Transcript Spain and the Americas

Spain and the Americas
J.A.SACCO
Causes of Colonization
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Religious freedom
Find gold/silver
Establish empires for the mother nation
Government persecution
Expand a nations economy abroad
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Second chance in life
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Spain vs. Portugal
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Early Exploration/Colonization led by two nations- Spain and
Portugal
Conflict prevented by Pope Alexander VI in the Treaty of
Tordesillas (1493)
Spain
*given claims to New World
Portugal
*given claims to Brazil
and trade routes east
Treaty of Tordesillas
The “Conquistadores”
 Who
were the “conquistadores”?
Hernando De Soto (1539-1541)
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Mississippi River
In search of riches
Hernan Cortes (1521)
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Destruction of the Aztec
empire
Seeking slave labor for
Cuba/riches of the region
Built capital of New Spain over
the ruins of Tenochtitlan
“We Spaniards know a sickness
of the heart that only gold can cure.”
Francisco Pizarro (1533)
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Overthrew the Incas in Peru
Seeking riches in region
Took King Atahualpa hostagelater executed
Francisco Coronado (1540-1542)
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SW of what was to
become the United
States-Grand Canyon
New Spain
Effects of Spanish Colonization
Columbian Exchange
Effect of Spanish Colonization
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Disease
Large supply of silver
 Built “presidios”- forts for protection/also served
as trade posts
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Effect of Spanish Colonization
Missions to spread Roman Catholicism/Eur. Culture
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Led by Franciscan priest Junipero Serra
Built missions in San Diego/San Francisco
Teach the Pueblo people Catholicism and European culture
Often used violence to those who resisted those teachings
The Encomienda System
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New social system established by the Spainish
based on the feudal system of the Middle Ages
What is the feudal system?
The Encomienda System
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Title of “encomendero” given as a reward to
control Native American villages.
Encomendero
Encomendero protect
Native Americans/convert
to Christianity
Native Americans
Pay to encomendero
part of what is
produced
The Encomienda System and Social Status
Social Order
Peninsulares
Criollos
Mestizos
Labor
Sp. Born-high
Born in colonies Mixed
Nat.Amer. and
gov’t and
of Sp. Parents.
Sp.and
African
church positions Wealthy but
Nat. Amer. ancestry.
not become
Merchants, Provide labor.
Peninsulares.
artisans,
Shopkeepers.
Mostly poor.
Government in Spanish America
Council of the Indies
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Advisory board of King
Special court- audencia were administrators
and lawmakers
Organized around viceroyalties- each
governed by a viceroy
Economy of Spanish America
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Not based on gold but silver
Climate very dry- not grow crops but could
raise large herds of cattle and sheep
Huge ranches called haciendas/ led by a
vaqueros (cowboy)
The “encomienda” process illustrated in the map above
a. triggered extensive demographic and social change.
b. ended American Indian resistance.
c. changed American Indian beliefs on the environment.
d. led to the development of a hunter–gatherer economy.
The most devastating impact of the Spanish conquest and
exploration was
a.
American Indian resistance and conflict.
b.
the subjugation of American Indians.
c.
the forced conversion of natives to Christianity.
d.
the spread of deadly epidemics.
Which of the following Spanish imperial goals were least advanced
by the conquest and exploration illustrated above?
a.
Enlarging the Spanish empire
b.
Gaining new sources of wealth
c.
Shifting from feudalism to capitalism
d.
Converting natives to Christianity