Transcript THE CRUSADES

“To take up the Cross”
 The reasons and causes for the Crusades as a whole
 The reasons and causes for each individual Crusade
 The results and effects of the Crusades
 How we understand the Crusades as Catholics
When is something worth fighting for?
Feudal System
Bellicose Society and Culture
Impending threat of Muslims/ Muslim occupation of the
Holy Land.
Immensely strong religious duties and bond to
Christendom
Great Schism just happened in 1054
Read Pope Urban II’s address at
Clermont.
Why is he calling for a
Crusade?
2. Who is his audience ;who is
this call to?
3. What is happening to
Christians in the east?
1.
DEUS
VULT!
 Protect the Eastern Rite Catholic churches
 Regain the Holy Land
 Shrines, Relics, Holy Places, etc.
 Counter Muslim threat
 Service to country and Religion
 Adventure
 Looking to increase wealth and/or status
 Plenary Indulgence (removal of effects of sin)
 Chance for martyrdom (straight to heaven if you die)
 Pilgrimage to the Holy Land
 Duty (Feudal System)
 Byzantine Emperor asked Pope Urban II for
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help against Seljuk (Turkish) Muslims
Pope Urban II called the Council of
Clermont in 1095
Crusade called to reclaim Byzantine
territory and “free Jerusalem”
Seen as an act of faith in Jesus, a way to
promote Christian unity and protect
pilgrims
Battle cry: “Deus vult” (God wills it)
Battle dress: a cross of red fabric
SUCCESS!!!
Jerusalem is captured, Christians now have control of
the Holy Land!
Divided into 4 new fiefs:
 Kingdom of Jerusalem
 County of Tripoli
 County of Edessa,
 Principality of Antioch
Access to Holy Land!
 Difficult to control
 Many Christians went
back to Europe
 Military Orders created
to help.
 Mixing of Muslim and
Christian culture.
City of Edessa is attacked by Muslims – Christians
respond.
King Louis VII (France) & Emperor Conrad II (Holy
Roman Empire/Germany) lead the 2nd Crusade.
Set out to capture Damascus in order to defend
Jerusalem.
FAILURE – Thought to be due to the sins and moral
laxity of Christendom
Saladin- Great Muslim leader who has united his people
and preaches jihad against the Christians.
Takes Jerusalem in 1187
Christians respond with the 3rd Crusade!
Richard the Lionhearted (England), Emperor
Frederick Barbarossa (Germany), King Philip (France).
SUCCESS?!... Sort of: Richard the Lionhearted and
Saladin make a Truce. Christians are granted safe and tax
free passage to the Holy Land.
 Describe a time that you were disobedient. What
happened?
Christians sack Constantinople!
WHY?!
 Crusaders indebted to Venetian traders
 Political reasons
 Misguided emotions and anger.
- Did not help the East and West conflict…
Unofficial Crusades
 People’s Crusade – Peter the Hermit encouraged
the regular people of Europe to go on Crusade and
free the Holy Land  most were killed
 Children’s Crusade – 1000s of children were
encouraged by their parents to walk to Jerusalem
and free it  most starved to death as they walked
towards the ocean, others were sold into slavery
 Crusades 5-9
 Peoples Crusade
 Children’s Crusade
 Wendish
 Northern Crusades
 Albigensian
 Aragonese
Knights Templar
Protected pilgrims as the
traveled.
Knights Hospitaller
Took care of pilgrims and
Crusaders.
Positive
1. Renewed Christian faith,
2. Strengthened the influence of
the Papacy and the Church
3. Promoted knighthood and
chivalry
4. United Christians
5. Eastern products: paper, silk,
spices; Developed international
trade and travel
6 . Recovery of relics, land and
Churches
7. Arabic numerals
8. Warded off Muslim Invasion
Negative
1. The abuses of some of the
Crusaders gave the Church a
bad name
2. The attack upon fellow
Christians in Constantinople
made bad feelings between
East and West worse (4th
Crusade)
3. The unsuccessful Crusades
made some Christians bitter
4. The Crusades were not
permanently successful