Transcript Portugal`s Location

The Age of European
Exploration
Part 1. Portugal Takes
the Lead
1487-1500
Mr. Hardy
Randolph IB Middle School
2014-2015
What lead to European
Exploration it the 15th Century?
• The Renaissance – It set the stage
for European exploration. It is
impossible to separate the two.
European exploration grew out of the
Renaissance spirit of adventure,
curiosity, learning, and admiration of
human achievement.
What lead to European
Exploration it the 15th Century?
• Economics – The most important reason
was the desire for wealth.
Europeans traders were getting wealthy on trade with Asia.
The trade of luxury goods like spices, silk, gems, was
controlled by Muslim traders who sold to Italians. The
Italians then sold to other Europeans at very high prices.
The other European countries resented the Italian
monopoly and looked for an all water route to Asia to
bypass the overland routes controlled by the Italians and
Muslims.
What lead to European
Exploration it the 15th Century?
• The Desire to Spread Christianity –
Europeans wanted to continue to fight the
spread of Islam, and bring Christianity to
non-Christians in Asia
• Claim New Lands – European powers
wanted to start settlements and trading
posts.
Why did Portugal Take the Lead?
Portugal’s Location
Geography Determines Destiny
Portugal’s location on the western most tip of the Iberian
Peninsula, had a major impact on its history.
Its larger, more powerful neighbor, Spain bordered it on the North
and East, cutting off the overland routes to the rest of Europe
To the South was Africa and to theWest was a vast stretch of
unknown ocean. With that laying in front of them, it was inevitable
that the Portuguese would go to sea.
Coast of Portugal
Prince Henry the Navigator
Why did Portugal Take the Lead?
Strong Government Support
Prince Henry the Navigator, son of the King of Portugal.
Became interested in overseas exploration during a war in North
Africa, where he saw great wealth and riches from Asia. He was
determined to find a water route to Asia and get riches and spread
Christianity.
Founded a navigation school in 1419. It had the best
mapmakers, instrument makers, ship builders, scientists, and sea
captains in Europe.
Location of the Navigation
School
Why did Portugal Take the Lead?
Portuguese Use of Technology
1. Caravels – new ship design of the 1400’s were sturdier
than previous ships. They were about 65 feet long.
2. Lateen sails – These triangular sails adapted from Arab boats,
made it possible to sail against the wind.
3. Astrolabe – Another Arabic invention, allowed navigators to
determine their Latitude north or south of the equator by taking
a sighting off a star. (Calculating longitude was still a problem due to the need to
accurately calculate time.)
4. Magnetic Compass – Invented by the Chinese about 220
B.C., it had just been recently adopted in Europe As a
navigational device.
The Caravel
An English Caravel
A Brazilian Caravel
The Espirito Santo
A Portuguese Caravel
The Boa Esperanca
An Astrolabe
A Simple Astrolabe
Using an Astrolabe
Amerigo Vespucci using an
Astrolabe
Caravels with an Astrolabe
Portuguese are the First to Reach
the East
• Portuguese sailors begin to sail down the
west coast of Africa
• Vasco da Gama – 1497 -1498 rounded
Africa and reached India. He returned with
a cargo valued at 60 times the cost of his
voyage!
Vasco Da Gama
Classroom Activity
• Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco Da
Gama
Read the historical document, “Round Africa to India” and answer the
following questions.
1. Is this a primary or secondary source?
2. When and where did Da Gama explore?
3. What did Da Gama say was the purpose of his voyage?
4. Do you think Christianity was important to Da Gama? Provide
evidence from the passage to support your answer.
The Age of European
Exploration
Part 2. The Voyages of Columbus Make
Spain the Most Powerful Nation
Mr. Hardy
Randolph IB Middle School
2013-2014
The Spanish Expeditions
• 1492 – Christopher Columbus – Italian sailing
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for Spain, Columbus was convinced the world was round
and he could reach the East Indies by sailing west.
Landed in present day Bahamas, which he thought were
unknown islands of the East Indies.
Claimed the land he discovered for Spain.
Made three subsequent voyages between 1492 and 1503
which resulted in Spanish claims of land in Caribbean and
Central America.
Opened up New World for Settlement – Many
explorers and colonists followed.
Christopher Columbus
The Nina, Pinta, & Santa Maria
The New World and European
Colonies
The Columbian Exchange
• The exploration and colonization of the
New World that took place after 1492,
resulted in the co-mingling of many species
of plants, animals, bacteria, and diseases.
This co-mingling is called the Columbian
Exchange.
The Columbian Exchange
Old World that Traveled West
Crops: wheat, barley, oats,rice, grapes, sugar cane, bananas,
olives, peaches, pears, coffee beans, citrus fruits,
Animals: horses, cattle, sheep, goats, black rat
Diseases: malaria, small pox, influenza, chicken pox, measles,
yellow fever.
New World that Traveled East
Crops: corn, sweet potatoes, potatoes, manioc, pumpkins, tobacco,
avocados, peppers, peanuts, tomatoes, beans, vanilla,
pineapple, squash, cacao bean.
Animal: turkey
Diseases: polio, hepatitis, encephalitus
The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange
Because the Native Americans had been so isolated, their immune systems had not
developed protections against Old World diseases. Of these, smallpox was
probably the biggest killer. Tens of thousands were wiped out.
Make Your Explorer Trading Cards!
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For this activity you are going to make a trading card which will include information
about Prince Henry the Navigator, Vasco Da Gama, and Christopher Columbus.
1) On the front side of your card, you will draw the explorer’s picture, print their name,
and the date of their most important voyage or contribution
2) On the back side of your card, you will list the area they explored, country that
sponsored their voyage, and the goal of their exploration. (Claim new land, trade routes,
gain wealth, spread religion, etc.
3) Write a short explanation of the goal on the back.
4) You will make one card per person.
5) Neatness, creativity and color count. Illustrate it as you see fit. You will be graded on
it.
6) The finished product will be part of your study guide.
7) Your trading cards should be completed by the end of the class.