Transcript CCENT 640-822 ICND1 Exam Topics Review

CCENT 640-822 ICND1 Exam Topics Review
Describe the Operation of Data Networks:
Network Diagrams and Data Paths
12 April 2016
RE Meyers, Ms.Ed., CCAI
Disclaimer
This review is for the exclusive non-profit use by
Cisco Academy instructors and students only!
Contents of this review were derived from the following
sources under the doctrine of US copyright “Fair Use”
section 107:
• Cisco Networking Academy Curricula: Discovery Networking for
Home and Small Businesses version 4.x
• Interactive Course Guide, Cisco Learning Institute
• CCENT/CCNA ICND 1 Official Exam Certification Guide, 2nd ed.
by Wendell Odom, Cisco Press, 2008; ISBN1-58720-182-2
• Cisco Learning Network
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-4987
• Other references footnoted in individual slide notes area.
12 April 2016
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CCENT Exam Topics
 Describe the operation of data networks
Identify and correct common network problems at layer 1,
2, 3, and 7 using a layered model approach.
https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-4987
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Troubleshooting

Basic problem-solving procedure includes the
following steps:
1. Define the problem.
2. Isolate the cause of the problem.
3. Solve the problem.
•
•
•
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Identify and prioritize alternative solutions.
Select one alternative as the solution.
Implement the solution.
Evaluate the solution.
Structured Troubleshooting
Structured troubleshooting techniques include:
Top-down
Bottom-up
Divide-and-conquer
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Structured Troubleshooting
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Alternate Troubleshooting Approaches
Trail and Error
Troubleshooter makes an
educated guess on the
most likely solution based
on past experience and
knowledge of the network
structure
Substitution
The problem is assumed to
be caused by a specific
hardware component or a
configuration file, and it is
replaced by a known good
device or file
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OSI Model Troubleshooting
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Troubleshooting Using the OSI Model
Classify probable causes according to the OSI
layer protocol.
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Layer 1: Physical
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Layer 2: Data Link
Check the Network Interface
Most interfaces or NICs have indicator lights
• Link light shows if there is a valid physical connection
• Other lights indicate whether traffic is being sent or received
• If the interface has indicator lights that do not show a valid
connection, power off the device and reseat the interface card.
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Layer 2: Data Link
Troubleshooting
commands at
router or switch
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Layer 3: Network
View TCP/IP settings using ipconfig or O/S network
status of PC host
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Default Gateway
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Layer 3: Network
Check router for proper configuration
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Routing protocols
Routing table
Router#
Router# show
show ip
ip route
protocols
Codes:
- IGRP derived,
RoutingIProtocol
is "rip" R - RIP derived, O - OSPF derived,
C
connected,
S
static,30Eseconds,
- EGP derived,
B -inBGP
derived,
Sending updates -every
next due
2 seconds
*Invalid
- candidate
default
route,hold
IA - OSPF
interflushed
area route,
after 180
seconds,
down 180,
after 240
i - IS-IS derived,
- IS-IS,
U all
- per-user
static
route,
Outgoing
update ia
filter
list for
interfaces
is not
set
o
- on-demand
routing,
M for
- mobile,
P - periodic
static route,
Incoming
update
filter list
all interfaces
is notdownloaded
set
D
- EIGRP, EX rip
- EIGRP external, E1 - OSPF external type 1 route,
Redistributing:
E2
OSPF
external
typesend
2 route,
N1 -2,OSPF
NSSA
external
type 1
Default version control:
version
receive
version
2
route,
Interface Send Recv Key-chain
N2 - OSPF2NSSA
external type 2 route
Ethernet0
2
trees
Fddi0 2 2
Routing for Networks:
Gateway
of last resort is 10.119.254.240 to network 10.140.0.0
172.19.0.0
2.0.0.0
10.3.0.0
O
E2 172.150.0.0
[160/5]
via 10.119.254.6, 0:01:00, Ethernet2
Routing
Information
Sources:
E
172.17.10.0
[200/128]
via 10.119.254.244, 0:02:22, Ethernet2
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
O
E2
172.70.132.0
[160/5]
Distance: (default is 120) via 10.119.254.6, 0:00:59, Ethernet2
O E2 10.130.0.0 [160/5] via 10.119.254.6, 0:00:59, Ethernet2
E 172.30.0.0 [200/128] via 10.119.254.244, 0:02:22, Ethernet2
E 10.129.0.0 [200/129] via 10.119.254.240, 0:02:22, Ethernet2
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Layer 3: Network
Trouble shooting commands include:
Ping by IP and name to test connectivity and DNS
Tracert provides connectivity information about the path a
packet takes to reach the destination and about every
router (hop) along the way.
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Layer 3: Network
arp –a
Shows communication with other LAN devices, and
resolution of IP addresses to MAC
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Layer 4: Transport
netstat
Displays TCP connections and ports, and UDP protocol
information.
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Layer 7: Application
Verify that application software and parameters are
configured properly.
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Layer 7: Application
nslookup
Queries Domain Name System (DNS) servers to find
DNS details, including IP addresses of a particular
computer
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