Transcript Chapter 2: Exploration and Expansion 1400-1700

Chapter 2:
Exploration and Expansion
1400-1700
Section 1: Voyages of Discovery
I.
Foundations of Exploration
1.
Renaissance – spirit of discovery and innovation inspired voyages
(Age of Exploration)
Motives:
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no middlemen
Wealth
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Spices, silk, perfume, and jade
Fame and Glory
Spread Faith
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Introduce new populations to Christian teachings
Curiosity
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Writers by Medieval travel like Marco Polo
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The people are Idolaters; and since they were conquered by the Great
Kaan they use
paper-money. [Both men and women are fair and comely, and for the most
part clothe
themselvesinsilk,sovastisthesupplyofthatmaterial,bothfromthewholedistri
3.
Advances in technology
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compass (shows North direction)
astrolabe (calculate locations based on position of sun and stars)
shipbuilding
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lower in water, larger cargo holds
caravel
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light, fast sailing ship
steered from rear (rudder)
triangular sails (lateen sails)
equipped w/ weapons – cannons
Larger cargo hold makes it stable at sea
http://www.ted.com/talks/tom_wujec_demos_the_13th_century_astr
olabe?language=en Start at 3:18
II.
Explorers from Portugal
1.
Portugal and Spain shared Iberian Peninsula started Euro.
Exploration
Iberian peninsula map
Portugal
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1st country
Begun by Prince Henry – Henry the Navigator
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patron, supporter
established court for explorers
islands in Atlantic and West African Coast
gold and slaves (Eventually took slaves from West Africa, but did not originally
explore the coast seeking them)
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main goal – water route –around Africa to India for spices
Bartolomeu Dias – Cape of Good Hope
Vasco da Gama – reached India
established trading centers/networks
3.
The Spanish
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1492 financed Columbus
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Thought he could sail west to China
predicted earth’s size wrong
did not know about Americas
arrived in San Salvador, thought India, called them Indians
returned with parrots, jewels, gold, plants, natives (Christianity)
four voyages
Amerigo Vespucci concluded not Asia
Vasco Nunez de Balboa – Isthmus of Panama – 1st to see Pacific
Ferdinand Magellan – 1st to circumnavigate
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5 ships, 250  18 returned
III.
Explorers from the Rest of Europe
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English, French, Dutch follow
English – New England – U.S.
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1497 John Cabot – two voyages – claimed New England for the
English, but did not return from second voyage.
Sir Francis Drake – southern tip of S.A., California, around the
top but bad weather sent him west (2nd to circumnavigate)
Henry Hudson (English born) – hoped to find NE passage
French – New France - Canada
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4.
Jacques Cartier – St. Lawrence River
Dutch
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Henry Hudson – Hudson River (New York today), Hudson Bay