares if it is from
“C” or not!
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Online Social Network
• What is a social network?
• What is an online social network?
– Realize and represent the human social
networks “explicitly” (from “somewhat vague,
fuzzy and implicit”)
– Promote “OSN Applications”
– Utilizing the “online” perspective to further
develop the human social network
• Representation, Application, Development
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Just initially, a couple issues …
• How to establish the social route?
– How would “A” know about “D” (or “D’s
identity”) ?
• How to maintain this “reputation network”?
– MessageReaper: A Feed-back Trust Control
System (Spear/Lang/Lu)
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Social network analytical models
• Network Mathematics (Sandberg’s talk)
– Random graph model (low diameter)
• Newman/Watts/Strogatz, 2002
– Small world model (high cluster coefficient)
• Watts/Strogatz, 1998
– Scale-free network (node degree distribution)
• Barabasi/Albert, 1999
• What is the right model for the network?
– Please read “#1”.
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Search on “OSN”
• How to get to
from
?
• The Small world model
– 6 degree separation (Milgram, 1967)
– “existence of a short path”
– How to find the short path? (Kleinberg, 2000)
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Routing in a Small World
•
Common question: do short paths exist?
• Algorithmic question: assuming short paths exist.
How do people find them?
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Kleinberg’s Model
• Kleinberg’s model:
– People  points on a two
dimensional grid.
– “P” Grid edges (short range).
– “Q” long range contacts chosen
with the inverse rth-power
distribution.
– How to search?
• [S, T]
• Find the neighbor closest to T
– Work well only when r=2, p=q=1
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Kleinberg’s Model
• Use only Local information, except the
distance to the target.
– However, what is the “global distance” in cyber
space?
– Yet, the assumption behind is that the “edges”
depend on the “relative distance”.
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In Facebook…
• How will we tell whether the relative
distance between X&Y is closer than X&Z?
– X, Y, Z (assuming they are all direct friends to
each other)
• One simple idea: “Keyword intersection”
– KW(X), KW(Y), KW(Z)
– 1/(#[KW(a) KW(b)] + 1)
– Will this work? How about global distance?

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Kleinberg’s model
• Inherently assume “routable identity”
– You have to know the Target identity, and you
also need to know the distance metric.
– And, then the search algorithm will get to it
probabilistically.
– The sender/receiver interface is very simple.
• Please read the papers for details.
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[A,D] + social context
??
B
D
A
C
“A” has to explicitly declare if there is any
social context under this communication activity
with “D”! But, “D” only cares if it is from
“C” or not!
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Just initially, a couple issues …
• How to establish the social route?
– How would “A” know about “D” (or “D’s
identity”) ?
• How to maintain this “reputation network”?
– MessageReaper: A Feed-back Trust Control
System (Spear/Lang/Lu)
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Social Route Discovery for A2D
??
B
D
A
C
Let’s assume A doesn’t have D’s “routable identity”
Or, “D” doesn’t have a global unique identity!
Then, how can we do A2D?
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Finding
??
B
D
A
C
A2D, while D is McDonald’s!
D would like “customers” to find the right route.
“idea: keyword propagation” e.g., “McDonald’s”
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Announcing
B
D
K: “McDonald’s”
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation
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Announcing
B
D
K: “McDonald’s”
K: “McDonald’s”
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation
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Announcing
B
D
K: “McDonald’s”
K: “McDonald’s”
K: “McDonald’s”
A
C
Hop-by-hop keyword propagation
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Discussion Hour
• Wednesday 10:00~10:55a.m.
• 1131 Kemper
• For remote students
– I will set up a remote teleconference #
– Try this as well - 530-752-5712
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Now Finding
Q: McDonald’s
B
D
K: “McDonald’s”
K: “McDonald’s”
K: “McDonald’s”
A
C
Search Keyword: “McDonald’s”
A might know D’s keyword via two channels
(1) Somebody else (2) From its friends
Questions: does D need an identity? Scalable?
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Phishing is default
Application Test
Q: McDonald’s
B
D
K: “McDonald’s”
K: “McDonald’s”
K: “McDonald’s”
A
C
Search Keyword: “McDonald’s”
Questions: is this the right Felix Wu’s?
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Application Tests
• Example 1: credential-oriented
– “PKI certificate” as the keyword
– If you can sign or decrypt the message, you are
the ONE!
• Example 2: service-oriented
– Service/protocol/bandwidth support
• Example 3: offer-oriented
– Please send me your coupons/promotions!
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“Identity”
• Application identity =M=> Network identity
• Network identity =R=> Network identity
• Network identity =M=> Application identity
• Keywords =R=> “Multiple Paths”
• Application identity selection
• Network route selection
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Finding
Application Test
Q: McDonald’s
B
D
K: “McDonald’s”
K: “McDonald’s”
K: “McDonald’s”
A
C
Search Keyword: “McDonald’s”
Questions: is this the right Felix Wu’s?
What is the issue here??
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Scalability - Avoid the Flooding
• As it is, every keyword will need to be
propagated to all the nodes/links (but the
same keyword will be propagated through
the same link once possibly with different
policies).
• The issue: “who should receive my
keywords?”
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Community-Keyword Model
• A Social Peer, P, has three keyword sets:
– Attributes (ATTR)
– Original Keywords (OK)
– Propagating Keywords (PK)
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Community-Keyword Model
• Attributes (ATTR)
– Keywords describing P (the social node)
– Decided/configured by the owner of P
• Original Keywords (OK)
– Keywords announced by P (the social node)
– Decide/configured by the owner of P
– Each keyword is associated with a propagation
policy (decided by the owner of P)
• Propagating Keywords (PK)
– From its own OK and other direct neighbors
– Each keyword is associated with a propagation
policy
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Community-Keyword Model
• Attributes (ATTR)
– Keywords describing P (the social node)
– Decided/configured by the owner of P
• Original Keywords (OK)
– Keywords announced by P (the social node)
– Decide/configured by the owner of P
– Each keyword is associated with a propagation
policy (decided by the owner of P)
• Propagating Keywords (PK)
– From its own OK and other direct neighbors
– Each keyword is associated with a propagation
policy
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Community-Keyword Model
• Attributes (ATTR)
– Keywords describing P (the social node)
– Decided/configured by the owner of P
• Original Keywords (OK)
– Keywords announced by P (the social node)
– Decide/configured by the owner of P
– Each keyword is associated with a propagation
policy (decided by the owner of P)
• Propagating Keywords (PK)
– From its own OK and other direct neighbors
– Each keyword is associated with a propagation
policy
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in Community of Davis
??
B
D
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
“McDonald’s”?
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as the Social Peer
• Attributes:
– {McDonald’s Express, 640 W Covell Blvd, # D,
Davis, (530) 756-8886, Davis Senior High
School, Community Park, North Davis}
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as the Social Peer
• Attributes:
– {McDonald’s Express, 640 W Covell Blvd, # D,
Davis, (530) 756-8886, Davis Senior High School,
Community Park, North Davis}
• Original Keywords:
– {McDonald, Davis, California, DHS, North Davis,
Happy Meal, 50% off Tuesday, Lobster}
• Propagating Keywords:
– {McDonald, Davis, California, DHS, North Davis,
Happy Meal, 50% off Tuesday, Lobster, Anderson
Plaza, Save-Mart, Taqueria Guadalajara}
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“Per-Keyword Policy”
• For each keyword, we will associate it with
a propagation policy: [T, N, A]
– T: Trust Value Threshold
– N: Hop counts left to propagate (-1 each step)
– A: Community Attributes
• Examples:
– [>0.66, 4, “Davis”] K via L1
– [>=0, ,  ] K via L2
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in Community of Davis
??
B
D
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
“McDonald’s”?
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Scalability & Controllability
• McDonald’s doesn’t want to flood the whole
network
– It only wants to multicast to the “Target set”
of customers
• And, it only wants this target set of users
being able to use that particular keyword
to contact.
– Receiver/owner controllability
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Autonomous Community
• Each social entity configures a set of
“attributes” for itself.
• Some or all of the attributes will be
exchange with certain neighbors.
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Social/Community Attributes
??
B
D
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
“McDonald’s”? Answer:
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Relevant Attribute/OK/PK
• ATTR = Davis
• OK = McDonald’s
• PK = McDonald’s
• The owner uses the “policy” to control the
flooding:
– K = McDonald’s
– [T > 0.66, N = 6, ATTR = “Davis”]
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Keyword Propagation
• # of hops left (I.e., TTL)
• Minimum MessageReaper Trust values
• Social/Community Attributes
– Facebook profile keywords
– SecondLife Avatar’s Body language
– Could be something else as well
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IP versus DSL
• IP address prefixes announced by BGP to
ALL the Autonomous Systems in the whole
Internet
– Every IP node can send packets to McDonald’s at
Davis (if we have a unique IP address)
• DSL will only announce “McDonald’s” (under
the control of McDonald’s express) within
the Davis social community
– Only the receivers of the announcement can use
the keyword to contact McDonald’s express!
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Community-Keyword Model
• A Social Peer, P, has three keyword sets:
– Attributes (ATTR)
– Original Keywords (OK)
– Propagating Keywords (PK)
• Flooding Avoidance + Receiver/Owner
Control
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[T >= 0, N =
, ATTR = ] K
• What is the consequence?
– Spam
– Denial of Service


• How to deal with it?
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[T >= 0, N =
, ATTR = ] K
• Limited Resources on PK

– “P” can only remember up to M keywords in its
own PK
 between Ki and Kj
• Ordering Preference

– T(Ki) > T(Kj)
– N(Ki) < N(Kj)

– ATTR(Ki) ATTR(Kj)
• Incentive Model
– P is willing to pay a price
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Potential Problems
• Mostly only local contacts
– Local interests dominate
– Possible resource allocation for different
ATTRs within the same community
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Community
• A connected graph of social nodes sharing
a set of community attributes
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Community
??
B
D
A
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C
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Multiple Social Links
BGP, Davis, California,
Intrusion Detection,…
Soccer, Wine, Bike,
Davis, California,…
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Community Control:
D
C
E
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
“[email protected]”? Answer:
Who should receive the keyword announcement fot
“South Lake Tahoe Tournament”? Answer:
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Community
• A connected graph of social nodes sharing
a set of community attributes
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Community
??
B
D
A
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C
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Social/Community Attributes
??
B
D
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
“McDonald’s”? Answer:
but not ALL
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Community
• A connected graph of social nodes sharing
a set of community attributes
• The community members can decide the
administrative policy within the community
–
–
–
–
–
Membership maintenance
Attribute setting
Keyword propagation policy (e.g., allocation)
Application-dependent policy
Incentive model
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Potential Problems
• Mostly only local contacts
– Local interests dominate
– Possible resource allocation for different
ATTRs within the same community
• “Reachability”
– How likely will my keywords be able to go
through to the community I want?
– I must be a direct friend of the community
– How can we set up “remote long range contact”?
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Community Development
• How will each one of us set up our
Attributes and Original Keywords plus
policy such that together we can
communicate with each other “optimally”?
– A game theoretical setting problem for network
formation
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Community
??
B
D
A
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C
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Network Formation
??
B
D
A
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C
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Network Formation
??
B
D
A
C
What is B’s incentive in adding the new ATTR keyword?
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Network Formation
??
B
D
A
C
If B adds
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, then A will add
Davis Social Links
!
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Network Formation
??
B
D
A
C
Both A & C: why would A & C be willing to establish a direct
friendship?
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Open Issues
• What is the “value” of this social network?
• How would this “value” be distributed and
allocated to each individual peers?
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What is the “value” difference?
B
D
A
C
B
D
A
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C
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“C can join
!“
B
D
A
C
B
D
A
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C
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“A alone can help C to join more
communities!“
B
D
A
C
B
D
A
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C
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Value Allocation for
B
D
A
C
B
D
A
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B?
C
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Open Issues
• What is the “value” of this social network?
• How would this “value” be distributed and
allocated to each individual peers?
• DSL, Facebook, LinkedIn didn’t define the
“game” for network formation and value
allocation.
– But, it is important to design the game such
that the OSN will eventually converge to a
state to best support the communities.
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Let’s come back to SPAM!
• How will the proposed DSL model handle
spam?
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[email protected] +
??
B
D
K: “wu@…” + Policy
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
“[email protected]”? Answer:
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Even if “A” claims
??
B
D
K: “wu@…”
A
C
Who should receive the keyword announcement for
“[email protected]”? Answer:
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“B” can help…
??
B
D
K: “wu@…”
A
C
What is B’s incentive? What is B’s risk?
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Message Value & Prioritization
Link Ranks
Reputation
Incentives
Other Trust Metrics
Application IDS
[good, bad] messages
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MessageReaper vs. Spams
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MessageReaper vs. Freeloaders
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MessageReaper
• A Feedback Control Trust/Reputation
system
– P2P and decentralized
• Collusive Attacks
– Still needs more works
– But, under our social network, it might not be
easy for the attackers to obtain the right
social spots to attack us. (can we formally argue
that?)
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Collusive Attacks
B
D
A
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C
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Robustness as OSN “Value”
B
D
A
C
B
D
A
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C
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Community-Oriented Networking
• DSL offers a way to dynamically identify
and establish social communities
– But, we still have a lot of open issues
• Facebook:
– Networks: email address dependent
– Groups: you have to use your existing social
network to invite.
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Davis Social Links over Facebook
Smart Proxy
• Overlay Social Graph
• User-defined keywords
and attributes
• DSL server
• Trust Routing Protocol
DSL
Facebook
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Sub-communities
• Social Graph
• User-defined keywords
and attributes
• DSL server
• Trust Routing Protocol
DSL
Facebook
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Social Network Development
• Social Graph
• User-defined keywords
and attributes
• DSL server
• Trust Routing Protocol
DSL
Facebook
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Component Interactions
Attributes
Keywords & Policies
DSL
Profiles
Social Graph,
Keywords
Facebook
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Route Discovery & Messaging
Sender
Recipient
Keywords,
Message
Optimal
routes
DSL
Keywords,
Message
Previous Interaction
Outcomes, Shortest Paths
Basic Algorithm
MessageReaper
•Identify destination nodes
•Determine Optimal paths
•Remove paths that violate
keyword policies
•If there is a path, store
message for recipient
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Antispam email/IM
UCD Network
Keyword Policy:
All UCD Members get keyword
‘[email protected]’
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Projects
• Applying the concept of “Smart Proxy”
• Can you build another OSN application
(Facebook or Orkut) to enhance the
communication features?
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“Bypassing” Facebook
• When you send a
message…
– Via Facebook
– Via DSL
• Activity and Intensity
hiding via
Decentralization!
DSL
Facebook
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Projects
• Applying the concept of “Smart Proxy”
• Can you build another OSN application
(Facebook or Orkut) to enhance the
communication features?
• Social Network’s business model
– Should Facebook/Orkut/MySpace worry about
“Smart Proxy”? Can they do something about it?
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ADSL (Avatar-based DSL)
??
B
D
K: “wu@…” + Policy
A
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C
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ADSL (Avatar-based DSL)
B
D
K: “fli@…” + Policy
A
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C
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SecondLife’s problems
• It’s a virtual society but the trust model is
unclear.
– It is much easier to hide and fake (and, BTW,
that is not necessarily always a bad thing).
• What would be the impact to our first-life
society?
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Project Ideas for ADSL
• Security and Trust in SecondLife
– Trust-value control View Plane
– Body language analysis
• Communication Infrastructure within
SecondLife!
• Virtual Social Reality -- how far should we
go?
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SecondLife
• No communication infrastructure
• No/minimum pre-exist social trust
– How do we recover such information? (And,
should we?)
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DSL vs. Google
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“Google”
• It’s about the “content”
– Data-centric networking.
• Input to the Engine
– A set of key words characterizing the target
document.
• Output
– A set of documents/links matching the
keywords
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“DSL”
• It’s also about the “content”
– Application will decide the mechanism to
further the communication.
• Input to the Decentralized Engine
– A set of key words characterizing the target
document (plus the aggregation keywords).
• Output
– A set of DSL entities with the DSP (Davis
Social Path pointer) matching the keywords
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DSL Search Engine
Receiver or
Content
Sender or
Reader
DSL Social World
We are not just connecting the IP addresses!
We are connecting all the contents that can be interpreted!
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Google vs. DSL
• Google is essentially a “routing” framework
between the contents and their potential
consumers.
• Google decides how to extract the “key
words” from your (the owner) web page or
document.
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Google vs. DSL
• Google is essentially a “routing” framework
between the contents and their potential
consumers.
• Google decides how to extract the “key
words” from your (the owner) web page or
document.
• A DSL “owner/receiver to be” has the
complete control over that. A balance
between:
– How I would like others to know about me?
• And, I might want different folks to know me in
different ways!
– How I can differentiate myself from other Felix
03/14/2008 Wu?
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DSL is an old idea!
A
B
We, as human, have been using similar
communication principles. Maybe it is a
good opportunity to re-think about our
cyber communication system.
Identity is a per-application, contextoriented, and sometime relative issue.
Forming cyber communities of interests for
application.
A
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F
F
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B
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DSL is still an old idea!
A
B
Many applications already have “social
network like” structure to enable P2P
sharing across Internet.
e.g., media sharing, on-line game,
restaurant recommendation,…
Should we push these into a generic Social
Network layer-3 to support all the
applications?
A
03/14/2008
F
F
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F
B
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A Different Internet?!
• Current Internet: every IP address will be
able to communicate with every other IP
address!
– Allow by Default
• DSL-based “Internet”: we have a large
number of “pairs” (two entities and their
corresponding direct social link)
– Deny by Default
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Comparison
• IP/email:
– Convergence to an absolute consistent state
– IP/email addresses are all you need, but the
controllability is biased toward the sender
• DSL:
– Convergence to a relative consistent state
– No global network identity. Every DSL entity
defines its own relative identity based on origin
keywords.
– Controllability is more balanced with other
application challenges.
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Spam on DSL
• Still needs much more evaluation on how
the spammer can exploit the DSL
framework.
• But, maybe some spammers will no longer
spam economically!
– Social network will give the merchants much
better channels to send their advertisements!
– Using spam to deliver product information over
DSL might seriously hurt the sales on the social
channels.
– Still there will still be some global spam
activities.
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Social/Community Attributes
• Limit the spread of keywords
• Establish the “social trust boundary”
– Community-oriented Networking
– Identity became “community-oriented”
• Receiver controllability
• Incentive model for attribute selections
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Autonomous Community
• Communities as the unit for administration,
policy, aggregation, AC key words,
incentive, trust and reputation.
• initialization, split, join, termination
• Inter-AC activities
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Autonomous Community
• Initiator
– Pick the community key words
– Discover/maintain community members
•
•
•
•
DSL route discovery
Open versus close community
Membership social recommendation
Reputation and trust
• Intra-Community DSL
– Overlay: DSL over DSL
• Inter-Community DSL
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AC Key Word Propagation
• Key words: which communities to announce?
• Initially, every DSL peer is, by itself, a
community.
– How would two peers merge into one single
community?
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Internet
• Basic datagram service between one IP
address and another
• Routing: exchanging the information
regarding the address space and how to
reach them.
• “Allow by Default”
• Applications built on top of the services
– MySpace/Facebook/Orkut, SecondLife,
LiveJournal, LinkedIn, Wikipedia, Skype,
Google, Bittorrent, LimeWire, Youtube,
IM,…
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IP
• IP address is all we need to communicate
and everything else is on top of IP.
• IP is global “routable” identity
• However, too simple to be perfect?!
– Can we remove the need for global routable
identities?
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Easy to Send & Receive
• Easy for both the good users and the
spammers. (fair simplicity)
• The spammers abuse the “sending” right,
while the good users have very limited
options to counter back.
– how easy can we change our email address?
– how often do we need to do that?
• A “receiver” or “the owner of the
identity” should have some control.
– But, that means also “burden” to the users.
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Easy to Send & Receive
• Easy for both the good users and the
spammers. (fair simplicity)
• The spammers abuse the “sending”
right, while the good users have very
limited options to counter back.
– how easy can we change our email address?
– how often do we need to do that?
• A “receiver” or “the owner of the
identity” should have some control.
– But, that means also “burden” to the users.
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What is the right trade-off?
• Ease of use
• User Control
• Still an open issue
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Identifier & Keyword
• Under DSL, each peer has its own decision or
policy regarding what “social keywords” to
announce, and it can change the announcement
itself any time.
• NO global unique network-wide identifier
– No unique IP address or email address in the
“network” layer
– Identity only in the application layer
• Relative Peering relationship only
– Local “link” identity
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Privacy and Accountability
• No single intermediate node will have the
knowledge, at least in the network layer,
about “who is talking to who on what”.
– In DSL, no global identifier.
• However, the messages themselves contain
sufficient information to trace back toward
the “social path”, if necessary and nodes are
collaborative.
– BTW, this (tracing on a per packet/email basis) is
impossible for today’s Internet, even for “route
path”.
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A “Relative” Identity under DSL
• “Key words” plus one DSL path
– Why will this be sufficient for
communication?
– Especially, when even the DSL
information itself is decentralized?
(I.e., in general, no one single DSL
router knows the complete DSL path.)
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Davis Social Links
• Peer-to-Peer System (P2P)
– How human socially communicate?
• Online Social Network (OSN)
– How to utilize OSN to enhance communication?
– How to have a securer OSN?
• Autonomous Community (AC)
– How to build/develop more effective
community-based social networks?
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ecs289m: Looking ahead…
• Social network models and analysis
• Social network development and impact
• Social network architectures, systems,
applications
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