Transcript File

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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Organization of Talk
What is Mobile Commerce
Requirements of Mobile Commerce
Mobile Commerce framework
Challenges in Mobile Commerce
Enabling Technologies: Mobile Commerce
Some of the existing Applications of Mobile Commerce
Mobile Payments
Security in Mobile Commerce
Pros and Cons of Mobile Commerce
Conclusion
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
What is Mobile Commerce
Mobile commerce is a natural result of combining two strongly emerging
trends: electronic commerce and pervasive computing.
Internet + Wireless + E-Business = M-Business
Going online anywhere at anytime and using multiple devices
New business opportunities
M-Commerce represents another wave of the e-commerce invasion that is
changing the nature of business in the 21st century.
"Mobile Commerce is the use of information technologies and communication
technologies for the purpose of mobile integration of different value chains
an business processes, and for the purpose of management of business
relationships.”
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Fixed Vs Mobile Commerce
Check
Bank
Balance
WAP Server
Multilingual
Content
Database
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Check
Stock
Price
Purchase
Stock
Web Server
Customer
Database
Product
Database
Thursday, September 13, 2012
Characteristics of M-Commerce
Ubiquitous computing
Anywhere, anytime
Convenient, instant connectivity
Very personal
Device owner has an exclusive access to the contents/services
Service providers know who the owner is
Varied users, usage contexts
Elementary school students, grandpas, grandmas
Location & context-sensitive applications and services
Ambidextrous
Work & Play: Business purpose + Personal fun
People seem willing to pay for mobile services
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Requirements for M-Commerce
Hardware technologies for ubiquitous computing
Software infrastructure for ubiquitous computing
Sensing and interaction with the physical world
Graceful integration of human users
Systems considerations, including scalability, security, and privacy.
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M-Commerce Framework
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
M-Commerce Framework Cont..
* This
framework has four levels: m-commerce applications, user
infrastructure, middleware and network infrastructure which
simplifies the design and development.
* By
following this framework a single entity is not forced to do
everything to build m-commerce systems, rather they can build on
the functionalities provided by others.
* The
framework also provides a developer and provider plane to
address the different needs and roles of application developers,
content providers and service providers.
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Technological Challenges of M-Commerce
Security
( Peace of Mind)
Personalized
Services
Usability
( Consistent and
Reliable Interface)
Pervasive &
Flexible Payment
( Pay for any service
Using Mobile)
Intelligent
Services
( Smart about you,
your location )
Consultation
Capabilities
( Phone a Friend )
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Technological Challenges of M-Commerce (cont’d)
Usability
Intelligent and Personalized Services
It is useful to determine what the mobile industry considers a service (a set
of functions offered to a user by an organization)
Personalized services have access to important user information that
enables them to tailor their operation to the needs of the served user.
Examples include speed dialing using personal contact lists or address book
Pervasive and Flexible Payment Mechanisms
It may be possible to replace credit-cards and paper money by making
mobile phones act as electronic wallets.
User’s credit-card details may be stored on the phone or on the user’s
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card.
“Access Tokens” are assigned when subscribing to a service or requesting to
buy an item.
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Technological Challenges of M-Commerce (cont’d)
Security
Authentication “is a property by which the correct identity of an entity or
party is established with a required assurance.”
Consultation Capabilities
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) should be the biggest enabler of these
kinds of services.
These features should enable consultation sessions to be established where
a potential customer is taken through the features of a product by an expert
using a multimedia presentation and/or a website.
Computing Environment
Infantile:
The area is in its infancy and needs lot of coordination between the
industries and institutions to bring out a common standard for resolving
the issues of pervasive computing .
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Technological Challenges of M-Commerce (cont’d)
User input (voice, text, gestures) ;
Human computer interaction technology should be developed for voice
recognition, gesture recognition and natural language processing of the
text.
Context aware systems:
The smart devices software and hardware architectures should be
scalable, and secured to handle context aware operations, which may
involve communication between diverse users and components.
IPv4:
A bridging support should be developed for embedded devices to
communicate through Internet.
Anonymity:
The devices should allow others devices to track its operation and
communicate among a group of components and users in a secured
manner.
Ubiquity:
The devices should be capable of
12 ubiquitous computing.Thursday, September 13, 2012
Enabling Technologies: Mobile Commerce
Wireless development
First-generation wireless technology was the cellular phone
Second generation wireless technology, which includes digital cellular
phones, is currently in use worldwide
Third generation, or 3G technology will enable wireless devices to send and
receive data as much as seven times faster than a standard 56K modem
(0.4M ~ 2Mbps)
Fourth generation, networks designed to uninterrupted high speed data
transfer
Wireless devices
Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
Digital cellular phones
Two-way pagers, laptops…
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Enabling Technologies: Mobile Commerce (cont’d)
Clear trend for the convergence of several mobile devices including
intelligent home appliances
PDA phone: PDA + Cell phone
Phones with MP3 player, voice recorder, digital camera, GPS
Wireless control of refrigerator,
TV, DVD through a cell phone
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Enabling Technologies: Mobile Commerce (cont’d)
Mobile Communications
GSM
GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile telephone system
that is widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of
time division multiple access (TDMA).
GPRS
General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) is a packet-based wireless communication
service in GSM
CDMA
CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single
transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth.
Mobile-IP
Mobile IP is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard communications
protocol that is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to
another while maintaining their permanent IP address.
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Hardware / Software Tools
Tools supporting development of Devices in Mobile Commerce
Application-Specific Integrated Circuitry (ASIC)
Speech recognition
Gesture recognition
System on a Chip (SoC)
Perceptive interfaces
Smart matter
Field Programmable Logic Gates (FPLG)
Flexible transistors
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS).
Reconfigurable processors
Object Technology is playing a major part in shaping pervasive computing
paradigm.
Java, C++ and XML are often used for implementation at the server side, and
in the meantime as well as on the pervasive device.
The Open Services Gateway initiative (OSGi) will play a key role in operating
pervasive devices.
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
M-Commerce benefits can be seen in :
Banking
Financial services
Security services
Shopping
Advertising
Entertainment
Customer care
Information provision
Adhoc auction, where a particular user advertises the availability of a
particular commodity, and invites bids.
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Applications of M-Commerce
Mobile Financial
Applications (B2C, B2B)
Banking, brokerage, and payments for
mobile users
Mobile Advertising (B2C)
Sending user specific and location
sensitive advertisements
Mobile Inventory
Management (B2C, B2B)
Location tracking of goods, boxes,
People
Proactive Service
Management (B2C, B2B)
Transmission of information
related to aging components to
Vendors
Product Locating and
Shopping (B2C, B2B)
Locating/ordering certain items
from a mobile device
Mobile Auction (B2C, B2B)
Services for customers to buy/sell
certain items
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Applications of M-Commerce (Cont’d)
Mobile Booking and Ticketing
(B2C, B2B)
Services allowing customers to book,
tickets for travel, hotel and events
Mobile Marketing Research (B2C)
Obtaining instant feedback from
customers
Mobile CRM, Customer Support
(B2C, B2B)
Customer acquisition and retention by
providing truly personalized content
Mobile Entertainment Service
(B2C)
VOD, MOD, gambling, interactive games
and other services
Mobile Distance Education
(B2C, B2B)
Taking classes, training courses using
streaming video and audio
Wireless Business Re-engineering
(B2C, B2B)
Information up/downloading by mobile
users (e.g. adjusters in an insurance
company.
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Popular Mobile Commerce Applications tools
* Google
* Apple
* Android
* Apple store
* Google Android Market
* The App Store is a digital
application distribution platform
for iOS developed and
maintained by Apple.
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Location aware Applications
Ubiquitous interactivity
Personal device: always handy and available at all times on a person
User identity: The device carries its user identity; distinctly personal and
the usage can be tracked down to an individual rather than households
(e.g., PC)
Location aware
Easy to track down where the user physically is as long as the wireless
device is on (using GPS)
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Location aware Applications (cont’d)
Vehicle tracking
Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL): Using GPS device installed in a vehicle,
finds the location of a vehicle
Can be used for rapidly dispatching taxis, ambulances, police vehicles,
trucks
Can be used for navigating and optimal routing in unfamiliar geographical
areas or heavy traffic
Can also be used for tracking cargo, delivery, baggage, giving customers
more accurate info
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Location aware Applications (cont’d)
GPS Satellites
Mobile GPS
Unit
Communication
Networks
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Base Station
Thursday, September 13, 2012
Location based services using maps
Find
Location
Geocoding
Visualize
Mapping
Directions
Routing
Intelligence
Content
Enhance Billing
Personalized Portals
Friend Finder
Emergency Assistance
Find nearest service
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Mobile Applications in Finance
To be one of the most important components of mobile commerce
Other applications like
Mobile banking, trading, brokerage, money transfer
Easy identification and authentication both for restricted access and
for payment purposes
Small purchases such as vending through a wireless network
PAID
$ 200
Ok
Clear
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You have paid
$200
Thank You
Options
Thursday, September 13, 2012
Payment via Internet Payment Provider
WAP
GW/Proxy
Browsing (negotiation)
Merchant
User
GSM Security
SSL tunnel
SMS-C
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Thursday, CC/Bank
September 13, 2012
Payment via Internet Payment Provider
WAP
GW/Proxy
Browsing (negotiation)
Merchant
MeP
User
GSM Security
SSL tunnel
SMS-C
IPP
Mobile Wallet
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Thursday, CC/Bank
September 13, 2012
Mobile services using Multimedia
One of the most prominent area
Other applications like
Video-on-demand (VOD), MP3, ring tone, horoscope, fortune-telling,
interactive games, news etc.,
Required Technology
Mobile devices with multimedia capabilities
High bandwidth wireless networks
Video compression techniques
Continuous connectivity
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Research Issues in M-Commerce
A secure environment is required, with the establishment of a system of
electronic signatures.
The development and use of signature and authentication products and
services is still in its introductory stage
General security requirements to achieve interoperability between
entities involved in the mobile signature architecture
Middleware issues on the devices
Human Computing Interaction issues
Gateways and infrastructure issues
Location-based services
Transactions Model
Database management
QoS management
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Security in M-Commerce Environment
CA
SAT GW
(SIM)
WAP1.1(+SIM where avail.)
WAP1.2(WIM)
Mobile Bank
Content
Aggregation
Mobile IP
Service
ProviderN
etwork
Mobile
Network
Internet
Merchant
WAP GW
Mobile e-Commerce
Server
Bank (FI)
Security and
Payment
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Operator centric model
Thursday, September 13, 2012
Security & Risks in M-Commerce
• Abuse of cooperative nature of ad-hoc networks
• An adversary that compromises one node can
disseminate false routing information.
• Malicious domains
• A single malicious domain can compromise
devices by downloading malicious code
• Roaming (are you going to the bad guys ?)
• Users roam among non-trustworthy domains
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Security & Risks in M-Commerce (cont’d)
• Launching attacks from mobile devices
• With mobility, it is difficult to identify attackers
• Loss or theft of device
• More private information than desktop computers
• Security keys might have been saved on the device
• Access to corporate systems
• Bluetooth provides security at the lower layers only: a
stolen device can still be trusted
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Security & Risks in M-Commerce (cont’d)
Problems with Wireless Transport Layer Security
(WTLS) protocol
• Security Classes:
• No certificates
• Server only certificate (Most Common)
• Server and client Certificates
• Re-establishing connection without re-authentication
• Requests can be redirected to malicious sites
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Pros and Cons of Mobile Commerce
Desktop / PC
 Greater Processing, multimedia
and display capabilities of PCs
 Greater presentation facilities
makes the PC more applicable
to larger purchases
 Online product browsing
 Personalized Advertising
 Convenience for a
technologically aware user.
 Choice of many online stores
for a wide range of items
discount Notifications.
E-Commerce
 Dialup hassles
 Less possibility of impulse
spending
Mobile Phone / PDA
 Location based advertising
 Greater Convenience
 Capture of buying impulses
 Alternative payment mechanism
e.g. Phone Bill
 Supports new mobile services
M-Commerce
 Distrust of technology, resistance
to change
 Fears about security online
transactions
 Bad design of many user interfaces
 Slow connections if broadband
access not available
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 Smaller screen size can degrade
user experience
 Small or immature input technologies
 Market may be less open than
e-commerce market
 Tariffs are relatively high
Thursday, September 13, 2012
Pros and Cons of Mobile Commerce (cont’d)
User point of view
Advantages :
Anytime, anywhere access to commerce services;
Disadvantages :
Small size of mobile device screens and their relatively limited
multimedia Capabilities
Relatively high costs of mobile services/ Tariffs for data
transmission over public mobile networks
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Pros and Cons of Mobile Commerce (cont’d)
Network Operator point of view
Advantages :
Huge numbers of predicted users - 650 Million 3G wireless users by
2010
Control users’ access
access
service providers and service providers’
users.
Disadvantages :
Must increasingly ‘open up’ their network services and information to
external service providers if they are to provide a wide range of
commerce services.
concerned about losing control of their networks and the value that
they generate.
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Pros and Cons of Mobile Commerce (cont’d)
Service Provider point of view
Advantages :
Information about user location means that advertisements can be
location-aware
Completely new services can be created, statically or dynamically,
based on convergence of information standards and communications
networks.
Disadvantages :
• Future mobile networks are likely to be more ‘closed’ than the public
internet as network operators seek to encourage and/or limit
network users to choosing ‘preferred’ Service Providers.
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Thursday, September 13, 2012
Conclusion
The core of m-commerce is the use of a terminal (telephone, PDA, PC
device) and public mobile network to access information and conduct
transactions that result in the transfer of value in exchange for
information, services or goods. Mobile Commerce refers to any transaction
with monetary value that is conducted via a mobile telecommunications
network.
M-Commerce will be at least as successful as e-commerce if the underlying
technology and standards accentuate the advantages and minimize the
disadvantages.
Consistent and pervasive access to services across varied wireless
networking topologies will be a key factor in the success of mobile
commerce.
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