Transcript URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT

USIT
Networks are Cooperation
• Networks are communication
• Communication is Cooperation
Rolf Nordhagen
Professor of Informatics
University of Oslo
Centre for Information Technology Services
Research and Development
rolf.nordhagen @usit.uio.no
Networking since the 1970s
UNINETT, NORDUnet
Baltics projects
NATO networking panel member
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INTERNET
• A vast technological interconnect, spanning regions,
countries, continents
SERVICES
• Electronic Mail
• File transfer
• Information browsing and capture
WWW
CONTENT
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By creating linked information spaces on the
Internet, opportunities exist to create local,
regional and national information highways,
spanning across communities interacting
within themselves, or with other regions. By
linking together citizens, schools, libraries,
newspapers and other information sources,
local authorities and institutions, and with
outside connections, it is possible to create
powerful regional electronic infrastructures.
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The most optimistic views on the Internet
claim that this may improve the
interaction between people and
institutions, permit better access to
governement by those governed, and
greatly ease the general access to
information. Particularly for the
educational process may benefit. A more
open society is the goal.
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Examples
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General information
Geographical information
Distance Education
Publishing on Demand
News services
Public Information
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Reykjavik
Trondheim
GIX Washington
Stockholm BALTnet Tallin
EMPB London
Copenhagen
Ebone Paris
EMPB Amsterdam
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BALTnet Vilnius
NASK Warshaw
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NORDUnet as an example
Gestation period 1980 - 1984
Nordic Council of Ministers approved 1985
NORDUNET project 1986 - 89
1.2 Mill. USD
Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
Networks are cooperation
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NORDUnet
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Cooperation between 5 national networks
Cooperation on International connectivity
Common services and pilot development
Supporting all major protocols and services
Harmonising mail services
Joint training of experts
Cooperation with major Telecom operators
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Communication is Cooperation
• Services can rarely be done by one provider alone
• The necessary level of competence could not be
reached on a country by country basis
• Institutional groups too small both in
• people with interest and knowledge
• resources and demanding users
• Development cooperation required on all levels
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The NORDUNET lesson
• Many institutions scattered across several countries worked
together by each getting major responsibilities
• Distributed projects create joint enthusiasm and work
towards common goals
• Shared responsibilities
• All got benefit from building competence
• Network communication is working together
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Shared responsibilities
• Representative Steering Body from major national centres
• Initial management, Technical: Norway (OSLO),
• Administrative: Sweden (SICS)
later moved to Denmark (UNI C)
• Operating centers, International Sweden (KTH)
• National centers: TCP/IP Sweden, KTH
DECnet Denmark, UNI C
X.25 CLNS Norway, UNINETT
• Coordinated representation in International bodies
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NORDUnet A/S
• Created 14 December 1994 to give
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Well defined legal body
Certain freedom of action
Equal control by partners
Distinct from partners
• Excec located in Denmark,
Director (Peter Villemoes), small secretariat
• All work done by partners
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NORDUnet a/s shareholders
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UNI-C, Denmark
Finnish Ministry of Education
University of Iceland
UNINETT A/S, Norway
Agency for Higher Education, Sweden
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NORDUnet links
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EXPENSES IN 1998
ca. 33 M$
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CEE COUNTRIES
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USA LINK HISTORY
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Ongoing Challenges
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Break the cost barrier
Maintain Nordic leadership
Continue collaboration
Remain active in Europe
The NORDUNET2 initiative
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Creating plans
• Joint Seminars and Workshops
• Broad participation, R&D, Universities
• industry, PTT/PTO ?
• financial and political rep. ?
• Subjects
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the infrastructure
PTT transmission facilities
Universities and local site needs
International connectivity and technology
Financial and management aspects
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International support issues
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seminars and workshops, training
personell exchange programs
consultancy work when necessary
purchase of critical equipment
direct support by a time limited funding of
international links
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Cooperation Checklist
Major issues
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Identification of sites and organisations to connect
International cooperation and connectivity
Which sites have possibilities now
What other are prioritized in terms of ongoing
projects?
• Identify shared responsibilities and distribution of
projects
• How to support USERS
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Content driven network services
• Developed by working together
• Service providers: Computer Centers,
Network operators
• Information Providers
• Libraries
• Educators
• Public, Private, Commercial
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Present Challenges
• "Multimedia" services and
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High Speed Technologies (ATM)
• New paradigms in Education
• Distance education
• Distributed libraries
• Electronic publishing
• Structure and organisation of information
• New adminstrative services,
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Region Wide Information Systems
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The New Vision
• The high capacity network as a regional, national, and
international infrastructure,
a highway for education, services and entertainment,
with open and easy access to the public
• Liberte, egalite, fraternite
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Cooperation Checklist
Technical
• Basic transmission issues, leased line capacity and
quality, alternatives, like microwave, radiolink and
dial-up access
• Routing, placement, PC, based?, topology,
• international routes
• DNS support, .country servers, where and
• what is needed in terms of equipment
• Mail gatewaying, interworking (X.400)
• General equipment needs, UNIX servers, PCs,
Modems
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Cooperation Checklist
Funding and organisation
• Implementation cost for regional and international
efforts, plan needed
• Operational costs, estimate needed
• What organisational framework will support:
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cooperative and shared projects
the operations
administrative support for registration
of network, organisation and addresses
the user steering of the services as a whole
signing of international agreements
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Cooperation Checklist
Policy
• Internet registration
• Relations to the local PTTs and local governments?
• R&D network vs public service relations?
• R&D networking a pilot phase before true public service?
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Funding initially and long term
Relations to existing European activities
Relations to extended connectivity CEE States
Relations to national standards organisations
and registration authorities
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Organisations/Functions
• Service provider/Operations centre
• Name registry and Address registry
• Technical Coordinations group for all network service
providers - interconnecting/routing coordination
• File/Program archive, FTP, NEWS, WWW etc.
• Policy setting of tariffs/cost sharing
• The base for all must be the USERS
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Operation Centre Tasks
• Network operation
• Installation, configuration of modems, routers
• Fault handling - international/national links
• Statistics, for planning
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Domain Name Service
Routing Arbitration
(Engineering, Planning, Names
and Address Registry)
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