Transcript Founding of the Americas

FOUNDING OF THE
AMERICAS
NATIVE AMERICAN SOCIETIES
• Corn!!!
• All large native American
societies were based
around maize
• Meso-American Societies
• Human sacrifice and astronomy
• Pueblos (Anasazis)
• Irrigation system and pueblos
(villages)
• Cohokia
• Mound builders
NATIVE AMERICAN SOCIETIES
• Algonquin and Iroquois
(Mohawks, Oneidas,
Onondagas, Cayugas,
and the Senecas)
• Three Sisters farming- beans,
corn and squash around
1000 CE (south east onlynorth east hard to farm)
• Many distinct societies,
similar language
• Many political organizations
chiefdoms or confederacies
• Powhatan Chiefdom
• Iroquois confederacy (no
chiefs)
• Matriarchal Societies
NATIVE AMERICAN SOCIETIES
• Horses
• Introduced in the mid to late 1500s
• Some tribes moved from agriculture back to hunting buffalo
• Gave certain tribes power over others
• Comanche, Sioux (black hills), and the Crow
• Trade
• Tribes that specialized traded to get other resources
• Ex: Navajos and Apaches would trade with the Pueblo every
year, exchange hide and meat for maize, pottery, and cotton
• War captives would also be traded as slaves
INDIRECT DISCOVERIES
• Lief Erikson
• 1000 CE, Newfoundland
• The crusades
• Made Europe aware of all the awesome stuff they were
missing out on- sugar!
EUROPEANS ENTER AFRICA
• Marco Polo, 1295- stimulated a cheaper route to
the east
• Caravel- allows Europeans to return home after
sailing south along the coast of Africa
• Could now sub-Saharan Africa could be “discovered”- gold
• Portuguese dominate trade with Africa- including
slaves
• Sugar plantations off the coast of Africa (Madeira, the
Canaries, Sau Tome, and the Principe)
EUROPEANS ENTER AFRICA
• Plantation System
started on these islands
• Portuguese pushed
south along the coast
looking for a water
route to Asia
• Vasco de Gama, 1498
reached India by going
around Africa
SPAIN JOINS THE RACE
• Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of
Castille united Spain
• Newfound strength
COLUMBUS!!!
• Changing politics, new
technology, and the
renaissance
• Spain now had the
unity, wealth and power
to compete with
Portugal
• Columbus=most
successful failure in
history
• Columbian Exchange
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
CONQUEST OF MEXICO AND PERU
• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
• West Indies
• Sugar plantations and base for invading th mainland
• Encomienda System
• Bartolome de las casas
• Hernan Cortes (1519)- from Cuba to Mexico
• Moctezuma- Aztec Chieftan
• Noche Triste- June 30, 1520
CONQUEST OF MEXICO AND PERU
• Francisco Pizarro
• Incas in 1532
• Increase in gold=increase in money supply in
Europe=the beginning of capitalism
• Not just death
• Crops, animals, language, customs, and religion
• Mestizos
EXPLORATION AND IMPERIAL RIVALRY
• Conquistadores
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Vasco Nunez Balboa
Ferdinand Magellan
Juan Ponce de Leon
Francisco Coronado
• Others getting jealous
• English- John Cabot
• French- Jacques Cartier
• St. Augustine, 1565- to protect Spanish land
EXPLORATION AND IMPERIAL RIVALRY
• Spain began to fortify and
settle its new land
• Rio Grande Valley- Don
Juan de Onate
• Abused Pueblo natives
• Battle of Acoma- proclaimed
province of New Mexico in
1609- Santa Fe
• Missionaries tried to supress
native religious customs
• Pope’s Rebellion (1680)
• Spain comes back in 50
years but is more tolerant of
native customs
DIFFERENCES IN COLONIZATION
• Spanish- larger and richer, lasted longer,
intermarried with natives, and adopted some
indigenous culture