Transcript Exploration 1 Causes Technology Portugal

Notes Check
1. Get out all your Cornell Notes
from the Renaissance and
Reformation.
2. Get out your learning target
worksheet.
**I will come around to check
notes after attendance. Be
ready when I get to you!
Student Learning Targets
I can identify why the first explorers came
to America.
I can identify new technologies that
allowed for exploration.
I can identify the major explorers and
their impact on this time period.
I can identify new findings and trade
opportunities discovered during this time
period.
I can explain major vocab from this unit.
Renaissance Test
Analysis
Get out your learning target
worksheet from last unit.
Once you receive your test
complete the reflection side.
What can you change for
this unit?
1. What can you work on the improve
your scores and studying for this
next unit?
2. What is your plan for getting an
“A” on the next test?
3. What steps can you take to make
sure you follow this plan?
Bell Work 11-30-16
1. Get out a pen or pencil to
write with.
2. Turn to a new page in your
notes. (It can be a half sheet
of paper)
3. Clear your desk of everything
else.
Exploration Pre-Test
Number your paper 1-8
Glory, God & Gold
Voyages &
Adventures
European Exploration
Pt. 1
Glory, God & Gold
The 3 reasons for European
Exploration!
Glory- *Become famous,
*Win prestige for your
country
God- *Spread Christianity to
new lands
Gold- *Become Rich!
The Spice
Islands
Europe
Old Trade Route
Over land from Asia to Italy
China
India
Indies
Muslims and Italians control trade from
East to West:
Muslims sold Asian goods (like spices) to
Italian merchants, who then resold the items
at increased prices to merchants throughout
Europe.
Other European traders did not like this,
paying high prices to the Italians severely
cut into their own profits.
Other European nations wanted to
bypass (go around) the Italian traders
The way to do that was to find an all water
route to Asia.
Improvements in Navigation
Advances in sailing technology
enable Europeans to explore
other parts of the world.
Better maps, made from ships
following the coasts
better ships- Caravel
Astrolabe
Magnetic compass
knowledge of wind patterns
printing press was used to
spread this knowledge
New Maritime Technologies
Better Maps
Astrolabe
(1532)
Printing Press
Mariner’s Compass
Sextant
The Caravel
Large cargo area
could hold the
numerous supplies
needed for long
voyages.
The caravel
Triangular
makes
Thesails
shallow
it for depth of
possible
maneuverability
to sailthe
against
ship’s
&the
keel
square
below
sails
windfor powerthe water allowed it to
explore close to shore
The average
Caravel was 65
feet long
Sails could be adjusted to sail against the wind
The Astrolabe makes navigation easier:
A brass circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees. Using the rings
to sight the stars, a sea captain could calculate latitude (how far north or south the
ship was) invented around the end of the 1400’s.
The magnetic compass improves tracking of direction
(Chinese invention)
Sextant
A navigational
instrument
incorporating a
telescope & an
angular scale that is
used to work out
latitude & longitude.
Invented in the 1700’s
An astronomical
object is viewed
through the telescope
& its angular distance
above the horizon is
read off the scale. The
data is then used to
calculate the viewer's
position.
New Weapons Technology
A Ship’s Rations
 A 17th Century sailing vessel with 190 sailors, would
normally bring the following food items for a three-month
trip:
 8,000 pounds of salt beef
 2,800 pounds of salt pork
 600 pounds of salt cod
 A few beef tongues
 15,000 brown biscuits, 5,000 white biscuits
 30 bushels of oatmeal
 40 bushels of dried peas
 1 ½ bushels of dried mustard seed
 1 barrel of salt
 1 barrel of flour
 11 small wooden casks of butter
 1 large cask of vinegar
 10,500 gallons of beer
 3,500 gallons of water
 2 large casks of cider
Sailors were often at sea 6 months or
more.
Meat was salted to preserve it.
Biscuits, also called hardtack were a
hard bread baked to remove all
moisture.
Water went bad in a few weeks, but
beer & wine lasted much longer.
Sailors received daily rations of
each.
How do you think sailors could
replenish their supplies of food &
water DURING their journey?
Pair Share
Turn to your shoulder partner and
share your thoughts to this
question.
Jot down some common ideas on
your notes sheet in the blank lines
provided.
Bell Work 12-1-16
1. Get out your notes packet from
yesterday.
2. Discuss these questions with your
table:
1. What new technology made exploration
possible? How did it help?
2. What was the original motivation
(reason) for wanting to explore?
What dangers did sailors face on such
long journeys?
Prince Henry the Navigator
 Prince Henry, the son of
Portugal’s king, supports
exploration
 In 1419, he founds
navigation school on coast
of Portugal
Prince Henry the Navigator
To bring Portugal more trade &
power & to spread Christianity,
Prince Henry sponsored
expeditions beyond the safety of
the Mediterranean.
In other words, he encouraged
Portuguese sailors to find a
water route around Africa!
Beyond Darkest Africa
The Portuguese
yearned to find a
sea route to India to
thwart Arab &
Italian“middlemen”
who controlled the
trade routes,
keeping prices of
pepper and other
spices high by
keeping supplies
low.
Portuguese explorers
would sail south along the
west coast of Africa.
When they could go on no
longer, because of lack of
supplies or fear, they
would leave a marker on
the beach so the next
explorers would know they
needed to travel farther to
reach uncharted areas,
and hopefully find the
termination of Africa, so
they could turn their ships
East to Asia!
By 1460, Portuguese had
trading posts along the
west coast of Africa
Bartolomeu Dias
(Bartholomew Diaz)
Portuguese sailor,
discovered the southern tip
of Africa in 1488
Bartholomeu Dias
•A fierce, 13 day storm
blew his ship off
course rounding the tip
of Africa. He only
realized how far he
had gone when the
skies cleared.
•He considered sailing
to India but with a
tired crew & low
supplies he returned to
Portugal with the news
that a northern route
to India was possible.
Why do you think the cape he
rounded (though he only saw
it on his way back) was named
“The Cape of Good Hope”?
He originally named the Cape of Good
Hope the "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das
Tormentas).
It was later renamed by King John II of
Portugal as the Cape of Good Hope
(Cabo da Boa Esperança) because of the
opening of a route to the east.
Vasco da Gama
A Portuguese explorer who
was the first to travel to India
& back by sea (1497-1499).
In his first voyage, da Gama
managed to reach Calicut in
India (his goal) and sail
home. (27,000 mile trip!)
The ruler of Calicut,
(Samuri or Zamorin)
welcomed da Gama: “The
devil take ye!” and was
scornful da Gama had not
brought valuable presents.
Vasco da Gama & his crew were amazed
by the spices, rare silks, and precious
gems that filled Calicut’s shops.
They filled their ships with spices like
pepper & cinnamon and returned to
Portugal in 1499.
Their cargo was worth 60 times the cost
of the voyage!
Da Gama’s Second Trip
Da Gama left better prepared the
second time, with 20 well armed ships
instead of four. Priests and religious
processions sent him off with blessings.
But he didn’t bring gifts:
He demanded surrender of all valuables
from a ship filled with 380 Muslim
pilgrims. When they delayed he took the
valuables—22,000 ducats worth—then
burned the ship and everyone on it.
At Calicut, he seized fishermen and traders in the harbor, hanged
them, cut up their bodies, and sent the hands, feet, and heads to the
haughty ruler of Calicut. Who then agreed to sign a treaty allowing
the Portuguese trading rights. Da Gama left 5 ships of soldiers to
secure the trading city & returned triumphantly to Portugal.
Vasco de Gama - 1498
Bartolomeu Dias - 1488
Old Trade Route
Over land from Asia to Italy
New Trade Route
By sea from India to Portugal
(Vasco de Gama)
Summary Time
The back pages of your notes are
questions from today’s notes.
Answer the questions individually
using your notes.
These will be checked for
completion tomorrow.