Transcript Computer Technology

Computer Technology
Flash Cards
M. Guymon – Pleasant Grove High – Spring 2004
1
Data, Hardware, Mouse,
Network, Storage
An input device that allows the user to manipulate
objects on the screen by moving the mouse along
the surface of a desk.
Refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects,
or ideas.
Includes the electronic and mechanical devices that
process the data; refers to the computer as well
as peripheral devices.
Two or more computers and other devices that are
connected, for the purpose of sharing data and
programs.
Area of the computer that holds data on a
permanent basis when it is not immediately
needed for processing.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
2
Input, Keyboard, Memory,
Peripheral Devices, System Unit
Used to expand the computer’s input, output and
storage capabilities.
An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special
function keys that act as the primary input device to
the computer.
Whatever is put into a computer system.
Case that holds the power supply, storage devices, and
the circuit boards (including the motherboard).
Area of the computer that temporarily holds data
waiting to be processed, stored, or output.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
3
Computer, Information, Processing,
Software, Sound Card
Manipulation of the data in many ways.
The results of the computer storing data as bits and
bytes; the words, numbers, sounds, and graphics.
A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to accept audio
input, play sound files, and produce audio output through
speakers or headphones.
A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data,
and produces output, all according to a series of
stored instructions.
A computer program that tells the computer how to
perform particular tasks.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
4
Circuits, Gigabyte, RAM,
Silicon Chips, Storage Devices
Storage Devices
Used to keep data when the power to the computer is
turned off.
Gigabyte
Approximately 1 billion bytes.
Circuits
The path from one component of a computer to another
that data uses to travel.
RAM
Silicon Chips
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
The ability of a storage device to go directly to a
specific storage location without having to search
sequentially from a beginning location.
Melted sand; what the circuits are embedded into to
keep them together.
5
Bit, Boot Process, Kilobyte,
Pentium, ROM
Kilobyte
Approximately 1,000 bytes.
Boot Process
Sequence of events that occurs between the time you
turn on a computer and the time that it becomes
ready to accept commands.
Pentium
Bit
ROM
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
Name of the CPU; 5th generation of the Intel processor.
Each 0 or 1.
Drives can read data from disks, but cannot store new
data on them.
6
Binary Numbers, Byte, Megabyte,
Megahertz, Terabyte
Terabyte
Binary Numbers
Approximately 1 trillion bytes.
A method for representing
numbers using only two digits,
0 and 1.
Meghertz
A measurement used to describe the speed
of the system clock.
Megabyte
Approximately 1 million bytes.
Byte
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
8 bits.
7
CPU, Mainframe, Printer, Storage
Devices, Work Station
CPU
Storage Devices
Where the processing in a computer takes place, often
called the brain of the computer.
Used to keep data when the power to the computer is
turned off.
Workstation
Powerful desktop computer designed for specialized
tasks.
Printer
Output device that produces text or graphical images on
paper.
Mainframe
Large expensive computer capable of simultaneously
processing data for hundreds or thousands of users.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
8
Input Devices, Laptop Computer,
Microcomputer, Monitor, Output Devices
Input Devices
Monitor
Units that gather information and transform that
information into a series of electronic signals for the
computer.
Display device that forms an image by converting
electrical signals from the computer into points of
colored light on the screen.
Output Devices
Devices that display, print, or transmit the results of
processing from the computer’s memory.
Laptop Computer
A portable, compact computer that can run on an
electrical wall outlet or a battery unit.
Microcomputer
A personal computer; designed to meet the computer
needs of an individual
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
9
Desktop Computer, Handheld, Modem,
Server, Supercomputer
Desktop Computer
Microcomputer that fits on a desk and runs on power
from a wall outlet
Modem
Device that sends and receives data to and from
computers over telephone lines.
Supercomputer
A computer that was the fastest in the world at the time
it was constructed.
Server
A computer that has the purpose of supplying its users
with data; usually through the use of a LAN (local
area network).
Handheld
A computer that fits into a pocket, runs on batteries, and
is used while holding the unit in your hand.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
10
CD-Rom, Folders, Hard Disk,
Platform, Resolution
Hard Disk
Usually mounted inside the computer’s system unit and
can store billions of characters of data.
Platform
Underlying hardware and software of the computer
system.
Folders
The subdirectory or subdivision, of a directory that can
contain files or other folders.
Resolution
The density of the grid used to display or print text and
graphics; the greater the horizontal and vertical
density, the higher the resolution.
CD-Rom
Storage device that uses laser technology to read data
that is permanently stored on compact disks, cannot
be used to write data to a disk.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
11
Application Software, Floppy disk, Magnetic
Storage, Multi-tasking, Program
Program
Set of detailed, step-by-step instructions that tell a
computer how to solve a problem or carry out a
task.
Application Software
Set of computer programs that help a person carry out a
task.
Multi-tasking
Running more than one program at a time or making sure that the
instructions and data from one area of memory don’t interfere
with memory allocated for other programs.
Floppy Disk
Round piece of flexible Mylar plastic covered with a
thin layer of magnetic oxide and sealed inside a
protective covering.
Magnetic Storage
Recording of data onto disks or tape by magnetizing
particles of an oxide based surface coating.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
12
Digital Audio Tape, File, GUI,
Operating System, Optical Storage
Digital Audio Tape
Method of storing large amounts of data on tape using
helical scan technology to write data at high
densities across the tape at an angle.
Optical Storage
Means of recording data as light and dark spots on CD
or DVD with the use of a low-power laser light.
Operating System
Master controller for all activities that take place within
a computer; primary purpose is to help the computer
system monitor itself in order to function efficiently.
GUI
A type of user interface that features on-screen objects,
such as menus and icons, manipulated by a mouse.
File
A named collection of data that exists on a storage
medium.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
13
Information, Keyboard, Monitor,
ROM, Silicon Chips,
Keyboard
An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special
function keys that act as the primary input device to
the computer.
Silicon
Melted sand; what the circuits are embedded into to
keep them together.
Monitor
Display device that forms an image by converting
electrical signals from the computer into points of
colored light on the screen
Information
The results of the computer storing data as bits and
bytes; the words, numbers, sounds, and graphics.
ROM
Drives can read data from disks, but cannot store new
data on them.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
14
CD-Rom, Floppy Disk, Mainframe,
Output devices, Storage
Mainframe
Large expensive computer capable of simultaneously
processing data for hundreds or thousands of users.
Output Devices
Devices that display, print, or transmit the results of
processing from the computer’s memory.
CD-ROM
Storage device that uses laser technology to read data
that is permanently stored on compact disks, cannot
be used to write data to a disk.
Storage
Area of the computer that holds data on a permanent
basis when it is not immediately needed for
processing.
Floppy Disk
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
Round piece of flexible Mylar plastic covered with a
thin layer of magnetic oxide and sealed inside a
protective covering.
15
File, Memory, Mouse,
Program, Server
An input device that allows the user to manipulate
objects on the screen by moving the mouse along
the surface of a desk.
Area of the computer that temporarily holds data
waiting to be processed, stored, or output.
A computer that has the purpose of supplying its users
with data; usually through the use of a LAN (local
area network).
A named collection of data that exists on a storage
medium.
Set of detailed, step-by-step instructions that tell a
computer how to solve a problem or carry out a
task.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
16
Byte, Computer, Printer,
Operating System, Resolution
A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data,
and produces output, all according to a series of
stored instructions.
8 bits.
The density of the grid used to display or print text and
graphics; the greater the horizontal and vertical
density, the higher the resolution.
Master controller for all activities that take place within a
computer; primary purpose is to help the computer system
monitor itself in order to function efficiently.
Output device that produces text or graphical images on
paper.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
17
Client, IP Address, LAN,
Network, WAN
Computer network that is located within a limited
geographical area, such as a school or small
business
Two or more computers and other devices that are
connected, for the purpose of sharing data and
programs.
Refers to the software on a computer that allows the
user to access the server
Interconnected group of computers and peripherals that
cover a large geographical area, such as multiple
buildings
A unique identifying number assigned to each computer
connected to the internet
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
18
Acceptable Use Policies, Copyright, EMail, Ethics, Software Licenses
The rules or standards governing the conduct of a
person or the members of a profession
A form of legal protection that grants certain exclusive
rights to the author of a program
Sending an electronic message to another person or to a
group of people
Used to protect a network and the users on that network
and provide guidelines to how a network can and
should be used
A legal contract that defines the ways in which you may
use a computer program
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
19
Circuits, Folders, Hard Disk, Input,
Sound Card
Whatever is put into a computer system.
The subdirectory or subdivision, of a directory that can
contain files or other folders.
A circuit board that gives the computer the ability to
accept audio input, play sound files, and produce audio
output through speakers or headphones.
Usually mounted inside the computer’s system unit and
can store billions of characters of data.
The path from one component of a computer to another
that data uses to travel.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
20
CPU, Data, Megahertz,
Pentium, Software
A computer program that tells the computer how to
perform particular tasks.
Name of the CPU; 5th generation of the Intel processor.
A measurement used to describe the speed of the
system clock.
Refers to the symbols that represent facts, objects, or
ideas.
Where the processing in a computer takes place, often
called the brain of the computer.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
21
Computer Virus, File Virus, Logic Bomb,
Time Bomb, Trojan Horse
Set of program instructions that attaches itself to a file,
reproduces itself, and/or spreads to other files
Watches for the PC clock to reach a certain date to
activate the virus
Computer program that seems to perform one function
while actually doing something else
Watches for a specific set of input to activate the virus
Virus that attaches to an application program
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
22
Boot Sector Virus, E-Mail,
LAN, Macro Virus, Worm
Infects the system files that your computer uses every
time it is turned on
Software program designed to enter a computer system
usually through a network, through security holes
and then replicate itself
Computer network that is located within a limited
geographical area, such as a school or small
business
A virus that affects a miniature program that usually
contains legitimate instructions to automate a
document or task
Sending an electronic message to another person or to a
group of people
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
23
Application Software, Gigabyte, GUI,
Hardware, Modem
Set of computer programs that help a person carry out a
task.
A type of user interface that features on-screen objects,
such as menus and icons, manipulated by a mouse.
Includes the electronic and mechanical devices that
process the data; refers to the computer as well as
peripheral devices.
Approximately 1 billion bytes.
Device that sends and receives data to and from
computers over telephone lines.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
24
Bit, Copyright, Laptop Computer,
RAM, System Unit
The ability of a storage device to go directly to a
specific storage location without having to search
sequentially from a beginning location.
Case that holds the power supply, storage devices, and
the circuit boards (including the motherboard).
Each 0 or 1.
A form of legal protection that grants certain exclusive
rights to the author of a program
A portable, compact computer that can run on an
electrical wall outlet or a battery unit.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
25
Kilobyte, Magnetic Storage, Peripheral Devices,
Time Bomb, Workstation
Recording of data onto disks or tape by magnetizing
particles of an oxide based surface coating.
Approximately 1,000 bytes.
Powerful desktop computer designed for specialized
tasks.
Watches for the PC clock to reach a certain date to
activate the virus
Used to expand the computer’s input, output and
storage capabilities.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
26
Computer Virus, Optical Storage,
Processing, Terabyte, WAN
Approximately 1 trillion bytes.
Manipulation of the data in many ways.
Interconnected group of computers and peripherals that
cover a large geographical area, such as multiple
buildings
Means of recording data as light and dark spots on CD
or DVD with the use of a low-power laser light.
Set of program instructions that attaches itself to a file,
reproduces itself, and/or spreads to other files
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
27
Boot Sector Virus, Handheld, Input Devices, IP
Address, Software Licenses
Infects the system files that your computer uses every
time it is turned on
A computer that fits into a pocket, runs on batteries, and
is used while holding the unit in your hand.
A unique identifying number assigned to each computer
connected to the internet
A legal contract that defines the ways in which you may
use a computer program
Units that gather information and transform that
information it into a series of electronic signals for
the computer.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
28
Binary Numbers, Boot Process, Client,
File Virus, Logic Bomb
Watches for a specific set of input to activate the virus
Sequence of events that occurs between the time you
turn on a computer and the time that it becomes
ready to accept commands.
Refers to the software on a computer that allows the
user to access the server
Virus that attaches to an application program
A method for representing numbers using only two
digits, 0 and 1.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
29
Desktop Computer, Digital Audio Tape, Ethics,
Macro Virus, Megabyte
Method of storing large amounts of data on tape using
helical scan technology to write data at high
densities across the tape at an angle.
Approximately 1 million bytes.
A virus that affects a miniature program that usually
contains legitimate instructions to automate a
document or task
Microcomputer that fits on a desk and runs on power
from a wall outlet
The rules or standards governing the conduct of a
person or the members of a profession
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
30
Acceptable Use Policies, Magnetic Storage,
Microcomputer, Platform, Worm
A personal computer; designed to meet the computer
needs of an individual
Used to protect a network and the users on that network
and provide guidelines to how a network can and
should be used
Software program designed to enter a computer system
usually through a network, through security holes
and then replicate itself
Underlying hardware and software of the computer
system.
Recording of data onto disks or tape by magnetizing
particles of an oxide based surface coating.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
31
Ethics, Hardware, Mainframe,
Supercomputer, Trojan Horse
A computer that was the fastest in the world at the time
it was constructed.
Computer program that seems to perform one function
while actually doing something else
Includes the electronic and mechanical devices that
process the data; refers to the computer as well as
peripheral devices.
The rules or standards governing the conduct of a
person or the members of a profession
Large expensive computer capable of simultaneously
processing data for hundreds or thousands of users.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
32
Computer Virus, File, Printer, ROM,
Software
A named collection of data that exists on a storage
medium.
A computer program that tells the computer how to
perform particular tasks.
Set of program instructions that attaches itself to a file,
reproduces itself, and/or spreads to other files
Drives can read data from disks, but cannot store new
data on them.
Output device that produces text or graphical images on
paper.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
33
Acceptable Use Policies, Binary Numbers,
Keyboard, Program, Worm
Set of detailed, step-by-step instructions that tell a
computer how to solve a problem or carry out a
task.
An arrangement of letters, numbers, and special
function keys that act as the primary input device to
the computer.
Software program designed to enter a computer system
usually through a network, through security holes
and then replicate itself
A method for representing numbers using only two
digits, 0 and 1.
Used to protect a network and the users on that network
and provide guidelines to how a network can and
should be used
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
34
Folders, Hard Disk, Network, ROM,
Trojan Horse
Drives can read data from disks, but cannot store new
data on them.
Two or more computers and other devices that are
connected, for the purpose of sharing data and
programs.
Usually mounted inside the computer’s system unit and
can store billions of characters of data.
Computer program that seems to perform one function
while actually doing something else
The subdirectory or subdivision, of a directory that can
contain files or other folders.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
35
E-Mail, IP Address, Memory, Modem,
Server
A computer that has the purpose of supplying its users
with data; usually through the use of a LAN (local
area network).
Device that sends and receives data to and from
computers over telephone lines.
Area of the computer that temporarily holds data
waiting to be processed, stored, or output.
Sending an electronic message to another person or to a
group of people
A unique identifying number assigned to each computer
connected to the internet
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
36
Client, Copyrights, Mouse, RAM,
Time Bomb
An input device that allows the user to manipulate
objects on the screen by moving the mouse along
the surface of a desk.
A form of legal protection that grants certain exclusive
rights to the author of a program
Refers to the software on a computer that allows the
user to access the server
Watches for the PC clock to reach a certain date to
activate the virus
The ability of a storage device to go directly to a
specific storage location without having to search
sequentially from a beginning location.
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007
37
Boot Process, Platform, Resolution,
Software License, System Unit
Sequence of events that occurs between the time you
turn on a computer and the time that it becomes
ready to accept commands.
Underlying hardware and software of the computer
system.
The density of the grid used to display or print text and
graphics; the greater the horizontal and vertical
density, the higher the resolution.
A legal contract that defines the ways in which you may
use a computer program
Case that holds the power supply, storage devices, and
the circuit boards (including the motherboard).
C. Auble – South Ogden Jr. High – Fall 2007