Transcript 10 the internet and the new information technology infrastructure

10
THE INTERNET AND THE
NEW INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
INFRASTRUCTURE
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The New IT Infrastructure
• Large DBs that need central storage found on
mainframes, or specialized servers. Smaller DBs
and portions of larger ones on PCs/Workstations
• Client/server computing is used to distribute
power to desktop
• Extend to desktop to includes mobile devices
• Incorporates public infrastructure (telephone
system, Internet, etc.)
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IT Infrastructure
• Enterprise Networking
– An arrangement of the organization’s hardware,
software, network and data resources
– To put power on the desktop & create a company-wide
network linking smaller networks
• Internetworking
– Linking of separate networks, each of which retains its
identity, into an interconnected network
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Standards and Connectivity
• Connectivity
– The ability of computers and computer-based
devices to communicate and share information
without human intervention
• Open Systems
– Software that operates on different hardware
– Built on application standards, and network
protocols
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Model of Connectivity
• TCP/IP (Transmission control protocol/internet
protocol)
– Used in the Internet, allows different types of computers
to communicate
– Five layers
• OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)
– Seven layers, international reference model
• Bluetooth
– Allows high-speed, radio-based communication
– Used with wireless devices, over small area
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TCP/IP Model
Application
Transport
(TCP)
Internet
(IP)
Network
Interface
Hardware
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Client/server Computing on the
Internet
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Internet Capabilities
• E-mail
– Person -to-person
messaging; document
sharing
• Usenet Newsgroups
– Discussion groups using
electronic bulletin boards
• List Servers
– Discussion groups using
email list servers
• Telnet
– Working on one computer
while logged on to another
• FTP
– Transfer of files from
computer to computer
• World Wide Web
– Display, format and retrieve
information using
hyperlinks
• Chat Rooms
– Interactive conversations
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Domain Names
•Example: www.chaudhury.mis.umb.edu
•Equivalent IP: 158.121.112.98
Root
.mil
.net
.com
.edu
.org
.umb
.cs
.mis
.chaudhury
.kuilboer
• Domain name
– Unique name to identify a node on the Internet
– Corresponds to an IP address
– Domain Name Server (DNS) maps domain names to their
IP address
– Contains sub-domains, separated by periods
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Top level domains
Domain
Description
com
Commercial, business
edu
Educational
gov
Government
mil
Military
net
ISP or other network services provider
org
Not-for-profit organization
ca, uk, is, it
Country indicators
Other domain names have been approved (e.g., biz, info, name, museum)
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Next Generation Internet
• Internet2
– Research network with new protocols and
transmission speeds
– Supports high bandwidth applications
– Video portal
– CA*net3: Canada’s Internet2
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Searching the Web
• Search Engine
– A tool for locating specific sites on the Internet
• Bots/Agents
– Software tool that facilitates digging through
data (e.g. a shopping bot)
• Broadcast and “Push” Technology
– Computer automatically broadcasts information
to user based on preferences
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Intranets & Extranets
• Intranet
– Private network using Internet technology
– Protected from outsiders by firewalls
• Hardware and software placed between intranet and external
networks
• Packet Filtering router: submits packets to filter that applies a
set of rules
• Extranet
– Intranets that allow authorized access by external
stakeholders (e.g., suppliers, customers)
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Wireless Web
• Wireless Web Standards
– WAP (wireless application protocol)
• Uses WML (wireless markup language)
• Optimized for tiny displays (e.g. cell phones)
– I-mode
• Developed in Japan, being introduced in Europe and
NA
• Uses compact HTML (easier to integrate than WML)
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Organizational Benefits
of Internet & Web
• Provide global connectivity
• Reduce communication and transaction
costs
– Email, Internet telephony (Voice over IP)
– Enhance coordination and collaboration
• Accelerate the distribution of knowledge
• Enhance customer relationship and supply
chain management
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E-commerce & e-Business
Technologies
• E-commerce server software
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–
–
–
–
–
–
Set up storefronts and catalogues
Design electronic shopping carts
Make shipping arrangements
Link to electronic payment systems
Display product availability & tracking
Connect to back-office systems
Report on site statistics and functions
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Customer Tracking &
Personalization Tools
• Goals of tracking and personalization tools
– Collect and store data on behaviour of online customers
– Analyze data to better understand behaviour
– Identifying customer trends
• Clickstream tracking
– Tracking customer activities, storing in a log
• Collaborative filtering
– Compare customer tracking data with data from
customers with similar profiles, predict preferences
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Web Management
• Content management tools
– Facilitates collection, assembly and
management on a web site
• Web performance monitoring tools
– Monitors download times, transaction times,
broken links and bottlenecks
• Web hosting Services
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