Transcript Benjamin Franklin`s Thirteen Virtues

Portuguese Exploration
By Mr. Eichmann
The Search for Eastern Routes
A combination of ships
from Venice and other citystates, and land routes
through the Silk Road
made Italian city-states
very powerful and rich.
European consumers did
not want to pay high prices
to Italian merchants.
The only option was an allsea route around Africa to
reach India and China.
Advantages of a Sea Route to
Asia
Ships could sail day
and night
Avoid having to pack
and unpack goods
Only one shipper
would profit from the
sea voyage, rather
than middlemen
No taxes and tolls
would need to be
paid.
Disadvantages of a Sea Route to
Asia
Never done before
by Europeans.
Few maps or
charts.
Little knowledge of
wind and currents
Would take longer
for goods to reach
Europe.
Portugal Makes the Attempt
In the 1440s, Prince
Henry, who became
known as Prince Henry
the Navigator, takes the
lead by….
Creating a school for
navigation, the science of
plotting and directing a
ship
Inviting chart makers,
sailors, shipbuilders,
scientists, and inventors
to work there.
Hiring prospective sailors
to go on journeys east to
Asia.
Financing these voyages.
Technological Advancements
for Navigation
Compass – tells which direction you are
going (improved by the Portuguese
Astrolabe - instrument that showed how
far north or south you were from the
equator (improved by the Portuguese)
Log – diary of a ship’s journey
Knots – Measurement for the speed of a
ship
The Caravel
The Portuguese
develop a ship
called the
caravel, a small
vessel that was
able to handle
the high seas.
Challenges for Explorers
Inaccurate maps
Storms
Fresh water -need for desalination,
converting salt water into drinking water)
Cooking on a wooden ship
Scurvy – deficiency of Vitamin C
Running out of food and supplies
Moral of the crew (don’t want a mutiny, a
rebellion by your crew)
Portuguese Exploration
1445 – One of
Henry’s ships
reached modern
day Senegal.
1488 – Bartolomeu
Dias sailed around
the tip of Africa and
returned to
Portugal
Vasco da Gama
1498- Vasco da
Gama becomes the
first European to sail
around the tip of
Africa and reach
India.
Brazil
1498- Pedro Alvares
Cabral, either
intentionally or
unintentionally, took a far
western course in the
Atlantic Ocean and
landed in the northern
part of South America.
Colonies were eventually
established in what would
later named Brazil.
Trade Routes
Trade routes were
established by
making
connections with
African civilizations
and creating trade
relations with
merchants in India.
The Portuguese Monopoly on
Trade
Wars in the Byzantine Empire, and possibly
Portuguese armies, forced the closing of the Silk
Road to trade, giving Portugal a monopoly on
trade to Asia and making Italy less powerful.
Success of Portugal in the Age of
Discovery
They built the first school of
navigation in Europe.
They made many advancements
in navigation and shipbuilding.
They were the first Europeans to
reach India by sailing around
Africa.
Failures of Portugal in the Age of
Discovery
They could not support their colonies
with enough people from their
country.
Began the slave trade between
Europe and Africa.
They eventually lost their colonies to
The Netherlands.