Transcript Slide title goes here

Track 5.4 -- Emerging Network Security Technology:
A Lucent Bell Labs Prospective
Bell Labs Network
Security Model
Andrew R. McGee
Distinguished Member of Technical Staff
Lucent Technologies Bell Labs
April 2, 2003
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Topics
Building the Network Security Model:
• Security Threats.
• Security Layers.
• Security Planes.
• Security Dimensions.
Applying the Network Security Model to Network Security Assessments:
• Network, Host and Service Discovery.
• Data Fusion - Putting it All Together.
• Producing Meaningful Results.
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Types of Network Security Threats1
Interruption (An Attack on Availability):
– Network Becomes Unavailable or Unusable
– Examples:
• Malicious Destruction of a Network Element
• Erasure of a Software Program or Data File
• Cutting of a Communication Facility
Interception (An Attack on Confidentiality):
– An Unauthorized Access to an Asset
– Examples:
• Unauthorized Data Capture (Data Sniffing)
• Discovery of Unprotected WLAN Access Points
Modification (An Attack on Integrity):
– An Unauthorized Tampering with an Asset
– Examples:
• Changing Network Configuration Information
• Changing Data as it is Being Transmitted Across the Network
Fabrication (An Attack on Authenticity):
– Unauthorized Creation, Modification, or Deletion of Objects on a
Network
– Examples:
• Unauthorized Access to the Network
• Insertion of Spurious Messages on the Network
• Addition of Records to a Database
1C.
Pfleeger, Security in Computing, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1997.
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Security Layers
Applications Security
THREATS
Interruption
Services Security
Interception
VULNERABILITIES
Modification
Vulnerabilities Can Exist
In Each Layer
Fabrication
Infrastructure Security
ATTACKS
Infrastructure Security Layer:
• Fundamental Building Blocks of Networks,
Services, and Applications.
• Individual Network Elements and the
Interconnecting Communications Facilities
• Examples:
– Individual Routers, Switches, Servers
– Point-to-Point WAN Links
– Ethernet Links
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
Applications Security Layer:
• Network-Based Applications Accessed by End-Users
• Includes:
– Fundamental Applications (e.g., Web Browsing)
– Basic Applications (e.g., Directory Assistance
and Email)
– High-End Applications (e.g., E-Commerce)
Services Security Layer:
• Services Provided to Customers or End-Users
• Range from Basic Transport to High-End, ValueAdded Services.
• Examples:
– Carrier Facilities (DS-1, DS-3, etc.)
– Frame Relay, ATM, IP Connectivity
– VoIP, QoS, IM, Location Services
– 800-Services
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Security Layers Apply to Every
Protocol Layer
Example - Applying Security Layers
to ATM Networks (Layer 2):



Infrastructure Security Layer:
– Individual ATM Switches
– Point-to-Point Communication Links
Between Switches (e.g., DS-3 links, OC-48
links, etc.)
Services Security Layer:
– ATM Services Classes: CBR, VBR-RT,
VBR-nRT, ABR, UBR
Applications Security Layer:
– ATM-Based Video Conferencing
Application
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
Example - Applying Security Layers
to IP Networks (Layer 3):



Infrastructure Security Layer:
– Wireline NEs: Individual Routers, Servers
– Wireless NEs: PDSN, SGSN, GGSN.
– Communication Links Between NEs Note: Could be ATM PVCs
Services Security Layer:
– Basic IP Transport
– IP Support Services (e.g., AAA, DNS, DHCP)
– Value-Added Services: (e.g., VPN, VoIP,
QoS)
Applications Security Layer:
– Basic Applications (e.g., ftp, Web Access)
– Fundamental Applications (e.g., Email)
– High-End Applications (e.g., E-Commerce,
Training)
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Security Planes
Vulnerabilities Can Exist
In Each Layer and Plane
Management Security Plane:
• Concerned with OAM&P of Network Elements,
Transmission Facilities, Operations/Business
Systems
• Concerned with Management and Provisioning of
Network Services and Applications
• Supports the FCAPS Functions
• May Be In-Band or Out-of-Band
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
End-User Security Plane:
• How Customers Access and Use the Network
• Represents End-User Data At Rest and In Motion
• End-Users May Use the Network For:
– Basic Connectivity/Transport
– Value-Added Services (VPN, VoIP, etc.)
– Access to Network-Based Applications (e.g.,
Email).
Control/Signaling Security Plane:
• Enables the Efficient Delivery of Information,
Services, and Applications Across the Network
• Machine-to-Machine Communications to Determine
How to Best Route or Switch Traffic Across the
Network
• May Be In-Band or Out-of-Band
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Example: Applying Security Planes to
Network Activities/Protocols
End User Security Plane:
Activities
• End-User Data Transfer
• End-User – Application Interactions
Protocols
• HTTP, RTP, POP, IMAP
• TCP, UDP, FTP
• IPSec, TLS
Control/Signaling Security Plane:
Activities
Protocols
• Update of Routing/Switching Tables
• Service Initiation, Control, and Teardown
• Application Control
•
•
•
•
BGP, OSPF, IS-IS, RIP, PIM
SIP, RSVP, H.323, SS7.
IKE, ICMP
PKI, DNS, DHCP, SMTP
Management Security Plane:
•
•
•
•
Activities
Operations
Administration
Management
Provisioning
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
•
•
•
•
Protocols
SNMP
Telnet
FTP
HTTP
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Security Dimensions Address the
Breadth of Network Vulnerabilities
• Limit and Control Access to Network
Elements, Services, and Applications.
• Techniques Include: ACL, Firewall, IDS,
Password, Security Token, RBAC.
Access Management
Authentication
• Prevent the Denial of an Activity on the
Network or Transmission Through a
Network.
• Techniques Include: System Logs, Digital
Signatures, Asymmetrical Encryption.
• Ensure Information Only Flows from the
Source to the Destination.
• Techniques Include: VPN, MPLS, L2TP,
Source Path Routing.
Non-repudiation
Data Confidentiality
Communication Security
Integrity
• Ensure network elements, services and
application are available to legitimate
users.
• Techniques Include: Reliable network
design, IDS, network redundancy, and
disaster recovery.
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
Availability
Privacy
• Ensure Proof of Identity of the Claimed
Entity (Person, Device, Application).
• Techniques Include: Shared Secret, PKI,
Digital Signature, Digital Certificate.
• Ensure the Confidentiality of Data to
Prevent Unauthorized Viewing.
• Techniques Include: Encryption.
• Ensure that Data is Received as Sent or
Retrieved as Stored.
• Techniques Include: MD5, Digital
Signature, Anti-Virus Software.
• Ensure that confidential information of end
user, network element, and network
architecture is not disclosed to
unauthorized entity.
• Techniques Include: Encryption, Service
Level agreement, etc.
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Infrastructure Security
Privacy
Availability
THREATS
Integrity
Data Confidentiality
Vulnerabilities Can Exist
In Each Layer, Plane,
Dimension
Non- repudiation
VULNERABILITIES
Authentication
Services Security
Access Management
Security Layers
Applications Security
Communication Security
Bell Labs Network Security
Model
Interruption
Interception
Modification
Fabrication
ATTACKS
End User Security
Control/Signaling Security
Security Planes
8 Security Dimensions
Management Security
Supported by Government
Agencies & Standards Bodies:




NSIE
NSTAC
NRIC
DHS
 ITU-T SG17
 Industry
Canada
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
Applicable To:
• Wireless, Wireline and Optical Networks
• Voice, Data, and Converged Networks
• Any Layer of the Protocol Stack
• Management, Administrative and Data
Center Networks
• SP Infrastructure Networks
• Enterprise Networks
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Methodical & Modular Approach to
Network Security Analysis
(The Bell Labs Network Security Model in Tabular Form)
Infrastructure
Layer
Services Layer
Applications
Layer
Management
Plane
Module One
Module Four
Module Seven
Control/Signaling
Plane
Module Two
Module Five
Module Eight
Module Three
Module Six
Module Nine
User Plane
Execute
– Top Row for Analysis of Management
Network
– Middle Column for Analysis of
Network Services
– Intersection of Each Layer and Plane
for analysis of Security Perspective
Access Management
Communication Security
Authentication
Integrity
Non-repudiation
Availability
Data Confidentiality
Privacy
The Eight Security Dimensions Are
Applied to Each Security Perspective
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Applying the Bell Labs Network
Security Model to Security Programs
Can Apply to Every Aspect of a Network Security Program
• Definition & Planning: Helps define comprehensive Security Policies, Incident Response &
Recovery Plans and Technology Architectures by taking Security Dimensions, Layers and
Planes into account
• Implementation: Forms basis of an assessment that examines how the Security Dimensions,
Layers and Planes are addressed as Policies and Procedures are rolled out and technology is
deployed
• Maintenance: Assists in managing the Security Policies & Procedures, Incident Response &
Recovery Plans and Technology Architectures by ensuring modifications to the Security
Program address Security Dimensions, Layers and Planes
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
BL Network Security Model in Action:
Network Survivability Assessment Service
Bell Labs Net w ork Securit y M odel
Quest ionnaire
M odule
Cust om er
Input
M odule
Assessm ent
M odule
Netw ork
Survivabil ity
Assessm ent
Recom m endat ion
M odule
Im plem ent at ion/
Operat ion
M odule
Int ernal
Test M odule1
Ext ernal
Test M odule2
Data collection
Phase
Analysis
Phase
Health Check Iteration
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions
Recom mendation Im plem entation/ Health
Phase
operation
Check
GSA/FTS Network Services Conference 2003
Managing the Future: Mastering the Maze
Conclusion
Bell Labs Network Security Model
•
•
•
•
•
Provides Comprehensive, End-to-End View of Network Security.
Applies to Any Networking Technology:
–
Wireless, Wireline and Optical Networks.
–
Voice, Data and Converged Networks.
Applies to Any Layer of the Protocol Stack.
Applies to Any Portion of a Network:
–
Management, Administrative and Data Center Networks.
–
Infrastructure Networks.
–
Enterprise Networks.
Widely Accepted by Government Agencies and Standards Bodies:
–
National Security Information Exchange (NSIE).
–
National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee (NSTAC).
–
National Reliability and Interoperability Council (NRIC).
–
U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS).
–
Industry Canada.
–
ITU-T.
Comprehensive Network Security Assessments Based on BL Network Security Model
•
•
Tools and Techniques are used to Assess Security Layers, Planes, Dimensions.
Results are Provided in Terms of Network and Business Impact.
GSA Federal Technology Service
Smarter Solutions