Transcript Chapter 3 Powerpoint

Chapter 3.1
Europeans Explore the East:
• Why did they go exploring?
– GOLD!!, GOD, and GLORY
• I. Europeans seek new trade routes:
– For spices and other luxury goods in Asia.
– Because Italians controlled trade from the East
to the West and were becoming a wealthy
empire.
– Christianity – duty of Christians to fight
Muslims and convert non-Christians
II. How did they go exploring?
Caravel- new boats that could sail against the wind.
(triangular sails)
Astrolabe- a brass circle with rings to mark degrees by
sight and latitude of stars.
Compass- invented by the Chinese used a magnet to tell
directions
• III. Why was Portugal first?
– 1st to establish trading out posts along the west
coast of Africa (pushing further East into the
Indian Ocean.)
– Prince Henry–(of Portugal) founded a
navigation school- to teach trades in
mapmaking, shipbuilders, and sea captains
– Strong government support!!
.
Prince Henry the Navigator
Portugal Reaches Asia
• Bartolomeu Dias was successful in reaching
the tip of Africa, but ran out of supplies and
returned home.
• Vasco da Gama was successful in finding a sea
route to India. The spices, silks, and gems in
India amazed the Portuguese.
IV. Spain also makes claims in Explorations:
• Christopher Columbus – an Italian sea captain from
Portugal
– convinced the Spanish King(Ferdinand) and
Queen (Isabella) to finance a voyage, to find
a trade route to Asia, by sailing west across
the Atlantic Ocean.
• By October 1492, he found an island in the Caribbean
and mistook it for the East Indies (Asia).
• Tensions between Spain and Portugal increase because
they are arguing over who had the right to claim the
land Columbus found in the Americas.
• Pope Alexander VI- attempted to keep
peace by establishing the Line of
Demarcation
• -Treaty of Tordesillas – an agreement
to honor the line of demarcation.
•
V. Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean
•
A. Portugal
– Controlled the Spice Islands first
• B. Spain
– Ferdinand Magellan- led a Spanish
expedition to the Philippine Islands.
• C. English
–
•
Controlled South Africa, which means they
controlled sea trade to Europe
D. Netherlands
– Pushed Portugal out of the Spice Islands.
They controlled trade with China and
Japan.
Chapter 3.2 – China Limits European
Contacts
• China was self-contained (subsistent) and was
not at all interested in direct trade with
Europeans.
– They thought Europeans were barbarians.
– Europeans were rude, and did not
understand Chinese culture.
– Europeans kept sending missionaries and
trying to convert people to Christianity.
Ming Dynasty
• Came to power in 1368 when the
Chinese drove out the Mongols.
• First emperor: Hongwu
–He made agricultural reforms
–He promoted Confucianism
–He went crazy and killed a bunch of
government officials.
Ming Dynasty
• Second emperor: Yonglo
–Hongwu’s son
–Continued Dad’s policies on agriculture
and Confucianism
–Sent Zheng He out on voyages of
exploration.
Ming Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
• Came to power in 1644 when the
Manchus (who are not Chinese!) drove
the Ming Dynasty out.
• First emperor: Kangxi
• Lowered taxes
• Tolerant of different religions
• Forced Chinese men to wear their hair
in a topknot.
Qing Dynasty
• Second Emperor: Qian-long
– Kangxi’s grandson
– Continued policies of isolation
• Trade restrictions – kowtow and trading
ports
• Indian Ocean trade controlled by the
Dutch
– China was self-sufficient and did not need
anything from Europe – they only thing
Europeans had to trade for tea, silks, and
spices was gold and silver.
Wrap-up
• Chinese Confucian and economic policies
favored the growth of agriculture over
industry.
• Corn is NOT a crop native to China. Corn
came from the Americas.
• The Chinese did NOT trade sugar with
the Dutch. By then, sugar came from
colonies in the Americas.
Chapter 3.3 – Japan Returns to
Isolation
• First encounter in 1543(Portugal).
• Europeans introduced muskets/cannon.
• In 1549, missionaries arrived, and were very
successful.
• By 1612, Christianity was banned – fear of
religious uprising.
• By 1639, country was closed; only trade was
with Dutch and Chinese.
Japanese Society
• Emperor – Figurehead Only
• Daimyo – Landowning Nobles
• Samurai – Warriors (Loyal to Daimyo)
• Commoners – Farmers, artisans,
merchants
Samurai Warrior
Uniting Japan
• Warring States Period
– A civil war among the daimyo.
• Oda Nobunaga
– Attempted to unite Japan, first used guns
(muskets) in battle.
• Toyotomi Hideyoshi
– Nobunaga’s general, continued uniting
Japan, disarmed commoners
Uniting Japan
• Tokugawa Ieyasu
– Finished the job of uniting Japan
– First shogun – faked his family tree
– He began 200 years of peace – no more
civil war in Japan
Tokugawa Shogunate
• Alternative Attendance Policy
– Required daimyo to live part time in Edo
– If daimyo had to leave, families stayed
behind
– If daimyo rebelled, families would be
killed
– It was a VERY successful policy.
Closing the Country
• Portugal
– Traded clocks, eyeglasses, tobacco,
and firearms
– Also sent missionaries, even when
Japan told them not to and started
executing missionaries & Christians
– Eventually, Japan closed the country
and only traded with the Chinese and
Dutch (who didn’t send missionaries)
Sequencing Events
• Why did Japan close the country?
• On page 112, beginning with “Christian
Missionaries in Japan,” read to determine
the order of events that led to the closing
of the country.
• Use the chart on the back page of your
Chapter 3 notes.