Transcript ppt
Computer Networks Lecture 13: Future Networks Prof. Younghee Lee Prof. Younghee Lee 1 1 Future Internet Services – Survey [1] Findings: agree – Some 66% of the experts agreed that at least one devastating attack will occur in the next 10 years on the networked information infrastructure or the country’s power grid – 59% of these experts agreed with a prediction that more government and business surveillance will occur as computing devices proliferate and become embedded in appliances, cars, phones, and even clothes. – 57% of them agreed that virtual classes will become more widespread in formal education and that students might at least occasionally be grouped with others who share their interests and skills, rather than by age. – 56% of them agreed that as telecommuting and home-schooling expand, the boundary between work and leisure will diminish and family dynamics will change because of that. – 50% of them believe that anonymous, free, music file-sharing on peer-to-peer networks will still be easy to perform a decade from now. [1] “In a survey, technology experts and scholars evaluate where the network is headed in the next ten years”, 202-4194500 http://www.pewinternet.org/ , January 9, 2005 2 2 Prof. Younghee Lee Future Internet Services – Survey [1] Findings: disagree – Just 32% of these experts agreed that people would use the internet to support their political biases and filter out information that disagrees with their views. Half the respondents disagreed with or disputed that prediction. – Only 32% agreed with a prediction that online voting would be secure and widespread by 2014. Half of the respondents disagreed or disputed that idea. Prof. Younghee Lee 3 3 Future Internet Services – Survey [1] Findings: In the emerging era of the blog, experts believe the internet will bring yet more dramatic change to the news and publishing worlds. They predict the least amount of change to religion. – Connections across media, entertainment, advertising, and commerce » Google and Starbucks have a chance to build all-new new distribution models – Health care is approximately 10 years behind » boom in the next 10 years – Government will be forced to become increasingly transparent, – Digitization and the Internet make for a potent brew » In the future, everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes in their own reality show – Hyperlinks subvert hierarchy. – The ‘always-on’ internet, combined with computers talking to computers – The next decade should see the development of a more thoughtful internet. We've had the blood rush to the head, we've had the hangover from that blood rush; this next decade is the rethink.” – The dissemination of information will increasingly become the dissemination of drivel. » As more and more ‘data’ is posted on the internet, there will be increasingly less ‘information Prof. Younghee Lee 4 4 Future Internet Services – Survey [1] Findings: Experts are both in awe and in frustration about the state of the internet. They celebrate search technology, peer-to-peer networks, and blogs; they bemoan institutions that have been slow to change. – What dimensions of online life in the past decade have caught them by surprise? » Pleasant surprises: These experts are in awe of the development of the Web and the explosion of information sources on top of the basic internet backbone. They also said they were amazed at the improvements in online search technology, the spread of peer-to-peer networks, and the rise of blogs. » Unpleasant surprises: The experts are startled that educational institutions have changed so little, despite widespread expectation a decade ago that schools would be quick to embrace change. They are unhappy that gaps exist in internet access for many groups – those with low income, those with lower levels of educational attainment, and those in rural areas. And they still think there is a long way to go before political institutions will benefit from the internet. Prof. Younghee Lee 5 5 Future Internet Services: summary Revised summary in terms of technology – Broadband networks: core (fiber) + access (wireless) – Rethinking the Internet: improved or new one? » Security » Network management.. – Ubiquitous computing » Smart device, smart space – Dissemination networks » Content based networks – Web based services: Good surprise: » Web + explosion of information sources Search technology, P2P, blog » What about ad hoc environment or weakly connected environment? – Applications: summary » Media (news, publishing, IPTV..), entertainment, advertising, commerce, telecommuting, home schooling, p2p » Need more efforts: Healthcare, Education, information divide » Less impact: politics, on-line voting, religions.. Prof. Younghee Lee 6 6 Future Internet Services – Survey [2] Findings: – A global, low-cost network thrives: Agree 56%, Disagree 43%, Did not respond 1% – English displaces other languages: 42:57:1 – Autonomous technology is a problem: 42:54:4 – Transparency builds a better world, even at the expense of privacy: 46:49:5 – Virtual reality is a drain for some: 56:39:5 – The internet opens worldwide access to success: 52:44:5 – Some Luddites / Refuseniks will commit terror acts: 58:35:7 Prof. Younghee Lee 7 7 Future Internet Services Vehicular Network Applications – Traffic – Accident avoid Virtual reality – Second life – Meeting in virtual space Disaster Global prevention Sensing data Prof. Younghee Lee 8 8 Future Internet Services – Survey 2010 – An improved Internet – Global Environment for Networking Investigation (GENI) » Security is main concern » Content delivery demands » new naming, addressing and identity architectures for the internet Enable control and management of other critical infrastructures; Include ease of operation and usability Enable new classes of societal-level services and applications. » "enable the vision of pervasive computing and bridge the gap between the physical and virtual worlds by including mobile, wireless and sensor networks." – Leonard Kleinrock: It must be built to handle the boom in internet demands from sources other than computers, such as cellular phones, GPS/RFID-type tracking and hand-held organizers Prof. Younghee Lee 9 9 Future Internet Services – wireless [4] The Internet is becoming wireless – Laptop sales exceeded desktop PC sales in July 2003 – By 2015, # wireless Internet terminals >> # wired! – Laptops, cell-phones, PDA’s, Embedded devices (sensors, actuators, RFID,…) – Wireless access networks must scale and handle new types of devices (sensors, etc.) Internet Architecture – IPv6, QoS, Mobile IP.. : deployment problems – B-ISDN, 3G ? – Need to encourage bottom-up transformation without loss of investment in legacy system » Evolutionary strategy » New approaches to protocol standards » Economic incentives for deployment Prof. Younghee Lee 10 10 Future Internet Services – wireless [4] Mobile data – Terminal mobility (authentication, roaming and dynamic handoff), mobile IPv6, Multicasting, IP multicast, Security, Wireless TCP: R&D during 90’s Mobile P2P – Router mobility, delayed delivery, caching and opportunistic data delivery (in network storage), content-aware/location-aware data delivery MANET Sensors: Applications: – Highway safety: accident prevention » Opportunistic, attribute-based binding of sensors and cars, tight real-time and reliability constraints – Assisted Living » Emergency event triggers interaction between object sensors and body sensors and initiate external communication: Heterogeneous ad-hoc network, Sensors used to detect events and specify location, Real-time communication with care provider – Overlay services » used for content distribution or dynamic binding between sensor devices and servers, agents, end-users Use of XML or similar content descriptor Prof. Younghee Lee 11 11 Future Internet Services Ubiquitous Networking – Everything on IP, IP on Everything – Is it enough for ubiquitous services? Web based services – Everything on web, IP on everything – What about ad hoc environment, weekly connected environment? – Invisibility, personalization? => Conceptual architecture and Middleware for future ubiquitous services Prof. Younghee Lee 12 12 Future Internet Services Characteristics – – – – User Centric Service Network: Personalization 1 to n, n to n Data dissemination Peer-to-Peer/Ad-hoc Information dissemination Heterogeneous devices for various services and information Constraints of today’s Internet services – Not reflect user’s preference at network level – Limitation of TCP/IP – Need binding information prior to the communication between the nodes – IP address based routing » Do not directly related with service provider/requester » Service based routing between Service requester – service provider Prof. Younghee Lee 13 13 Future Internet Services Applications, Services.. – Limited by our imagination How can we predict future services based upon the present level of imagination? Instead of predicting something = creating something new for the future will be more feasible solution? – Make the something that can change future society? Or Adaptation of IT system for future society? Prof. Younghee Lee 14 14 Future Network? Future of the Internet? The Internet We’re here – 1st Jan 1983. === Flag day The Internet – ARPAnet switched from NCP to TCP/IP – About 400 machines need to switch. – As the Internet get bigger, it get much harder to change : Flag day? – Maybe we reach to almost the summit of the networking system based on the paradigm of the Internet which are “distributed control, stateless,….” Evolution? – New requirements: – Small improvement, higher cost, complexity… Future of the Internet?: No revolutionary technologies [5] – Optimistic view: many new challenges for disruptive technologies – Pessimistic view: networking research is at the end – Realistic? View: continuous evolution and change Prof. Younghee Lee 15 15 Future of the Internet? Vision – – – – – – Virtual world, virtualization of network Connectivity oriented network -> content oriented network Service creation by consumer : producer Context aware networking: user context, environment context Mobile Internet, multi-sensory information Virtual real world with emotion [6] [5] Prof. Younghee Lee 16 16 References [1] Susannah Fox et al., “In a survey, technology experts and scholars evaluate where the network is headed in the next ten years”, 202-419-4500 http://www.pewinternet.org/ , January 9, 2005 [2] Janna Quitney Anderson, “A survey of technology thinkers and stakeholders shows they believe the internet will continue to spread in a “flattening” and improving world. There are many, though, who think major problems will accompany technology advances by 2020”, 202-419-4500 http://www.pewinternet.org/ , September 24, 2006 [3] “ICT-FET FP7 Work Programme: Extract from Work Programme 2007 for ICT – Information and Communication Technologies under FP7”, 2007 EU [4] Mario Gerla, “New Service and Architecture Requirements for the Future Internet: The Wireless, Mobile and Sensor Network Perspective” based on the NSF WMPG report, Rutgers, Oct 2005, CCW OCT 2005 [5] Mark Handley “The challenge of evolving the Internet” ICT – FP7 Jan 2008 [6] Rahim Tafazolli, “Next Generation 3D Internet (Post-IP) leading to 4D Mobile Internet”, ICT – FP7 Jan 2008 Prof. Younghee Lee 17 17